ARTICLES. IMPORTS INTO CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 80, 1866. 25 176,189 156,450 107,260 566 75 121,782 92,825 45,340 5,645 $29,217 1,447 $1,261,780 2,007,756 18 15,856 51,586 30 6,406 384 24,976,506 20,878,587 71,649 2,019 8,151 1,501 17,062 5,061 494 21,049 85 901,510 295,115 874,074 4,930,418 58 481 2,582,615 2,166,347 1,811 28 5,191,842 9,981 855,859 37 86,894 53 255,076 28 15,335,201 5,181,858 3,515,097 619,669 710 10,880,667 88,427 63,034 167,597 1,810,615 7,830,724 83 $1,215,090 $398,810 $1,810,615 $7,830,724 83 VOL. VI.-6 ARTICLES. EXPORTS FROM CANADA FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDING JUNE 80, 1866. $422,570 $199,345 $614 $222,611 Fisheries 980,811 114,154 76,433 $19,026 171,908 Forest... 13,846,986 $598,790 7,144,317 80,089 10,894 6,461,015 $111,174 $32,035 57,962 12,682,683 1,826,055 166,990 11,184,741 68 Agricultural Products.... 4,529 16,651,074 2,217,975 1,114,049 6,394 18,298,008 400 Manufactures 14,248 989,936 168,780 164,749 27,827 604,335 40 Coin and Bullion. 24,205 2,397,591 214,973 2,182,618 Other Articles.. 668,815 4,556 18,192 352 Total value of exports.. Fifty-eight vessels built at Quebec, during the fiscal year ending 30th June, 1866. Thirty-eight: 27,258 tons, at $40 per ton; and twenty: 18,857 tons, at $38 per 48,639,966 11,390,155 1,571,116 645,025 63,993 84,770,261 IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF NEW BRUNSWICK, NOVA SCOTIA, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, AND NEWFOUNDLAND, FOR BURGESS, GEORGE, D. D., bishop of the Protestant Episcopal Church for the Diocese of Maine, an American clergyman, scholar, and poet, born in Providence, R. I., October 31, 1809; died at sea on the deck of the brig Jane, a few miles from the harbor of Miragoáne, Hayti, April 23, 1866. Bishop Burgess was a son of the Hon. Thomas Burgess, a judge of the Court of Common Pleas of Rhode Island, and a jurist of great learning and distinction. The early education of the future bishop was acquired in the Grammar School of Brown University in his native city, and he entered the university in 1822, when not quite thirteen years of age, graduated as valedictorian of his class in 1826, the youngest member of the class, which contained an unusual number of eminent men. He entered his father's office as a law student soon after his graduation, and continued the study of the law for three years, being, however, tutor in the university for two years of the time. Having attained the age of twenty years, he was dissatisfied with the legal profession, and his tastes as well as his religious views inclining him to the ministry, he sailed for Europe, and during the next three years studied theology at Göttingen, Bonn, Halle, Heidelberg, and Berlin. Returning to this country in the spring of 1833, he was ordained deacon by Bishop Griswold in June of that year, and the following autumn took charge of Christ Church parish, Hartford, Conn. He was ordained priest by Bishop Brownell early in 1834, and was rector of Christ Church till 1847, when, on his birthday, October 31st, he was consecrated bishop of the diocese of Maine, accepting at the same time the rectorship of Christ Church, Gardiner, Me., 1,512,825 5,556,630 which office he held up to the time of his decease. As an author he was favorably known. Among his published poems are two academical pieces, "The Strife of Brothers," and "The Martyrdom of St. Peter and St. Paul," the centennial hymn for the hundredth anniversary of the founding of Brown University, and a metrical version of a portion of the Psalms. He had within the last three or four years prepared a new poetical translation of the Psalms, which has not been published. His principal prose works were "Pages from the Ecclesiastical History of New England," "The Last Enemy Conquering and Conquered," and a volume of sermons on "The Christian Life." He received the honorary degree of D. D. from Union College in 1847, and the same year also from his alma mater. Bishop Burgess was a man of fine culture, and in some directions of elegant and profound scholarship. He was an excellent Hebrew scholar, was thoroughly versed in the classics, and surpassed by few in his familiarity with English literature. He was also well versed in history, and in ecclesiastical history was an authority. His prose writings were marked by clearness, terseness, and elegance of style. His poems were melodious, polished, and gave evidence of poetic feeling, but lack somewhat in poetic fire and inspiration. As a preacher he was not so popular as he deserved to be. This was perhaps, in part, due to the fact that, while the style and thought of his discourse were always admirable, and his delivery t times impressive, there was a lack of that kindling life and enthusiasm which powerfully engages the mind, stirs the heart, and, finally, sweeps every thing before it. As a bishop, he had charge of a great extent of territory, with but about twenty parishes widely scattered over it, and while to the severe diocesan labors thus thrown upon him were added the pastoral cares of a large parish, he performed all his duties faithfully and conscientiously, shrinking from no burden or toil, if