"(b) Attorney General to defend any civil action or proceeding for malpractice or negligence; service of process. The Attorney General shall defend any civil action or proceeding brought in any court against any person referred to in subsection (a) of this section (or the estate of such person) for any such injury. Any such person against whom such civil action or proceeding is brought shall deliver within such time after date of service or knowledge of service as determined by the Attorney General, all process served upon such person or an attested true copy thereof to such person's immediate superior or to whomever was designated by the Administrator to receive such papers and such person shall promptly furnish copies of the pleading and process therein to the United States Attorney for the district embracing the place wherein the proceeding is brought to the Attorney General and to the Administrator.

"(c) Removal of actions: certification by the Attorney General: remand to State court. Upon a certification by the Attorney General that any person described in subsection (a) of this section was acting in the scope of such person's duties or employment at the time of the incident out of which the suit arose, any such civil action or proceeding commenced in a State court shall be removed without bond at any time before trial by the Attorney General to the district court of the United States of the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending and the proceeding deemed a tort action brought against the United States under the provisions of title 28, and all references thereto. Should a United States district court determine on a hearing on a motion to remand held before a trial on the merits that the case so removed is one in which a remedy by suit within the meaning of subsection (a) of this section is not available against the United States, the case shall be remanded to the State court.

"(d) Compromise or settlement of claims. The Attorney General may compromise or settle any claim asserted in such civil action or proceeding in the manner provided in section 2677 of title 28, and with the same effect.

"(e) Applicability of other provisions of law. For purposes of this section, the provisions of section 2680(h) of title 28, shall not apply to any cause of action arising out of a negligent or wrongful act of omission in the performance of medical, dental, or related health care functions (including clinical studies and investigations).

"(f) Liability insurance for persons assigned to foreign countries for non-Federal agencies. The Administrator or his designee may, to the extent that the Administrator or his designee deem appropriate, hold harmless or provide liability insurance for any person described in subsection (a) of this section for damages for personal injury, including death, caused by such person's negligent or wrongful act or omission in the performance of medical, dental, or related health care functions (including clinical studies and investigations) while acting within the scope of such person's duties if such person is assigned to a foreign country or detailed for service with other than a Federal department, agency, or instrumentality or if the circumstances are such as are likely to preclude the remedies of third persons against the United States described in section 2679(b) of title 28, for such damage or injury.".

(Pub. L. 85-568, Title III, § 307, as added Pub. L. 94-464, § 3, Oct. 8, 1976, 90 Stat. 1988.)

E

TITLE 42-UNITED STATES CODE

STIC

NTEER

CHAPTER 66-DOMESTIC VOLUNTEER SERVICES

[Subsection (f) of the following section 5055 provides for an exclusive remedy against the United States when such a remedy is provided by 1346(b) and 2672 of title 28, or by "proceedings for compensation or other benefits from the United States by any other law" when such benefits preclude a tort remedy under title 28, and the injury giving rise to a claim is allegedly the result of malpractice or negligence of medical, dental, or paramedical personnel.]

§ 5055. Application of Federal law

(a) General rule

Except as provided in subsections (b), (c), (d), and (e) of this section, volunteers under this chapter shall not be deemed Federal employees and shall not be subject to the provisions of laws relating to Federal officers and employees and Federal employment.

(b) Specific Federal legislation

Individuals enrolled as volunteers for periods of full-time service, or, as the Director deems appropriate in accordance with regulations, for periods of part-time service of not less than 20 hours per week for not less than 26 consecutive weeks, under subchapter I of this chapter shall, with respect to such service or training, (1) for the purposes of subchapter III of chapter 73 of Title 5, be deemed persons employed in the executive branch of the Federal Government, (2) for the purposes of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.) and title II of the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 401 et seq.) be deemed employees of the United States, and any service performed by an individual as a volunteer (including training) shall be deemed to be performed in the employ of the United States, (3) for the purposes of the Federal Tort Claims provisions of Title 28, be deemed employees of the United States, (4) for the purposes of subchapter I of chapter 81 of Title 5 (relative to compensation to Federal employees for work injuries), shall be deemed civil employees of the United States within the meaning of the term "employee" as defined in section 8101 of Title 5, and the provisions of that subchapter shall apply except as follows: (A) in computing compensation benefits for disability or death, the annual rate of pay of a volunteer enrolled for a period of full-time service under such subchapter I of this chapter shall be deemed to be that received under the entrance salary for a grade GS-7 employee, and the annual rate of pay of a volunteer enrolled for a period of part-time service under such subchapter I of this chapter shall be deemed to be such entry salary or an appropriate portion thereof as determined by the Director, and subsections (a) and (b) of section 8113 of Title 5 shall apply, and (B) compensation for disability shall not begin to accrue until the day following the date on which the injured volunteer is terminated, and (5) be deemed employees of the United States for the purposes of section 5584 of Title 5, (and stipends and allowances paid under this chapter shall be considered as pay for such purposes).

