MICHIGAN. The receipts into the State treasury during the fiscal year, ending November 30, 1866, were $2,379,389.98. Expenditures, $1.791,385.18; leaving balance in the treasury of $579,004.80, which was $111,605.51 in excess of that at the commencement of the year. The total funded and fundable debt amounts to $3,979,921.25, an increase during the year of less than the increase of cash in the treasury, notwithstanding the heavy expenditures for bounties and other war purposes. The increase of the State debt during the war was about $1,000,000 only. The demands of the State against the national Government for military expenditures are still unsettled, but the settlement is being vigorously urged by the State authorities. The Auditor-General estimates that in future the receipts on account of the educational funds, and the tax derived from the sinking fund (three-sixteenths of a mill on the taxable property), will be sufficient to pay the various items of indebtedness as they fall due. All the educational funds are received by the State as trustee, and the interest applied annually to the purposes to which the funds are devoted. The amount of each of the funds, including sums due from purchasers on land contracts, is now as follows:

University fund..
Normal School fund.
Primary School fund...

$539,270 62 65,996 69 2,175,025 42 The taxes levied on property for all purposes during the year were $581,922.97, on an assessed valuation of about $308,000,000. Specific taxes were collected as follows, besides those paid by mining companies in the counties: from railroad companies, $160,667.14; from banks, $900; from insurance companies, $40,039.74. Only one bank is now in operation under the State laws, and this issues no bills. The tolls collected at the Saut Ste. Marie Canal were $23,069.54. The official estimates for the ensuing fiscal year are: receipts, $1,622,127.77; expenditures, including $511,379.85 on account of State indebtedness, $1,031,133.60.

The Republican State Convention met at Detroit, August 30th, and, besides resolutions complimentary to the soldiers of the Union, the State administration, and the State delegation in Congress, adopted the following:

Resolved, That, defeated in the field, the enemy has renewed the struggle through the ballot-box, and by political machinations aims at the governance of that which it failed to destroy. In this crisis, it behooves us to stand together as firmly as in the suppression of the rebellion, and relying upon those who, in the peril of the Republic, proved themselves worthy of our trust, go straight onward with the loyal masses of the country, confident that the same wisdom, energy, and fidelity, that sufficed to save us from our armed foes, will protect us against the stratagems of our political opponents, and that through the triumph of our principles, the Union of our fathers, newly cemented by the blood of their children, will be firmly established on the enduring foundation of justice and liberty.

Resolved, That, by their acts of treason and rebellion, and by their erection of governments in hostility to the United States, the rebel communities dis

rupted their civil society, abrogated their political institutions, and left their States without governments known to the Constitution, or recognized by the Government of the United States; that to Congress alone belongs the imperative duty of declaring when any such State is properly reorganized, and any government therein is legitimately constituted, so as to resume its former political relations with the National Government, and of deciding when Senators and Representatives from any such State are entitled to admission; that in the determination of such questions it is the right, as the duty of Congress to guard against future danger to the peace and stability of the Republic, and such State ought to be recognized as fit to enjoy the privileges belonging to any State in this Union, only when the people thereof shall have by their conduct given clear and satisfactory proof that they loyally accept the situation, and have evinced an honest disposition to abide by the results cal defeat, but in the triumph of the great prinof the conflict, not only as involved in their physi ciples which have been maintained and settled by the

war.

Resolved, That, in the rehabilitation of the rebel

communities, it is the first and highest duty of the Government to look to and provide for the protec tion of those who under persecution and oppres sion remained loyal to the United States, and that as one result of the struggle has been the emancipation of millions of human beings, who are in a great degree incapable of self-protection in the midst of a hostile element, no scheme of restoration ought to be approved which leaves them naked to their rebel enemies; since, as citizens of the United States, they are entitled to its protection in securing equality before the law in the maintenance of life, liberty, and property, the common and inalienable rights of mankind.

