1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

Residential

Most residential waste is garbage (food wastes). Next follows paper, then glass, metal, and miscellaneous.

Commissaries and Exchanges

The bulk of the wastes at commissaries and exchanges is clean, highquality corrugated containers and is excellent material for resale or recycling.

Clubs and Messing

Wastes from clubs and mess halls consist of paper, plastic wrap, cans, bottles, and food preparation trimmings exclusive of bones and fat. Wet garbage is generally disposed of in the installation sanitary sewer system through garbage grinders, while grease, bones, and fat are collected separately and sold.

Administrative Offices and Classrooms

Solid wastes from offices and classrooms consist mainly of paper. Industrial Wastes

These wastes are generated during overhaul of ships, aircraft, and other vehicles. The wastes are highly variable in quantity and Much of the material is metal and can be treated as

nature.

recyclable scrap.

6. Construction/Landscaping Wastes

7.

8.

Lumber, broken concrete, and other building materials are frequently taken to special landfill areas reserved for that type of waste. The "Reserved" area can be adjacent to a regular landfill. The separation results because construction debris often requires different controls and different covers.

Motor Pool Wastes

This category includes automotive, vehicular, and aviation groundsupport equipment repair and maintenance activities. The solid wastes generated from these facilities consist primarily of paper and cardboard, along with some quantities of nonreusable wooden crating and packaging materials. Oils and greases generated in these facilities are handled separately, while metals and broken parts are generally segregated from the solid waste stream and disposed of as scrap. Used tires and batteries are also common waste materials. Medical Wastes

The principal wastes from hospitals and dispensaries include garbage, paper, and trash; surgical, laboratory, and autopsy wastes; outdated medicine, and noncombustibles such as cans and bottles. Some of

these wastes present physical, toxicological, or pathological hazards. Appropriate guidelines for handling these materials are provided in Section 4.4.

9. Military Activity Wastes

Wastes generated during maneuvers include wastes similar to mess facilities plus other wastes such as spent ammunition. Ammunition shells are frequently recycled and reused. Other wastes created on maneuvers are seldom collected.

10. Foreign Garbage

11.

Ships coming into port will have stored aboard the trash generated while the ship was at sea.

Most of the waste is unusable garbage followed by paper, metal, glass, and other. Aircraft and ships returning from foreign ports must have all solid waste off-loaded and incinerated or sterilized prior to disposal.

Litter

Laws do

Roadway barrow pits, beaches, and recreation areas are frequent repositories for litter. Most is metal cans or loose paper. exist against littering but strict enforcement is not yet practical. Wastes from all these sources have some recyclable components. Economics presently dictates which materials are recycled.

4.2 TYPES OF TECHNOLOGIES

4.2.1 This section discusses various options for the handling of solid wastes. Topics start from solid waste storage at generation sites and end with ultimate disposal. Recycling issues are presented in detail.

4.2.2 Several methods of waste reduction and disposal are available to military installations. Each provides varying degrees of productivity to the overall refuse collection and disposal process; and their relative merits should be assessed based on local conditions and local, state, and federal policies with respect to solid waste management. The method or combination of methods chosen must prevent nuisance and health hazards by controlling certain agents and conditions, rodents, odors, air pollution, surface water and groundwater pollution, and spread of pathogens and hazardous gases. Selecting the appropriate disposal method should be based on least cost where such studies are conclusive while in accordance with local, state, and federal requirements.

4.2.3 Handling and Storage at Generation Site

4.2.3.1 Storage requirements for solid wastes are spelled out in the Federal Regulation 40 CFR 243. Excerpts follow:

(a) All solid wastes (or materials which have been
separated for the purpose of recycling) shall be stored in
such a manner that they do not constitute a fire, health,
or safety hazard or provide food or harborage for vectors,
and shall be contained or bundled so as not to result in
spillage. All solid waste containing food wastes shall be
securely stored in covered or closed containers which are
nonabsorbent, leakproof, durable, easily cleanable (if
reusable), and designed for safe handling. Containers
shall be of an adequate size and in sufficient numbers to
contain all food wastes, rubbish, and ashes that a
residence or other establishment generates in the period of
time between collections. Containers shall be maintained
in a clean condition so that they do not constitute a
nuisance, and to retard the harborage, feeding, and
breeding of vectors. When serviced, storage containers
shall be emptied completely of all solid waste.

(b) Storage of bulky wastes shall include, but is not
limited to, removing all doors from large household
appliances and covering the item(s) to reduce the problems
of an attractive nuisance, and the accumulation of solid
waste and water in and around the bulky items.

(c) Reusable waste containers which are emptied manually shall not exceed 75 pounds (34.05 kg) when filled, and shall be capable of being serviced without the collector coming into physical contact with the solid waste.

4.2.3.2 Data on types and sizes of containers used in various applications are given in Tables 4-2-3A and B (Tchobanoglous, Theisen, and Eliassen 1977). Table 4-2-3B provides information so the proper container can be selected for a particular location. Figure 4-2-3A shows several medium capacity solid waste containers.

4.2.3.3 The requirement for waste containers will reflect the characteristics of the source including the rate of waste generation, density of population, and ease of access to both the generating installation and collection system. Proper selection of containers will increase productivity and should provide reasonable benefits to both the discarding unit and to the collection installations.

4.2.3.4 Location of Containers. Traditionally, containers at military installations have been located in one of two places: curb or alley, or central collection locations. The use of other locations must be supported by an economic or environmental analysis. Central location collection provides greater productivity in the collection process; however, greater costs for equipment are inherent. Aesthetics is an important consideration in selecting a site location for any container(s).

4.2.3.5 Receptacle Stands. Suitable stands for refuse receptacles at pickup stations are essential for efficient and economical collection operations. Discarding units segregate refuse and police the pickup station.

(1) D =

D = diameter, H = height, W width, d = depth

(2) Size varies with waste characteristics and local site conditions.

Note: gal x 0.003785 = m3

in. x 2.54 = cm

yd3 x 0.7646 = m3

ft x 0.3048 = m

TABLE 4-2-3B

Typical Applications and Limitations of Containers Used for the Onsite Storage of Solid Wastes

Limitations