(c) Subsequent government employment

Any period of service of a volunteer enrolled in a program for a period of service of at least one year under part A of subchapter I of this chapter, and any period of full-time service of a volunteer enrolled in a program for a period of service of at least one year under part B or C of subchapter I of this chapter, shall be credited in connection with subsequent employment in the same manner as a like period of civilian employment by the United States Government

(1) for the purposes of any Act establishing a retirement system for civilian employees of any United States Government agency; and

(2) except as otherwise determined by the President, for the purposes of determining seniority, reduction in force, and layoff rights, leave entitlement, and other rights and privileges based upon length of service under the laws administered by the Office of Personnel Management, the Foreign Service Act of 1980 [22 U.S.C. 3901 et seq.], and every other Act establishing or governing terms and conditions of service of civilian employees of the United States Government: Provided, That service of a volunteer shall not be credited toward completion of any probationary or trial period or completion of any service requirement for career appointment.

(d) Competitive service

Volunteers serving in programs for periods of service of at least one year under part A of subchapter I of this chapter, and volunteers serving for such periods under title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended (42 U.S.C. 2991-2994d), including those whose service was completed under such Act, who the Director determines, in accordance with regulations he shall prescribe, have successfully completed their periods of service, shall be eligible for appointment in the competitive service in the same manner as Peace Corps volunteers as prescribed in Executive Order Number 11103 (April 10, 1963). (e) Reference in other laws to service under provisions relating to Volunteers in Service to America deemed references to service under subchapter I of this chapter

Notwithstanding any other provision of law, all references in any other law to persons serving as volunteers under title VIII of the Economic Opportunity Act of 1964, as amended [42 U.S.C. 2991 et seq.] shall be deemed to be references to persons serving as full-time volunteers in a program of at least one year's duration under part A, B, or C of subchapter I of this chapter.

(f) Civil actions

(1) The remedy

(A) against the United States provided by sections 1346 (b) and 2672 of Title 28, or

(B) through proceedings for compensation or other benefits from the United States as provided by any other law, where the availability of such benefits precludes a remedy under section 1346(b) or 2672 of such Title 28,

for damages for personal injury, including death, allegedly arising from malpractice or negligence of a physician, dentist, podiatrist, optometrist, nurse, physician assistant, expanded-function dental auxiliary, pharmacist, or paramedical (for example, medical and dental technicians, nursing assistants, and therapists) or other supporting personnel in furnishing medical care or treatment while in the exercise of such person's duties as a volunteer enrolled under subchapter I of this chapter shall be exclusive of any other civil action or proceeding by reason of the same subject matter against such person (or such person's estate) whose action or omission gave rise to such claim.

(2) The Attorney General of the United States shall defend any civil action or proceeding brought in any court against any person referred to in paragraph (1) of this subsection (or such person's estate) for any such damage or injury. Any such person against whom such civil action or proceeding is brought shall deliver, within such time after date of service or knowledge of service as determined by the Attorney General, all process served upon such person or an attested true copy thereof to such person's immediate supervisor or to whom

ever is designated by the Director to receive such papers, and such person shall promptly furnish copies of the pleading and process therein to the United States attorney for the district embracing the place wherein the proceeding is brought and to the Attorney General. (3) Upon a certification by the Attorney General that the defendant was acting in the scope of such person's volunteer assignment at the time of the incident out of which the suit arose, any such civil action or proceeding commenced in a State court shall be removed without bond at any time before trial by the Attorney General to the district court of the United States of the district and division embracing the place wherein it is pending and the proceeding deemed a tort action brought against the United States under the provisions of Title 28, and all references thereto. After removal the United States shall have available all defenses to which it would have been entitled if the action had originally been commenced against the United States. Should a district court of the United States determine on a hearing on a motion to remand held before a trial on the merits that the volunteer whose act or omission gave rise to the suit was not acting within the scope of such person's volunteer assignment, the case shall be remanded to the State court.