Resolved, That we approve the constitutional amendment lately proposed by Congress for the acceptance of the States. The change in basis of rep resentation is imperatively demanded by the altered clusion from office of leading rebels and actual percondition of the people of the nation; and the exjured traitors, is not only a measure of justice and security eminently proper, but of unexampled mercy, as the mildest and most generous terms of amnesty and oblivion ever offered to a rebellious

enemy.

Resolved, That, while it is the duty of the United States to cause existing neutrality laws to be respected, yet it is not required that those laws shall be so framed as to render special benefits to other nations, which are not accorded to us by them, and especially are we not bound to be particularly regardful of the interests of those nations that during our late civil struggle manifested an unfriendly spirit towards us, and an undue bias in favor of our enemies; and we, therefore, ask the Congress of the

United States to review those statutes, and cause them to conform to the strict rule of justice and fair neutrality.

Resolved, That we most heartily sympathize with the movement of the laboring men of our country to shorten the hours of toil, and we believe that legislation for the accomplishment of this object will aid to improve the condition of the working classes, and be in no wise detrimental to the interests of the country or to capital.

Resolved, That we regard the conditions embraced in the Congressional pian of reconstruction as fundamental, and indispensable to the future peace of the country, and securing as they do by constitutional amendment the civil rights of all citizens of the United States, the right of life, liberty, and property, everywhere under the flag-the exclusion of such traitors as, while in high places, committed perjury to enact treason-representation in Congress that shall be equal and just to all-the guaranty and security of the national debt-these propositions, one and all,

meet our hearty concurrence, and we pledge unending hostility to any and every plan of reconstruction that will not fully secure these great results of the

war.

Resolved, That we scout and scorn, as unworthy of freemen, that political blasphemy which says, "This is the white man's Government." It is not the white man's Government, nor the black man's Government. It is God's Government made for man! And all men who are true and loyal to it, of whatever race or country, color, or condition, shall have, under its triumphant and glorious flag, all those great and inalienable rights that belong to man as man!

The convention put in nomination a State ticket, headed by Henry H. Crapo for Governor, and composed in great part of returned soldiers. The Johnson State Convention was held September 5th, and nominated a ticket, headed by General Alpheus S. Williams for Governor, his associates being also nearly all returned soldiers. This convention adopted the following resolutions:

Resolved, That the National Union party of Michigan accept the declaration of principles and address of the Philadelphia Convention, of August 14th, as the expression of its views upon the great questions involved in the present political contest. Resolved, That the admission of loyal men into the

Congress from all the States is essential to the complete restoration of the Federal Union and the maintenance of the Constitution upon which the Union is founded.

Resolved, That in the nominations submitted by this convention, the soldiers of Michigan have the best expression of the high estimation in which we hold the noble defenders of the integrity of the

Union.

The Democratic State Convention met on the following day, and adopted this ticket, with a single exception. The convention also adopted the following resolutions, besides one complimentary to the soldiers:

We, the Democratic Convention of the State of

Michigan, assembled to make nominations for State officers, and to consider the perils which surround us, believing, as we do, that our country is threatened by an unscrupulous faction in Congress, who propose to hold power at all hazards, and in violation of all law, and who, unless arrested, will precipitate another war upon us, more deadly than the last, and being desirous to unite with every good citizen in this crisis, shoulder to shoulder, without regard to antecedents, for our preservation, if not existence; we, therefore, in the language of the National Union Convention, composed of the loyal men from all sections of our beloved land, held at Philadelphia on August 14th, say:

[Here follows the platform of the convention in Philadelphia (see UNITED STATES), which, with the address, was indorsed.]

Resolved, That the members of the present convention, in seeking and obtaining seats in that body, were honorably pledged to be content with the liberal compensation provided by their existing laws; that the condition of the people, already borne down by previous taxation, made the observance of this fact an imperative and sacred duty; that the recent act of Congress, by which members voted into their own pockets a double salary, was an act of sordid avarice and cupidity. We hold it up as a reproach to decency, honor, and public virtue, and we cordially invite every pure and just man in this State to aid in driving from their seats those representatives

from Michigan who polluted themselves by this shameful plunder of the public treasury.

