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(a) Nordhaus (1991) develops logistic yield curves based on estimated carrying capacity, average flows and time to maturity. (b) Dixon, Winjum and Krankina (1991) concentrated on forestry activities and their costs rather than on carbon yields. (c) The range represents the lowest yield year for the slowest growing species to the highest yield year for the highest yield species. (d) Carbon yield for forest management is estimated as avoided emissions from deforestation.

(e) These figures appear to count total carbon standing at 50 years, but may use MS since rotations are considered for some practices. (f) In addition to the components included in MCS, carbon stored in wood products is included in the carbon flow figures.

Table 9.2.6: Treatment of Forest Products in Carbon Sequestration Studies

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Forest Product Treatment

Describes three scenarios of decay rates of wood products described, but effect on
carbon accounting unclear.

Does not consider forest products.

Discusses land purchased and turned into permanent forest cover, does not consider

harvest.

Assumes products are harvested, 100 percent release of stored carbon at time of
harvest, no accounting for value of forest products.

Does not address carbon flows or stocks, benefits of harvest implicitly considered
in forestry practice costs analysis via derivation of internal rate of return on
investment.

Subtracts value of timber products from costs of carbon sequestration.
Does not consider forest products.

Explicitly includes timber harvest, but does not include value of products in the
benefits accounting, effect of release of carbon on carbon accounting not clear.
Discusses land purchased and turned into permanent forest cover, does not consider
harvest.

Discusses effects of harvest qualitatively, does not quantify.

Accounts for carbon loss at harvest, assumes 100 percent loss at harvest.

Discusses harvest of timber, carbon and cost accounting methods unclear.

Includes value of forest products in cost accounting.

Explicit inclusion of forest products as a component of carbon storage and net

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Table 9.2.7: Ecosystem Components Included in Carbon Sequestration Studies

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(a) Implied in text, but not explicitly stated.

Ecosystem Carbon Components Included

Above- and below-ground tree

Above and below-ground tree, soil, understory

Above- and below-ground tree, soil, understory, liter
Not specified

Above- and below-ground tree

Above- and below-ground tree

Above- and below-ground tree
Tree bole only!")

Above- and below-ground tree, soil, understory, litter
Above and below-ground biomass

Above- and below-ground tree, soil, understory, litter

Above- and below-ground tree

Above- and below-ground tree, understory, litter
Above- and below-ground tree, soils

Above- and below-ground tree, understory, soils
Above- and below-ground tree, litter and wood products
Above- and below-ground tree

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(a)

Average storage method

Flow summation

Average storage method Levelized costs

Van Kooten uses a flow summation method in the text and expresses a clear preference for this approach. Levelized costs are provided in an appendix.

(b)

(c)

Levelized costs are not explicitly derived, but are implicit in the form of the model.

Because the carbon accounting method is unclear (see Table 9.2.5) it is unclear whether the costs are derived using
the flow summation method (if carbon accounting is based on standing carbon) or the average storage method (is carbon
accounting is based on MCS).

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