The collection of solid wastes (or materials which
have been separated for the purpose of recycling) shall
be conducted in a safe, efficient manner, strictly
obeying all applicable traffic and other laws. The
collection vehicle operator shall be responsible for
immediately cleaning up all spillage caused by his
operations, for protecting private and public property
from damage resulting from his operations, and for
creating no undue disturbance of the peace and quiet in
residential areas in and through which he operates.

Records shall be maintained detailing all costs
(capital, operating, and maintenance) associated with the
collection system. These records shall be used for
scheduling maintenance and replacement, for budgeting,
and for system evaluation and comparison.

The collection system shall be reviewed on a regular schedule to assure that environmentally adequate, economical, and efficient service is maintained.

Solid waste collection systems shall be operated in
a manner designed to minimize fuel consumption, including
but not limited to, the following procedures.

Collection vehicle routes shall be designed to
minimize driving distances and delays.

Collection vehicles shall receive regular
tuneups, tires shall be maintained at

recommended pressures, and compaction equipment
shall be serviced regularly to achieve the most
efficient compaction.

Compactor trucks shall be used to reduce the
number of trips to the disposal site.

When the distance or travel time from

collection routes to disposal sites is great,
transfer stations shall be used when cost
effective.

Residential solid waste containers which are
serviced manually shall be placed at the curb
or alley for collection.

• For commercial wastes which do not contain food
wastes, storage capacity shall be increased in
lieu of more frequent collection.

4.2.4.3 Collection Equipment

4.2.4.4 Solid waste collection and transportation to the disposal site accounts for 70% to 80% of the total cost of solid waste management

(Tchobanoglous, Theisen, and Eliassen 1977). To establish vehicle and labor requirements for various systems and methods, the unit time to perform each task must be determined. Details of critical definitions and calculation procedures are given by Tchobanoglous, Theisen, and Eliassen (1977). The analysis revolves around the concept of stationary container systems (most common practice) versus hauled container systems. The conceptual differences become apparent after examination of Figure 4-2-4A. One example analysis showed that the hauled container system could save significant collection costs for round-trip haul distances less than 10 miles.

4.2.4.5 Table 4-2-4A gives size ranges for containers used in each scheme. Table 4-2-4B is a companion table and shows data on typical vehicles used in garbage collection. Figures 4-2-4B through 4-2-4G are sketches of some of the available garbage collection vehicles specified in Table 4-2-4B. The chain-lift type rear hoist truck (Figure 4-2-2G) is inefficient and is being phased out in the military. The fork-lift type, rear container hoist type truck is no longer being procured. For those remaining in service, replacement consists of ordering a cab and chassis to mount the lift mechanism on. Use of rear-loading compaction equipment depicted in Figures 4-2-2D and E is not recommended because the operation is expensive and laborintensive. Instead, the automated side loader and container handling system in Figure 4.2.2F is recommended. Specifications for collection vehicles must be specific for the type of frame, transmission, engine, brake system, differential, and body and for specialty items such as rear-viewing TV, communications equipment, tires, and any special controls.

4.2.4.6 Operating Records

4.2.4.7 Keep accurate operating records for each collection truck assigned to the refuse collection system. Department of Army Form 3916 (Daily Log of Truck Trips for Refuse Collection and Disposal) has been designed for this purpose in the Army; Form 1453 (Refuse Collection and Disposal report) for the Air Force; the Navy does not have a standard form for this. Truck drivers fill in the form daily, noting the size of each load (full, three-quarters, one-half, or one-quarter) or number of 32-gal garbage cans carried on each trip. The supervisor collects the reports, converts the size of load to cubic yards, and makes a monthly consolidation of these data on DA Form 3917 (Refuse Collection and Disposal) for the Army, and the Air Force uses AF Form 1452, Daily Log of Refuse and Salvage Collections.

4.2.4.8 For reporting purposes, the standard workload unit for collecting refuse and salvage is the cubic yards of uncompacted material. The method for computing the quantities to be reported for each type of collection equipment is given below.

4.2.4.9 Compaction Type. Load the vehicle body with measured quantities of the loose refuse materials being handled at the installation, in a manner similar to the way it is loaded during the normal refuse collection operation. It is important that the materials and method be representative of the daily operations; otherwise, the compaction factor, and consequently the reported daily volumes of refuse, will be in error. The total quantity of uncompacted material that is placed in the truck body when divided by the rated (measured dimensions) capacity of the truck body will give a compaction factor for the specific materials collected and the

Compactor, mechanically Open top and enclosed top and sideloaded

1-8

loading