Resolved, That the Democracy are necessarily the true representatives of the laboring classes, and we view with deep concern the heavy burdens which wasteful and partial legislation, and a vicious s tem of currency, have imposed upon them; we will steadily aid all measures which will abridge ther hours of toil, which will improve their opportunities for intellectual and moral cultivation, which will see cure the public lands to the actual settlers, or which will in any way ameliorate and elevate the condition, of the laboring masses.

Resolved, That in view of the momentous issue now pending, the safety and salvation of the Union by a racy of the State, in making the nominations to-day, complete restoration, this convention of the demoe has felt it a duty to rise above mere party action We present to the people of the State a ticket of loyal men and pure patriots, men who, if now elected, will consummate in the councils of the State the great their lives in the field. And we therefore invite work for which they shed their blood and perilled all true, loyal, and patriotic men, whatever their previous party connections, to rally to the support of the "National Union ticket" now presented to them.

The general election was held on the first Tuesday in November. Whole number of votes cast for Governor, 164,454; for Crapo, Repub lican, 96,746; for Williams, 67,708. Republi can majority, 29,038. The majority for the other Republican nominees was somewhat larger. At the same time was submitted to the people an amendment to the constitution, allowing soldiers, when in the service away from their places of residence, to vote, which was carried by 86,354 votes against 13,094. The proposition to call a State convention for revision of the constitution was also adopted by 79,505 votes against 28,623.

The vote above given is exclusive of two wards in the city of Detroit, rejected for alleged irregularities, and which, if counted. would have increased the majority for Crapo 456.

The Legislature, chosen at the same time, was divided between the two parties as follows:

treason, was abolished in Michigan twenty years ago, and repeated efforts to restore it since have proved ineffectual. Solitary imprisonment for life is the punishment substituted in case of murder in the first degree. In 1849, under the impression that solitary confinement superinduced insanity, authority was given to the State prison inspectors, in their discretion, to employ this class of convicts with the others, and this has been done to a considerable extent. In their report for the current year the inspectors say that, "so far as we can learn, there is nothing in the history of prisoners in this institution to sustain the opinion that solitary confinement superinduces insanity. There is no case on record where a prisoner first developed insanity while in solitary confinement here." The labor of convicts in the State prison is let by contract to the highest bidder, but the amount thus realized falls far short of the current expenses. The expenditures for 1866 were $105,919.19, while the receipts for convict labor were only $33,651.23. The contracts, however, were let during the war at low rates, varying from 28 to 50 cents per day, which are expected to be greatly increased for the next year. Only three prisoners were pardoned by the Governor. In his annual message he discusses the pardoning power at some length, and says that he is "clearly of the opinion that the executive has no right to annul or make void, by an exercise of the pardoning power, the acts and decisions of the judicial tribunals, in the trial, conviction, and sentence of any person, unless in one of two events: 1. The discovery of such new facts as would, if proved upon the trial, have established the innocence of the accused; or, 2. Such as would have mitigated the offence as proved, and thereby entitled him to a less penalty than that which has been adjudged." These views have been sharply criticised in the public prints by a writer, understood to be an ex-governor of the State, who considers them as excluding all idea of pardon in the proper sense of the term, and as conceding to the convict only that strict justice which he may demand as a right.

The State Reform School reports an increase of inmates during the year from 217 to 259. Under the law none are sent to this institution who are over sixeeen years of age, and the average age of those received is thirteen and a quarter. They have hitherto for the most part been employed in chair and hat making, but the institution has now a farm of one hundred and thirty-four acres, upon which considerable labor has been expended by inmates during the year. The Reform School is what its name imports, and an earnest effort is made to instruct and save the younger class of offenders against the laws, a large proportion of whom are orphans, many of them made such by the war. A great loss was sustained toward the close of the year in the death of Cephas B. Robinson, superintendent.

