Adequate receptacle stands are an aid to good housekeeping. Scheduled spraying for control of insects and rodent-control measures must be established as required by prevailing weather conditions. The following guidelines apply to receptacle stands.

Locate receptacle stands at established pickup stations only.

Stands for garbage cans are constructed in conjunction with a canwashing facility at mess halls, service clubs, and exchanges. Because of the low-loading height of most compactor trucks, do not place these stands on porches or loading docks.

Because of the height of multiple containers, they are more easily
loaded when placed adjacent to a loading dock or platform and loaded
through their top doors. Whenever possible, locate the receptacle stand
for this kind of container in such a position.

Build stands large enough to accommodate enough receptacles to meet
installation requirements for segregation of materials.

Wood

Concrete stands are easily cleaned and seldom require maintenance.
stands are not satisfactory at mess halls or other locations where food
is dispensed. Existing wooden stands will be replaced with concrete
stands whenever replacement or major repairs are required. On paved
areas, construction of separate stands is not normally required. Do not
enclose receptacle stands. Screened stands are difficult to keep clean
and also create a fly-breeding environment. In some instances, a
shelter over the can stand may be desirable to protect the cans and
contents from becoming wet during rainy weather. Stands shall be at
least 30 cm (12 in.) above grade. Stands or pads shall accommodate the
wheel-bearing load of loading vehicles.

4.2.3.6 Washing Facilities

4.2.3.7 Can Washing. Wash all cans as often as necessary for sanitation. Garbage cans do not require sterilizing, but grease and food particles serve as a source of food for insects and rodents and must be removed to prevent a health hazard. Central can washing has generally proven to be an uneconomical operation both in manpower and trucks required to haul cans to and from the messing facility and the can-washing plant. Individual can-washing facilities are authorized for construction for mess halls, restaurants, service clubs, and exchanges. Can washing facility drain lines are connected to a sanitary sewer via a grit/grease trap.

4.2.3.8 Can-washing facilities at mess halls shall be conveniently located, in accordance with the following criteria: a concrete washing pad not less than 6 ft by 6 ft in size, surrounded by a low, raised curb to prevent overflow of wash water, and piped to the central drain having a grease trap and connected to the sanitary sewer. Hot water (not to exceed 140°F) may be piped to the washing pad where the kitchen has sufficient heated water to meet all normal kitchen and can-washing needs. Suitable backflow and cross connection prevention shall be provided on all water lines.

4.2.3.9 Multiple Container Washing. Multiple containers cannot satisfactorily be cleaned by the use of personnel at mess halls and similar facilities. The multiple container cleaning facility shall be centrally located on the route between the disposal facility and the source of refuse materials. Locate the facility where water and sewerage are conveniently available. A high-pressure (1000-1200 psi) hot water source or steam cleaner can be provided with discharging the drainage directly to the sewer. For installations requiring them, this area is also a good location for a foreign garbage steam sterilization facility.

4.2.3.10 Provide a concrete slab with proper drainage and of adequate size for the intended service and number of vehicles that may use the washing facility at the same time. The wash water from the can-washing facility needs to be collected and treated as wastewater. Shelter for the washing facility is not required. Whether using hot or cold water, a booster pump to give high pressure will facilitate washing. Fittings to introduce liquid soap or detergent into the hose stream may be desirable. Since refuse containers are considered adequately cleaned when the food particles have been removed, they do not require sterilizing. Containers used for storage of putrescible materials shall be scheduled for regular cleaning, and other containers on an as-required basis.

4.2.3.11 The same washing facility may also be used at the end of the day for washing the collection vehicles.

4.2.3.12 Portable Cleaner. An option to the centralized cleaning facility is a portable high-pressure cleaning system. These units will minimize capital cost expenditures but might require more labor than the central cleaning location. Portable equipment that sanitizes dumpsters, washes heavy equipment, cleans latrines, and can be used to recover liquid spills is commercially available through several sources.