only he might promote the cause he had at heart. In the House of Bishops he occupied a prominent position, one due more to his intellectual superiority than to any other circumstances. Of late he had been regarded as decidedly the leader of the moderate church party in that house, though considerably younger than some of the bishops of that party. His mind was so carefully disciplined, and his habits of thought so accurate and thoroughly trained, that he could be relied upon at any time for the preparation of any important paper where accuracy and gives the following account: "On the 2d of promptness were equally requisite. His char- August, in the afternoon, two sons of the King acter was remarkable for its symmetry. In of Burmah, the Mengoon prince, twenty-three him no faculty was dwarfed or unbalanced, but years old, and his brother, seventeen years old, all the powers of his mind existed and acted to- with some forty chosen men, rushed to the gether in entire harmony. He was not great in palace of their uncle, who was heir apparent, any one particular, yet the nice polish, and and murdered him, and then two half-brothers enlture, and evenness everywhere apparent, and several of the principal ministers of state, alone served to point him out in the community and, no doubt, every distinguished man susas no common man. In him were seen an ardent pected of stern, unyielding attachment to the imagination and high poetic fancy existing in king. Two of the king's most trusted ministers connection with all the attributes of a pre--the Pabay Mengee, and Loung Shay Mengee eminently calm, clear, judicial mind. His life was beyond reproach. His deep and unaffected piety gave color and glow to every action and modified every thought. His death was very sudden. He had sought the climate of the West Indies in the autumn of 1865, in the hope of improving his health, and obtaining relief from a troublesome throat affection. His general health had somewhat improved, but his throat was still seriously affected. He had been busy, however, in promoting an Episcopal mission in Hayti. He had turned his face homeward, was on his way from Miragoáne to Port au Prince, when he was suddenly seized with a profound paralysis, and died in a moment. "It was," says one of his friends, "less like death than like a translation." BURMAH, a country in Farther India. In consequence of a war with England, which terminated in 1826, the provinces of Aracan, Yé, Tavoy, Mergui, and part of Martaban, were annexed to British India, to which, in 1853, Pegu and its provinces were added. In 1862 the Burmese provinces annexed to India, together embracing 90,070 English square miles, and 1,897,897 inhabitants, were erected into the province of British Burmah. The part which remained independent and now constitutes the kingdom of Burmah, contains about 190,000 English square miles, with 4,000,000 inhabitants. It is composed of the kingdoms of Burmah and Pong, with portions of the countries inhabited by the Khyen, and the Shan countries and the Kubo valley (Munipoor) reannexed to it by treaty with the British in 1834. The government is hereditary and despotic; the sovereign is assisted by a council of the nobility, over whom he has a kind of feudal jurisdiction, and the titles of the latter are not hereditary. The religion of the mass of the inhabitants is Boodhism. The Khyens and other wild tribes have a special idolatry of their own. In 1866 Burmah was again the scene of a revolution (the fourth since 1836), of which the Rev. Mr. Kincaid, who was for many years a prominent Baptist missionary in that country, **C. Ritter (Erdkunde con Asien, vol. iv.) gave to Burmah 400,000 inhabitants. Capt. Yule (A Narrative to the Court of Ava in 1835, London, 1859) regarded this figure as too high, and he estimated the population of Burmah Proper from 24 north latitude to the frontier of the British possessions at to more than 1,200,000, and that of the whole Burmese empire in the widest sense of the word, at no more than 3,600,More recently Dr. C. Williams (Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, 1564, No. 4) again estimates the population at 4,000,000,"Geogr. Jahrbuch for 1966, p. 67. appears to have been among the first who were cut down by the assassins. They were highly respected by all foreigners as well as by the natives. They were comparatively young men, and during the past fifteen years had risen step by step to the highest rank of the nobility. Two or three half-brothers of the rebel princes made their escape, and one, the Thongzai prince, had reached the Shan states, east of the capital. Several governors of distant provinces were assassinated, and so soon after the explosion in the capital that there can hardly be any doubt of a carefully laid and promptly executed plan for overthrowing the king's government. The king himself appears to have been left helpless in the palace. Very likely the men still around the king were in the secret, but, with consummate hypocrisy, pretending the greatest alarm and anxiety. The king has some thirty or thirty-five sons, and as many daughters, the larger number under twelve years old. All, or nearly all, the sons will perish by