The school system of Michigan is justly the pride of the State, it being essentially a free system, under which any child may obtain an education as complete as can be obtained elsewhere in the country. The common schools are free. Every town of importance has its graded union school, in which boys can be prepared for the university at a very small expense, and the normal school at Ypsilanti is turning out every year a large number of teachers well drilled in the theory of their profession.

The number of children in the State between the ages of five and twenty is 321,311. Increase within the year, 22,704—a larger increase than ever in one year before. The number attending the common schools, 246,957 -an increase over 1865 of 18,328. Value of school-houses, $2,854,990; increase, $499,008; teachers, male, 1,687; female, 7,495; expenditures for schools, $1,587,104.12; students at the normal school, 595; at the agricultural college, 108. The attendance at the university and the degrees conferred were as follows:

No preparatory school is connected with the university-the union schools of the State supplying that want and the standard for admission is as high as that for any other institution in the country. The students for the year represented twenty-two states and all the Canadian provinces.

Besides the institutions above mentioned, there are denominational colleges at Hillsdale, Kalamazoo, Albion, Adrian and Olivet, in which males and females are educated together. The attendance in these was as follows: Hillsdale, 609; Kalamazoo, 217; Albion, 292; Adrian, 369; Olivet, 346. The great majority of pupils in each of these institutions is in the preparatory department.

In the State Asylum for the Insane at Kalamazoo, 298 patients were treated during the year, of whom 43 were discharged fully recovered and 19 with marked improvement; 32 died, and 32 left without improvement. The whole number treated since the asylum was opened is 607, of whom 273 were males, 334 females, 301 married, 263 unmarried, and 43 widows or widowers. Of these, 178 recovered, 76 were improved, 102 unimproved, 79 died, and 172 remain in the asylum. This institution, as well as the Asylum for the Deaf, Dumb, and Blind, at Flint, is filled to its utmost capacity, and considerable assistance is asked from the State to increase the buildings for both.

The wheat crop, especially in the two southern tiers of counties, was considerably less than usual, and a portion of it was gathered in bad condition. The total crop of the State did not probably exceed 12,000,000, or three-fourths a full

crop. The quality of Michigan wheat is superior, but the tendency of late years has been to increase the relative production of the Mediterranean, as more profitable than the white varieties. Almost all the wheat raised in the State is winter wheat. Very little remained in the hands of producers at the end of the year, beyond what the neighborhood wants demanded; the high prices having had the effect of bringing nearly the whole surplus into the market. All the spring crops were better than an average, but the means are not at hand for a careful estimate of quantities.

Of wool, the Michigan Central Railroad Company shipped 5,282,000 pounds, against 6,792,000 in 1865. A large number of sheep were sent from Michigan to Iowa and other Western States, but there was probably no decrease in the clip from the preceding year, as old stores were brought out in 1865, while in the following year the low prices induced many producers to withhold from sales. The clip for the year is estimated at 9,750,000 lbs.—an increase of about 2,500,000 since the State census of 1864.

The fruit crop was much below an average. The quantity of apples exported did not probably exceed 225,000 barrels. The production is increasing steadily and rapidly. Very few peaches are now raised, except on the shores of Lake Michigan. A careful estimate places the whole crop of this region, for the year 1865, at 75,000 baskets, of which 60,000 baskets were shipped from St. Joseph at an average price of $2 per basket at that point. In 1866 the shipment fell to ten thousand baskets at an average price of $3. In the Grand River Valley the falling off was not so marked as farther south, and a considerable quantity was sold in the interior of the State, of which only vague estimates could be formed. It is estimated that 250,000 bearing peach-trees are now growing along the eastern shore of Lake Michigan, on 1,600 acres of land. Pears, plums, and the common cherries, are grown throughout the State, and the production of grapes upon Lake Michigan and the Detroit River is being rapidly extended.

