GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE HEARINGS BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED SECOND CONGRESS SECOND SESSION ON THE SCIENCE AND ENERGY POLICY IMPLICATIONS OF GLOBAL CLIMATE MAY 6 AND 12, 1992 Printed for the use of the ** U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 58-7595 WASHINGTON : 1992 For sale by the U.S. Government Printing Office ISBN 0-16-039330-2 COMMITTEE ON ENERGY AND NATURAL RESOURCES J. BENNETT JOHNSTON, Louisiana, Chairman DALE BUMPERS, Arkansas MALCOLM WALLOP, Wyoming WENDELL H. FORD, Kentucky MARK O. HATFIELD, Oregon BILL BRADLEY, New Jersey PETE V. DOMENICI, New Mexico JEFF BINGAMAN, New Mexico FRANK H. MURKOWSKI, Alaska TIMOTHY E. WIRTH, Colorado DON NICKLES, Oklahoma KENT CONRAD, North Dakota CONRAD BURNS, Montana DANIEL K. AKAKA, Hawaii LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho WYCHE FOWLER, JR., Georgia JOHN SEYMOUR, California RICHARD C. SHELBY, Alabama JAKE GARN, Utah PAUL WELLSTONE, Minnesota BENJAMIN S. COOPER, Staff Director D. MICHAEL HARVEY, Chief Counsel Akaka, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator from Hawaii. Burns, Hon. Conrad, U.S. Senator from Montana... Domenici, Hon. Pete V., U.S. Senator from New Mexico Happer, Dr. William, Director, Office of Energy Research, Department of Energy, accompanied by Dr. Aristides Patrinos, Director of Environmental Science, Office of Energy Research...... Johnston, Hon. J. Bennett, U.S. Senator from Louisiana ... Lindzen, Dr. Richard S., Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Meteorology, Massachu- setts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA MacCracken, Dr. Michael C., Division Leader, Atmospheric and Geophysical Sciences Division, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, Schneider, Dr. Stephen H., senior scientist, National Center for Atmospheric Wallop, Hon. Malcolm, U.S. Senator from Wyoming . Applications Division, National Aeronautics and Space Administration 3 40 Akaka, Hon. Daniel K., U.S. Senator from Hawaii...... Baroody, Michael E., senior vice president, National Association of Manufac- turers, and chairman, Global Climate Coalition, accompanied by Dr. David Montgomery, vice president, Charles River & Associates... Burns, Hon. Conrad, U.S. Senator from Montana... Craig, Hon. Larry E., U.S. Senator from Idaho. Domenici, Hon. Pete V., U.S. Senator from New Mexico Dower, Dr. Roger C., director, Climate, Energy and Pollution Program, World Resources Institute, accompanied by Rafe Pomerance, Senior Associate, Climate, Energy and Pollution Program and Policy Affairs Program Hellman, Richard A., chairman and president, United States Committee for the United Nations Environment Programme. Johnston, Hon. J. Bennett, U.S. Senator from Louisiana. cerned Scientists.... Morgenstern, Dr. Richard D., Acting Assistant Administrator, Policy, Plan- ning, and Evaluation, Environmental Protection Agency, accompanied by Eileen B. Claussen, Director, Office of Atmospheric and Indoor Air Pro- Murkowski, Hon. Frank H., U.S. Senator from Alaska and Natural Resources, Department of State........ 143 204 156 162 (III) Daxtoy |