the hands of assassins. Political necessity is the excuse for such barbarous proceedings. The two young princes, who seem to be the leaders in this reign of terror,' are only the tools of a few ambitious inen, and probably behind them, a few still more ambitious women; and among these women, the mother of the two young princes is no doubt the prime mover in this revolution. The two young princes, with a body of men, after the execution of all persons supposed to be in their way, took a steamer and went down the river. Stopping at all the principal towns, they took the governor and chief men away, replacing them by creatures of their own. It seems they halted at Menthla, a large town and capital of a large district bordering on British Burmah. Here they took up their quarters, but dispatched the steamer with letters to Colonel Phayre, the chief commissioner of British Burmah. All or nearly all the foreigners left the capital for Rangoon, in British Burmah, and among them the English resident at the court of Ava." One of Messrs. Todd, Findlay, & Co.'s steamers with a large flat in tow, was at the city, and the foreigners succeeded in making their escape. Possibly they might have remained in safety, but it was hazardous when all government was broken up. The latest accounts received from Burmah (up to November, 1866) state that the revolution had been suppressed. British Burmah is the seat of flourishing Baptist missions (on which see ANNUAL CYCLOPEDIA for 1865, page 107, and the article BAPTIST, in the present volume). BURTON, Rev. WARREN, a Unitarian clergyman, lecturer, and author, born in Wilton, N. H., November 23, 1800; died at Salem, Mass., June 6, 1866. With no better previous advantages than a district school, he achieved by himself a preparation for college, with the occasional instructions of a parish minister who lived two miles distant, and entered Harvard College in 1817, graduating with distinction in 1821. After the usual probation of teaching, he entered the Theological School at Cambridge, where his course of study was interrupted by ill-health, and during absence from the school he preached as an evangelist, by permission of the faculty. In 1826 he completed his theological course, and was ordained as the first pastor of a new Unitarian society in East Cambridge, March 5, 1828, but resigned his charge June 7, 1829. He was not again settled, for he preferred the temporary charge of societies to an actual settlement. On the first of August, 1844, he entered on the duties of a ministry at large in Boston. This ministry ceased in the autumn of 1848, leaving on his mind the im CALIFORNIA, one of the Pacific States of the Union, having Oregon on the north, Nevada and Arizona on the east, Lower California on the south, and the Pacific Ocean on the west. It was admitted to the Union September 9, 1850. Its actual area, long in doubt, in consequence of the disputed boundary between it and Nevada, has at last been fixed at 188,981 square miles. Its population in 1860 was 379,994, and is now estimated in round numbers at 500,000. There are forty-nine organized counties in the State. The Governor, till January, 1868, is Frederick F. Low, whose official residence is at Sacramento, the capital. His salary is $7,000 in gold. The Legislature meets biennially, its members being chosen in the odd years, 1865, 1867, 1869, etc. There was no general election held during the year 1866. The Legislature, elected in 1865, had 32 Union Republicans and 8 Democrats in the Senate, and 61 Union Republicans, and 19 Democrats in the House. The latest general election held in the State was a special one for justice of the Supreme Court, held October 18, 1865, when Sanderson, the Republican candidate, received 33,221 votes, and Hartley, the Democratic candidate, 26,245. C pression that reform in the homes of the people was much needed. To this end, he lectured in various places until called to the ministry at large, and the chaplaincy of the prison in Worcester, on which duties he entered in April, 1849. At the close of the year he resigned the ministry, and gave himself wholly to the cause of education in the home, for the remainder of his life. He was chaplain to the State Senate in 1852, and to the House in 1858 and 1860; also to the State convention in 1853. His efforts in the cause of education were unwearied. His "District School as it Was," from its lively and spirited pictures of the wretched condition of the common, school in the rural portions of New England, greatly aided in revolutionizing public sentiment and public action in rural school edifices and management. His lecture on "Scenery Showing; or, Word Painting of the Beautiful, Picturesque, and Grand in Nature," opened a new field of educational discussion and practice. He was also the author of "Helps to Education in the Homes of our Country," a volume of 368 pages, published in 1863, and containing a series of subjects of the highest practical value, discussed in a most interesting and masterly manner. From the report of the special commissioner, Mr. J. Ross Browne, made in January, 1867. we gather the following items relative to California. The product of gold in the State has been