The lumber trade was very active, and the amount cut largely in excess of that in 1865. In the Saginaw Valley alone, a carefully prepared statement in the Detroit Advertiser and Tribune estimates the amount manufactured at 340,307,609 feet, besides 63,000 M. shingles and 6,000,000 staves. In the Muskegon Valley the manufacture exceeded 200,000,000 feet, and at Port Huron and vicinity 40,000,000. It would be safe to estimate the increased manufacture for the year at 30 per cent., and the total at 1,125,000,000 feet.

Plaster shipped from Grand Rapids for the year, 27,000 tons. This has heretofore been the point of supply for the larger portion of the State, but the opening of beds at Tawas Bay, is bringing active competition from that quarter.

The amount of salt produced in the Saginaw Valley for the year, was 407,997 barrels, against 530,000 for 1865. Prices ruled low, and many of

the works were allowed to lie idle for a portion of the time. The manufacture is mainly in kettles, but solar evaporation is also made use of to some extent. There are salt wells at Port Austin and St. Clair, which are being worked profitably but not largely, while those at Grand Rapids have been abandoned as unprofitable, and the experiments at Corunna, Lansing, Flint, and other points, did not prove satisfactory.

The production of copper for the year, as reported to the auditor-general, was only a fraction over 4,132 tons; but a number of companies did not report, and the whole production was probably about 7,500 tons. Mining in the Lake Superior region was dull through the year; the high price of labor compared with the returns being the cause. Coal mining in the interior of the State is being extended slowly, principally at Jackson and Corunna. The coal is bituminous, and used mainly for manufacturing purposes.

The statistics of iron mining show: tons of ore produced, 296,872; tons of pig iron, 18,437. These are not complete, and only approximate the true amount. The same causes which affected the production of copper, influenced that of iron also.

The Jackson and Saginaw Railroad Company has, during the year, constructed its road from Jackson to Lansing, thirty-seven miles, and purchased from the Amboy, Lansing and Traverse Bay Railroad Company the road before in operation from Lansing to Owasso. From the point last named the road is now in process of construction to Saginaw. The Grand River Valley Railroad from Jackson to Grand Rapids, and the road from Three Rivers to Kalamazoo, are now well under way, and some work has been done on other lines, especially on that from Grand Rapids to Fort Wayne. The old roads have been prosperous through the year, and the new line from Holley to East Saginaw paid 8 per cent. dividends, besides marking off nearly 9 per cent. upon the capital stock for depreciation, and retaining nearly 8 per cent. more from the gross earnings as a surplus.

The Lac la Belle Ship Canal, connecting the lake named with Lake Superior, was constructed during the year, and the General Government has made an appropriation of 400,000 acres of land for the Portage Lake and Lake Superior Ship Canal, which is now at once to be put under construction.

The year was one of general prosperity to the State, especially to the farming and lumbering interests, and, notwithstanding the increase of crime over the years of the war, general good order prevailed. A shocking excep tion to this rule occurred in the hanging of a mulatto boy by a mob at Mason, the county seat of Ingham County, for an attempt to murder a family in which he had been employed. and where, as he alleged, he had been refused payment for his labor. An event so extraordihary in this latitude excited general indigna

tion, especially as the boy was already in jail, and likely to receive due punishment by the regular process of law. Judicial investigation is to be made into it.

As the largest sufferer in proportion to the numbers engaged in the battle of Gettysburg, Michigan has been prompt to furnish her share toward the national monument, and has fully discharged the assessment made upon her for this purpose.

The waters of Michigan abound in most valuable fresh-water fish, the, leading varieties being white fish, pickerel, siscowit, trout, bass, herring, and muskallonge. Pickerel and bass, with many smaller varieties, are found in nearly all the little ponds which dot the surface of the State, and a large quantity in the aggregate is caught for home supply by the people living around them. Of late the catch is diminishing, and legislation has been had to prevent entire destruction through fishing with seines. From the waters which bound the State large quantities are taken for the general market. A very careful estimate of the catch for market during the year is as follows:

Average value $16 per barrel. $563,200.