4.2.4 Collection of Solid Wastes

4.2.4.1 Collection equipment and associated costs can vary depending on whether the disposal fee is based on weight or volume. If the fee is based on $/ft3, then compaction equipment can frequently be justified. The specification of collection equipment shall be a cooperative effort among: (1) the base civil engineer, (2) the procurement office, (3) the contract office, and (4) the maintenance shop. The four parties will each have different but valuable facts on price and reliability of existing equipment. All inputs are needed to specify quality replacement items.

4.2.4.2 The primary federal guideline for solid waste collection is 40 CFR 243. It specifies the collection equipment requirements, design procedures, and operating procedures. Those items are excerpted below.

Collection Equipment Requirements

All vehicles used for the collection and transportation of solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) which are considered to be operating in interstate or foreign commerce shall meet all applicable standards established by the

federal government including, but not limited to, Motor Carrier Safety Standards (40 CFR 390-396) and Noise Emission Standards for Motor Carriers Engaged in Interstate Commerce (40 CFR 202). Federally owned collection vehicles shall be operated in compliance with Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (49 CFR 500-580).

All vehicles used for the collection and transportation of solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) shall be enclosed or adequate provisions shall be made for suitable cover, so that while in transit there can be no spillage.

The equipment used in the compaction, collection, and transportation of solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) shall be constructed, operated, and maintained in such a manner as to minimize health and safety hazards to solid waste management personnel and the public. This equipment shall be maintained in good condition and kept clean to prevent the propagation or attraction of vectors and the creation of nuisances.

Collection equipment of the following types used for the collection, storage, and transportation of solid waste (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) shall meet the standards established by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI Z245.1, Safety Standards for Refuse Collection Equipment) as of the effective date(s) established in ANSI Z245.1:

rear-loading compaction equipment
side-loading compaction equipment
front-loading compaction equipment
tilt-frame equipment

hoist-type equipment

satellite vehicles

special collection compaction equipment
stationary compaction equipment.

Whenever possible, enclosed, metal, leak-resistant compactor vehicles shall be used for the collection of solid wastes.

Safety devices, including, but not limited to the following shall be provided on all collection vehicles:

exterior rear-view mirrors

back-up lights

four-way emergency flashers

easily accessible first aid equipment

easily accessible fire extinguisher

audible reverse warning device.

If crew members ride outside the cab of the collection vehicle for short trips the vehicle shall be equipped with handholds and platforms big enough to safeguard against slipping.

Vehicle size shall take into consideration: local weight and height limits for all roads over which the vehicle will travel; turning radius; and loading height in the unloading position to insure overhead clearance in transfer stations, service buildings, incinerators, or other facilities.

Engines which conserve fuel and minimize pollution shall be used in collection vehicles to reduce fuel consumption and air pollution.

Recommended Operation Procedures

Collection vehicles shall be maintained and serviced according to manufacturers' recommendations, and receive periodic vehicle safety checks, including, but not limited to, inspection of brakes, windshield wipers, taillights, backup lights, audible reverse warning devices, tires, and hydraulic systems. Any irregularities shall be repaired before the vehicle is used. Vehicles shall also be cleaned thoroughly at least once a week.

No person shall work, walk or stand under elevated truck/containers.

Solid waste shall not be allowed to remain in collection vehicles over 24 h and shall only be left in a vehicle overnight when this practice does not constitute a fire, health, or safety hazard.

Solid wastes (or materials which have been separated for the purpose of recycling) shall be collected with frequency sufficient to inhibit the propagation or attraction of vectors and the creation of nuisances. Solid wastes which contain food wastes shall be collected at a minimum of once during each week. Bulky wastes shall be collected at a minimum of once every 3 months.

The minimum collection frequency consistent with public health and safety shall be adopted to minimize collection costs and fuel consumption. In establishing collection frequencies, generation rates, waste composition, and storage capacity shall be taken into consideration.

When solid wastes are separated at the point of storage into various categories for the purpose of resource recovery, a collection frequency shall be designated for each waste category.