If incineration is used, bulky refuse items and noncombustible
rubbish, such as glass, large quantities of computer cards,
etc., shall be collected separately and not delivered to the
incinerator.

Solid waste that is recyclable or suitable for resource
recovery shall be collected separately.

After incinerator ashes have been quenched or sufficient time
has elapsed to ensure cooling of the ashes, they shall be
collected separately.

4.2.4.25 When segregation is required, materials are generally separated as follows:

4.2.4.26 Hog-food garbage. This operation must conform to state and local health authority requirements. Drained hog-food garbage is placed separately in covered 32-gal garbage cans. It includes kitchen leftovers, plate wastes, lettuce leaves, pea hulls, corn cobs, vegetable tops, and rinds and peelings from other than citrus fruits. This material is typically disposed of through the kitchen garbage grinder if not sold.

4.2.4.27 Other garbage and rubbish. All other garbage and rubbish are placed in covered 32-gal garbage cans or large multiple containers. They include drained coffee grounds, citrus fruit rinds, seafood and poultry wastes, food wrappings, carbon and stencil paper, rubbish from barracks, and similar unsalable items. When refuse is disposed of by incineration, such noncombustible materials as dirt, glass and crockery, metals, and other mineral refuse must be segregated and placed in separate containers.

4.2.4.28 Spent cooking grease and trap grease. These items are placed in separate covered 10- or 16-gal garbage cans. To eliminate the possibility of spilling when the cans are handled during collection, do not fill the cans more than 4 in. from the top.

4.2.4.29 Bones and meat trimmings. When meat cutting is performed at mess halls, bones and meat trimmings are placed in covered 32-gal garbage cans and are generally sold as salvage.

4.2.4.30 Salvable paper, cardboard, and kraftboard. Salvable paper items are tied and stacked at one end of the pickup station. They shall be protected from the weather because they lose salvage value once they have gotten wet.

4.2.4.31 Separated solid waste materials. Store so that they are not a fire, health, or safety hazard and do not provide food or harborage for disease vectors (flies, mosquitos, rodents). Contain or bundle wastes to prevent spills.

4.2.4.32 Social Requirements

4.2.4.33 Store solid waste containing food waste securely in covered or closed containers that are nonabsorbent, leakproof, durable, easily cleanable, and designed for safe handling.

4.2.4.34 Storage of bulky wastes shall include removing doors from large household appliances and covering the items to reduce:

any problem of an "attractive nuisance"

accumulation of other waste and water in and around the bulky
items.

4.2.4.35 75 lb when filled. waste.

Reusable waste containers emptied by hand must not exceed
Collectors should not come in physical contact with the

4.2.4.36 Procurement specifications for multiple containers shall establish conformance with DoD Military Specifications MIL-R-2395C unless such containers are unavailable or superior containers are desired.

4.2.5 Transfer and Transport

4.2.5.1 Types of Transfer Stations

4.2.5.2 There are several types of transfer station systems

commonly employed. These are briefly described below:

4.2.5.3 Direct Dump to Container. This is the most basic and simple form of transfer system. This system is employed when small volumes (100 yd3 or less) of solid wastes are handled. Container volumes range from about 15 to 55 yd3. Full containers are replaced with empty ones, and the full container is transported to the disposal site by tilt-frame trucks. This type of system is advantageous because of low capital costs and simple loading methods. However, because of the low solid waste densities (about 200 lb/yd3) obtained, spare containers may be required to handle incoming waste during peak periods. Also, there are potential hazards associated with this method, including leachate generation due to rainfall into the open box and the possibility of someone falling into the container while unloading the solid waste.

4.2.5.4 Dump into Trailer. With this method, solid waste is dumped from an elevated area into trailers instead of drop boxes. It is more commonly used than the drop box system. Trailers are available to handle up to and even over 130 yd3. Open-top trailers are less expensive initially and require less maintenance than the alternative compactor trailer types. Disadvantages of trailer systems are the same as for the drop box systems except haul costs are less because of the larger payload. There are several methods commonly employed to feed waste into transfer trailers, including:

Direct Dump. With this method, solid waste is dumped directly
into the trailer from the collection vehicle from an elevated
ramped area (see Figure 4-2-5A).

• Dump to Storage Pit. For this system, solid waste collection
vehicles dump directly into a storage pit where the waste
materials are crushed by crawler tractors and then pushed over

the ledge of the storage area into the trailer. This method is
generally employed where solid waste quantities delivered exceed
500 yd3 per day.

Dump to Tipping Floor. This method is similar to the storage pit
method, except solid wastes are dumped onto a tipping floor
rather than a storage pit, crushed by crawler tractors, and
pushed into the trailer (see Figure 4-2-5B). This method is used
effectively when solid waste delivery rates range from
100 to 500 yd3 per day.

4.2.5.5 Once the solid waste is in the trailer, it is generally leveled and further compacted by a backhoe or similar tamping device.

4.2.5.6 At the disposal site, various methods are used to unload the trailers, with the most efficient being the live bottom trailer. The floor of these trailers consists basically of a conveyor or other active type floor system which, when activated, automatically unloads the trailer.

4.2.5.7 Dump into Hydraulic Compaction Units. These systems are generally employed only at locations where solid waste delivery rates exceed 500 yd3 per day. In a hydraulic compaction system, a transfer trailer is backed into position and locked to a stationary compactor firmly anchored in a concrete foundation. The compactors used are large, heavy-duty units capable of handling most materials and producing the waste densities necessary to obtain maximum legal payloads. During operation, solid waste is loaded to the compactor from a hopper and the hydraulically powered reciprocating ram of the compactor forces the refuse horizontally through the door in the rear of the transfer trailer. At the disposal site, the entire rear section of the transfer trailer is opened and the waste pushed out by an ejection ram. Because this system requires that the transfer trailer be attached to the compactor, any hydraulic compaction system prohibits the use of drive-through arrangements.

4.2.5.8 There are several methods of feeding waste to the compactor

hopper:

direct dump into the hopper

dump into a hydraulic push-pit equipped with a hydraulically activated ram which automatically feeds waste into the hopper

dump into a storage pit or tipping floor where waste is crushed and pushed into the hopper by a wheel loader or crawler tractor

dump into an inclined conveyor which automatically feeds waste into the hopper.

4.2.5.9 Table 4-2-5A presents a summary of transfer station systems available for use at military installations, including advantages and disadvantages of each system.