6,000 1,500 .35,200 Total value

This estimate is confined to that portion of the waters named lying within the State, and it is believed to be reliable.

MIGUEL, DOM MARIA EVARISTO, ex-King of Portugal, born at Lisbon, October 26, 1802; died in Baden, November 14, 1866. He was third son of King John VI., and, upon the invasion of Portugal by the French when quite young, emigrated with the royal family to Brazil. His education being altogether neglected, he soon exhibited signs of the worst character, and upon his return to Portugal in 1821, was unable to read or write. At the instigation of his mother he placed himself at the head of the clerical and absolutist party; On June 2, 1822, he headed an unsuccessful insurrection against his father. He was pardoned, made another insurrectionary attempt in 1822, was again pardoned and even appointed Generalissimo of the Portuguese army. Soon after the assassination of the most intimate counsellor of the king, the Marquis of Soulé, he started a third insurrection April 30, 1824, imprisoned the ministers, and expelled his father, who owed the restoration of his rule only to the vigorous interference of the foreign ambassadors. Dom Miguel, banished together with his mother, by a decree of May 12th, withdrew to Paris, and later to Vienna, when he showed a great admiration of the policy of Metternich. After the death of King John VI., the legiti

mate heir, Dom Pedro, emperor of Brazil, ceded the throne of Portugal to his daughter, Maria La Gloria, whose hand, together with the title of Regent, he offered to Dom Miguel. The latter accepted, and, after long hesitation, consented to take an oath upon the Constitution. Soon, however, he dismissed the Cortes and combined to get proclaimed king of Portugal by a part of the constituent Cortes. At the same time he repudiated the plan of a marriage with his niece, who was prevented from landing and compelled to repair to England. The partisans of Donna Maria were conquered, and only maintained their power at the Island of Terceira. The brief reign of Dom Miguel was signalized by the grossest abuses, and the army and the finances were in a most deplorable condition. In 1831 the cause of Donna Maria again began to gain ground. The French allied themselves with Donna Maria and captured the entire Portuguese fleet. In 1833 England also declared against Dom Miguel, and General Villaflor captured Lisbon, after a protracted struggle near the capital. Dom Miguel, on May 29, 1834, signed the capitulation of Evora. Being forever exiled from the kingdom he went to Genoa, where he issued a protest against the capitulation wrested from him by force. He subsequently repaired to Rome, and afterward took up his abode at Vienna, and subsequently in the Duchy of Baden, where he remained until his death.

MILITARY COMMISSIONS. The chief interest attaching to the subject of Military Commissions during the year, was derived from the decisions of the courts upon the legality of their institution, proceedings, and continuance.

Although it was generally understood that the Supreme Court of the United States had decided, in what were known as the Indiana cases, that the conviction by a military commission in such cases was illegal, still no opinion was delivered at that term of the court. The question, however, came up formally before Justice Nelson in the case of James Egan, and was decided as follows:

NELSON, J. The petition and return to the writ of habeas corpus issued in this case present the following facts:

mer, in the Lexington district of the State of South The prisoner is a citizen, and by occupation a farCarolina, some eighty years of age, and never engaged in the military service or connected with the army of the United States, or of the so-called Confederate States; has been arrested and tried before a military commission, in pursuance of orders issued at head-quarters of the District of Western South Carolina, Columbia, upon a charge of murder, convicted, and sentenced for life to the Albany Penitentiary.

The specification in the record of the crime is the

killing of a negro boy, by shooting him, on or about the 24th September, 1865. The trial took place on the 20th November, and the sentence pronounced on the 1st of December following.

It will be observed that this trial before the military commission took place some seven months since

the termination of hostilities, and the surrender of the rebel army to the authorities of the United States; and, further, that the offence is one which, accord