Sustainable Development and Economic Growth in the Third World: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Technology and National Security of the Joint Economic Committee, Congress of the United States, One Hundred First Congress, First Session, June 13, 15, and 20, 1989, Volume 7U.S. Government Printing Office, 1990 - 402 pages |
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Common terms and phrases
adjustment Africa agricultural annual areas assets Brady Plan BRAMBLE Brazil capital Cassava Central Central Java changes conservation organizations costs crop debt crisis debt-for-nature swaps debt/nature swaps deforestation depletion developing countries developing world Director donors East Java ecological economic environment erosion estimated example export family planning farm farmers forest forestry funds future global harvest hectares impact implementation important improve increase Indonesia industrial initial Institute interest investment issues Java land loans long-term measures ment million national accounts national income accounts natural resources nomic percent political poor population growth potential poverty problems production programs projects rates reduced region Repetto Representative SCHEUER reserves resource accounts role rural sector SEWELL Sian Ka'an soil Statistics strategies success sustainable development Taiwan technologies Tegal Third World debt timber tion tropical UNICEF West Java women World Bank
Popular passages
Page 59 - A country could exhaust its mineral resources, cut down its forests, erode its soils, pollute its aquifers, and hunt its wildlife to extinction, but measured income would not be affected as these assets disappeared.
Page 59 - ... This is a misunderstanding. Whether they enter the marketplace directly or not, natural resources make important contributions to long-term economic productivity and so are, strictly speaking, economic assets. Many are under increasing pressure from human activities and are deteriorating in quantity or quality. Another misunderstanding underlies the contention that natural resources are "free gifts of nature," so that there are no investment costs to be "written off.
Page 154 - Those who are poor and hungry will often destroy their immediate environment in order to survive: They will cut down forests, their livestock will overgraze grasslands; they will overuse marginal land; and in growing numbers they will crowd into congested cities. The cumulative effect of these changes is so far-reaching as to make poverty itself a major global scourge.
Page 65 - Ensure that environmental considerations are taken fully into account at an early stage in the development and implementation of economic and other policies in such areas as agriculture, industry, energy and transport.
Page 58 - The Need for Natural Resource Accounting A. Overview and Recommendations Whatever their shortcomings, and however little their construction is understood by the general public, the national income accounts are undoubtedly one of the most significant social inventions of the twentieth century. Their political and economic impact can scarcely be overestimated. However inappropriately, they serve to divide the world into "developed" and "less developed" countries. In the "developed countries," whenever...
Page 13 - The ability to anticipate and prevent environmental damage requires that the ecological dimensions of policy be considered at the same time as the economic, trade, energy, agricultural, and other dimensions. They should be considered on the same agendas and in the same national and international institutions.
Page 149 - The average weight-for-age of young children, a vital indicator of normal growth, is falling in many of the countries for which figures are available. In the 37 poorest nations, spending per head on health has been reduced by 50%, and on education by 25%, over the last few years.
Page 60 - Indeed, natural resource assets are legitimately drawn upon to finance economic growth, especially in resource-dependent countries. The revenues derived from resource extraction finance investments in industrial capacity, infrastructure, and education. A reasonable accounting representation of the process, however, would recognize that one kind of asset has been exchanged for another, which is expected to yield a higher return. Should a farmer cut and sell the timber in his woods to raise money for...
Page 78 - The three principal methods for estimating the value of natural resource stocks are: 1) the present value of future net revenues; 2) the transaction value of market purchases and sales of the resource in situ; and 3) the net price, or unit rent, of the resource multiplied by the relevant quantity of the reserve. The present value method requires that future prices, operating costs, production levels, and interest rates be forecast over the life of a given field after its discovery. The present value...
Page 17 - June 1989 gathering of some 300 scientists and policymakers from 48 countries, stated: •Humanity is conducting an unintended, uncontrolled. globally pervasive experiment whose ultimate consequences could be second only to a global nuclear war.