decreasing for thirteen years; placer mining has fallen to a very small aggregate, and hy draulic washing for gold is less profitable and productive than formerly. The yield of the quartz-mines is slowly increasing. There are 66 quartz-mills in the State, not all of them, however, now in operation. Of these 52 are propelled by water, 11 by steam, and 3 by water and steam. The product of gold in the State in 1866, partly estimated, was set down in round numbers at $25,000,000. Very little silver has been mined in California separately from that contained in the gold. Copper is becoming an important product of the State. The following table shows the exportation of copper ores from San Francisco since 1862: Mining is still the most important interest 1865.. in California, though agriculture and manufactures are gaining upon it. The mineral products of California, as well as those of the other States and Territories of the Pacific slope, have been made the subject of special investigation during the past year by the United States Government. 17,787 7,676 3,415 10,384 21,476 The quicksilver mines of California are known as the New Almaden mines, and have been open since 1850. In August, 1863, a period of ten years and eleven months, the total amount of ore consumed was 102,313,442 pounds, and the Borax was discovered in California in 1856, and since that time but one company has been formed for its production. About two tons of crystal are produced daily. In agriculture the State has made considerable progress; the culture of the vine is increasing with great rapidity, and the pure wines and brandies from the Pacific coast are rapidly coming into favor in the Eastern markets. Three hundred varieties of the grape have been successfully cultivated in the State, including all the choicest varieties of wine-producing grapes in Europe; and so diversified is the surface and climate of the State, that every variety of wine which can be produced in European vineyards, from the light Rhenish wines and clarets to the heavy-bodied sherry, port, and Madeira, can be produced of better quality than in Europe, from the greater richness of the soil and dryness of the climate. The vineyards of the sierras, being mostly on a volcanic soil, rival the southern Italian and Sicilian vineyards in their production. The vine in California is not subject to the idium, or grape-disease, which has proved so destructive in Europe; nor is it liable to mildew. In Europe the wine crop is a failure as often as one year out of three; in California it seldom or never fails, and the yield is uniformly much larger than that of the best years in Europe. The number of vines already setall of which will be in full bearing in three years-is estimated at twenty-five millions. The varieties of wine exported, thus far, are hock, champagne, port, and claret; the last exported the past year for the first time. The wine-growers also export Muscatel and Angelica, which are not properly wines, though ranked as such, being made by the addition of sufficient brandy to the clarified must or unfermented wine to keep it from fermenting. These contain usually 18 or 19 per cent. of alcohol. The wheat product of the State is large, and is constantly increasing. It comprises 34 per 33,747 26,014 36,918 41,800 45,900 cent. of the entire agricultural product of the State, and the yield per acre is astonishing. The wheat of California is especially rich in gluten, surpassing in this quality the highly-prized Southern flour. The barley crop is also large, exceeding hitherto wheat or any other grain crop, and forming 39 per cent. of the agricultural product of the State. A yield of 60 bushels to the acre is not uncommon, and in the valley of Pajaro 14,900 bushels were raised from 100 acres an average of 149 bushels to the acre-by Mr. J. B. Hill. The root crops are enormous, and of excellent quality, as are most of the fruits. Within the past three years, and mainly in consequence of the earnest efforts of Mr. L. M. Prevost, the attention of agriculturists has been turned to silk culture. The climate of California is admirably adapted to this crop. The morus multicaulis grows with great rapidity, and yields an immense quantity of leaves, and the worms feed on them with avidity. The worm is very healthy, and produces cocoons of excellent quality. Eight hundred thousand cocoons were brought into market in 1865, and it was thought that six times that quantity would be produced in 1866. Two large silk factories have been established in the State, and the Californians hope, in a very few years, to cease the importation of silk. The manufactures of California are fast attaining a magnitude which, in the older States, has been reached only by many years of slow growth. Woollen manufactures take a high rank. Three million pounds of wool raised on the Pacific slope, besides considerable quantities imported, were used to supply the woollen mills of the State. The principal articles manufactured were blankets, not simply the Mexican serapé, but army and other blankets of great excellence. The Government ordered these largely for the army during the war, as being superior to those obtainable elsewhere. Some |