(4) The Attorney General may compromise or settle any claim asserted in such civil action or proceeding in the manner provided in section 2677 of Title 28 and with the same effect.

(Pub. L. 93-113, Title IV, § 415, Oct. 1, 1973, 87 Stat. 411; Pub. L. 96143, §§ 11, 18(c) (2), Dec. 13, 1979, 93 Stat. 1078, 1083; Pub. L. 96-465, Title II, §§ 2206(h), Oct. 17, 1980, 94 Stat. 2163.)

CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

MERITORIOUS CLAIMS ACT

TITLE 31.-UNITED STATES CODE-MONEY AND FINANCE

Sec.

CHAPTER 37-CLAIMS

SUBCHAPTER I-GENERAL

3701. Definitions and application.

3702. Authority of the Comptroller General to settle claims.

SUBCHAPTER II-CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT

3721. Claims of personnel of agencies and the District of Columbia government for personal property damage or loss.

3722. Claims of officers and employees at Government penal and correctional institutions.

3723. Small claims for privately owned property damage or loss. 3724. Claims for damages caused by the Federal Bureau of Investiga

tion.

3725. Claims of non-nationals for personal injury or death in a foreign country.

3726. Payment for transportation.

3727. Assignments of claims.

3728. Setoff against judgment.

3729. False claims.

3730. Civil actions for false claims.

3731. False claims procedure.

SUBCHAPTER I—GENERAL

§ 3701. Definitions and application

(a) In this chapter

(1) "administrative offset" means withholding money payable by the United States Government to, or held by the Government for, a person to satisfy a debt the person owes the Government. (2) "calendar quarter" means a 3-month period beginning on January 1, April 1, July 1, or October 1.

(3) "consumer reporting agency" means—

(A) a consumer reporting agency as that term is defined in section 603 f) of the Fair Credit Reporting Act (15 U.S.C. 1681a(f)); or

(B) a person that, for money or on a cooperative basis, regularly

(i) gets information on consumers to give the information to a consumer reporting agency, or

(ii) serves as a marketing agent under an arrangement allowing a third party to get the information from a consumer reporting agency.

(4) "executive or legislative agency" means a department, agency, or instrumentality in the executive or legislative branch of the Government.

(5) "military department” means the Departments of the Army, Navy, and Air Force.

(6) “system of records" has the same meaning given that term in section 552(a)(5) of title 5.

(7) "uniformed services" means the Army, Navy, Air Force, Marine Corps, Coast Guard, Commissioned Corps of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, and Commissioned Corps of the Public Health Service.

(b) In subchapter II of this chapter, “claim” includes amounts owing on account of loans insured or guaranteed by the Government and other amounts due the Government.

(c) In sections 3716 and 3717 of this title, "person" does not include an agency of the United States Government, of a State government, or of a unit of general local government.

(d) Sections 3711(f) and 3716–3719 of this title do not apply to a claim or debt under, or to an amount payable under, the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (26 U.S.C. 1 et seq.), the Social Security Act (42 U.S.C. 301 et seq.), or the tariff laws of the United States.

(Pub. L. 97-258, Sept. 13, 1982, 86 Stat. 970: Pub. L. 97-452, § 1(13) (A), Jan. 12, 1983, 96 Stat. 2469.)

§ 3702. Authority of the Comptroller General to settle claims

(a) Except as provided in this chapter or another law, the Comptroller General shall settle all claims of or against the United States Government. A claim that was not administratively examined before submission to the Comptroller General shall be examined by 2 officers or employees of the General Accounting Office independently of each other.

(b)(1) A claim against the Government presented under this section must contain the signature and address of the claimant or an authorized representative. The claim must be received by the Comptroller General within 6 years after the claim accrues except—

(A) as provided in this chapter or another law; or

(B) a claim of a State, the District of Columbia, or a territory or possession of the United States.

(2) When the claim of a member of the armed forces accrues during war or within 5 years before war begins, the claim must be presented to the Comptroller General within 5 years after peace is established