in the preceding period. The value of products was about five million dollars, which places the making of beer twelfth in importance among the 38 industries of the State.

Louisiana. Among the 25 leading manufacturing industries the production of beer ranks eighth in the volume of products, which now exceeds two and a half million dollars and showed an increase of 56.2 per cent. in 1904-1909, as against an increase of 55.4 per cent. during the period 1899-1904. Both percentages indicate a rapid growth.

Maryland. The relative importance of the malt liquor industry is shown by the fact that it ranks thirteenth among the 53 leading industries in the value of products, which is equivalent to about six million dollars annually. The percentage of increase in this value for the period 1904-1909 was 14.6 per cent., which is less than for the preceding five years when the value increased by 20.1 per

cent.

Massachusetts. Of 76 leading industries in the State for which products valued at more than $500,000 were reported in 1909, the beer industry ranked twenty-second. The value of the products reached the amount of nearly thirteen million dollars. During the five-year period 1904-1909 the value of products increased 14.8 per cent., which is the more significant when one recalls that the preceding five-year period a decrease in value of 1.6 per cent. was reported.

Michigan. With products valued at $9,840,000 in 1909, the beer industry ranked nineteenth in importance among the 28 separate industries reported with an output for each valued at more than one million dollars. The increase in value of products during 1904-1909 was 40.6 per cent., while in the preceding five-year period it measured 32.1 per cent.

Minnesota. The beer industry shows a notable growth, the value of the product having increased 71.1 per cent. in five years. It now represents more than ten and a half million dollars annually, while in 1904 it amounted to something over six million dollars.

Among the 50 leading industries of the State, that of the manufacture of beer ranks ninth.

Missouri. Although the value of products for the brewing industry practically doubled during the last census decade, the increase from 1904 to 1909 was slight; but the value added by manufacture, $19,879,000, was larger than that shown by any other industry in the State, with the single exception of printing and publishing. Among the 59 leading industries of Missouri, the mauufacture of beer ranks fifth in the value of products, which represents the enormous total for 1909 of $27,447,000. This represents an increase for the last five-year census period of 13.6 per cent. The average number of wage earners employed in 1909 was 5,646.

Montana. As a manufacturing industry, that of making beer was the third among the thirteen leading industries. The value of products was nearly two and a half million dollars greater than that of the flour mill and grist mill products; moreover it showed an increase of 40.9 per cent., as compared with an increase of 35.7 per cent. for the preceding five years.

Nebraska. The value of the beer products increased to the extent of 100.4 per cent. during the five years 1904-1909, while the previous five years showed an increase of 16 per cent. The malt liquor industry holds sixth rank among the 25 leading industries of the State.

New Hampshire. No other State shows an actual decrease in the value of malt liquors produced during the five-year period, 1904-1909. It amounted to 27.1 per cent. Nevertheless the beer industry ranks eleventh among the 29 leading industries ennumerated by the census.

New Jersey. At the last census, the value of the malt liquors produced was more than 20 million dollars, which places the industry eleventh in rank among 29 leading industries of the State. The increase in value of products was 15.7 per cent. during 1904– 1909 and less than for the preceding five years.

New York. In this the foremost manufacturing State in the Union, the production of beer ranks seventh as to the value of products among the 139 leading industries. The total output of the industry in 1909 was valued at $77,720,000, an increase over 1904 of $15,762,000, or 25.4 per cent., which was considerably more than double the gain for the preceding five-year period. At the census of 1909, New York ranked first among the States of the Union in the manufacture of malt liquors. Says the census report for 1909, "the manufacture of malt, distilled and vinous liquors forms a very important group of industries in New York. The manufacture of malt liquors was by far the most important."

Ohio. The census specifies 90 leading industries, which in 1909 had a product in excess of $500,000 in value, and twelfth in point of rank in this great manufacturing State stands the beer industry. The value of the product was $25,332,000. The percentage of increase in value was 17.2 for the period 1904-1909, as against 19 per cent. during the preceding five years.

Oregon. The State counts 24 leading industries and ninth among them in the value of products is the manufacture of beer. This value has increased 66.1 per cent. during 1904-1909, as against 56.6 per cent. in the previous five-year period.

Pennsylvania. The census specifies for this State 94 industries or industry groups which had in 1909 a product in excess of $700,000 in value. Among them, the production of malt liquors ranks fifteenth. Since 1849, when 102 establishments with products valued at $1,173,000 were reported, the brewing industry has developed rapidly. Pennsylvania ranked second in importance among the States in 1849, and has retained the same position, at each succeeding census. In 1899 the value of products was $29,163,000 and in 1909 it was $47,713,000, an increase for the decade of $18,550,000, or 63.3 per cent. There were in 1909 no less than 237 establishments with an average number of wage earners of 7,234.

Texas. With annual products valued at $6,464,000 in 1909, the manufacture of beer ranks fourth among the 33 leading industries of the State. During the period 1904-1909 the value of products increased 55.6 per cent., which makes a very slight increase over the preceding five-year period.

Utah. The increase in value of products of 113.0 per cent. during 1904-1909 was the largest of any State in the Union. manufacture of beer now ranks seventh among the 18 leading industries of Utah.

Virginia. Although the value of the products of the beer industry was under two million dollars in 1909, it ranks twentyfourth among the leading industries of the State. There was, moreover, an increase of 34.6 per cent. in the value of products during the period 1904-1909.

Washington. Although the number of breweries remained the same as 1904, the value of products has increased 54.4 per cent., the average number of wage-earners has largely been augmented, and the manufacture of beer now ranks eighth among the 33 leading industries of the State. In 1909 the total output reached the amount of seven million dollars in value.

West Virginia. During the five years, 1899-1904, the beer industry showed an increase in the value of products of 92.8 per cent., but in 1904-1909 of only 5.8 per cent. Still the manufacture of beer ranks twelfth in importance among the 30 leading industries, with an annual output valued at more than two million dollars.

Wisconsin. This State ranks third among the States in the production of malt liquors and second in the output of malt. The beer industry holds fifth place among the 59 leading industries of the State, with a value of products given in 1909 as $32,126,000. This value increased 12 per cent. from 1904-1909. The average number of wage-earners employed was over 5,000. During 1909 the State produced 8.6 per cent. of the total value of malt liquors and 25.1 per cent. of the total value of malt reported for the United States.

THE

TUBERCULOSIS AND ALCOHOL.

HE relation, fancied or real, between intemperance and various forms of disease, is an ancient subject of discussion. That abuse of drink, like any other excess, predisposes the body to a variety of ailments, is an accepted truth with which no sane man quarrels. It is a different question how far the use of intoxicants as a habit can be said to bring on specific forms of disease. Medical science is certainly not ready with a final verdict. But where men skilled in uncovering the causes of disease remain silent or maintain a negative attitude, the amateur social pathologist of prohibition tendencies steps in and declares upon the basis of doubtful evidence that he can establish the truth.

Thus, latterly, attempts have been made to show that indulgence in drink is one of the principal causes, if not the chief one, of tuberculosis. It is undoubtedly true that as intemperance undermines vitality and diminishes the power of resistance, it makes people susceptible to the white plague. But it is a far cry to jump from this fact to the conclusion that if it were not for liquor, we should soon be able to rout this dreaded enemy.

Some well-intentioned saviours of our civilization conveniently forget that tuberculosis is gradually ceasing to be the menace it was; that, year by year, the death rate from tuberculosis diminishes, as the examination of the official mortality returns from any part of the country will show. But does this fact bear any relation to a diminished consumption of drink? The Anti-Saloon League, for instance, which has recently made much of drink as a cause of tuberculosis, would hardly admit that the consumption of liquor and intemperance are gradually declining, for that would be a plain argument against the necessity of its crusade.

Before examining critically one of the latest inquiries purporting to show, among other things, that the use of intoxicants is one of the most prolific sources of tuberculosis, it is worth while to call attention to certain conditions which these worthy foes of alcohol overlook.

Aside from the congested quarters in large cities, where misery and disease of all kinds have a natural habitat, the ravages of the