complete the extension of 1873. The plan of improvement adopted is to extend the piers to 15 feet water, and there permanently close the construction; otherwise the bar recently dredged will, in the course of time, re-form, and will require annual dredging. With the piers thus extended the harbor will be for many years accessible to deepest-draught vessels. The dredging on the bar was satisfactory, resulting in a depth of 14 feet of water. Balance in Treasury of the United States July 1, 1873 Amount in hands of officer and subject to his check, (including $1,566.53 Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874. Amount available July 1, 1874 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876 (See Appendix E 8.) $14,003 78 11,092 08 20,000 00 25,551 02 18,281 88 10,000 00 8. Rocky River Harbor, Ohio.—Three hundred and sixty feet of pier were built at this point during the year, exhausting the appropriation. The appropriation of June 23, 1874, is, by the terms of the act, to be expended in preserving and continuing the work upon the pier. The construction of a permanent harbor will require a large outlay. If, however, this harbor is to be established, it would be most economical to complete it in one season, and the officer in charge submits an estimate of $240,000 therefor. $1,000 00 Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873 7,722 37 Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874 10,000 00 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874 8,722 37 Amount available July 1, 1874 10,000 00 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876, (as revised in this Office).. 30,000 00 (See Appendix E 9.) 9. Cleveland Harbor, Ohio.-The most pressing repairs of the piers have been attended to, exhausting the appropriation. The appropriation of June 23, 1874, will be needed to put the piers in good order, which can be done during the present fiscal year. A survey "for the construction of a harbor of refuge" at this locality was made in compliance with the provisions of the river and harbor act of March, 1873, and a report, with project and estimate of cost, was submitted to Congress January 24, 1874, and printed in Ex. Doc. No. 84, H. R., Forty-third Congress, first session. The plan submitted by the officer in charge of the survey is that of a breakwater of crib-work of 40 feet in width, resting in an average depth of water of 34 feet; to consist of two arms of 4,000 feet in length each, making an angle with each other of about 138°, the apex to be about 3,000 feet in front of the ends of the present piers of entrance, and embracing an anchorage of about 260 acres. The bottom of the lake consists here of a loose deposit of soft blue clay, silt, and sand, no rock or firm foundation of any kind being found within a penetration of 25 feet. An approximate estimate was presented by the officer in charge, Major Harwood, of $4,000,000, as the probable maximum cost of the plan he submits. In view of the magnitude of the undertaking and the great cost of the plan above referred to, Congress directed in the river and harbor improvement act of June 23, 1874, a survey to be made for a breakwater at Cleveland, with a view to obtaining a new estimate for four fathoms water. The report upon this latter survey will be submitted to Congress during its next session, Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873 Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874 Amount available July 1, 1874 $1,000 00 30,500 00 1,000 00 30, 500 00 (See Appendix E 10.) 10. Grand River Harbor, Ohio.-The extension of the piers was con tinued last season until the appropriation was exhausted, leaving to be executed the building of 270 feet of superstructure and completion of 300 feet of same at west pier, the placing of the beacon-crib, the building of 209 feet at east pier, and the completion of 91 feet of its superstructure. A freshet made a breach at the base of the east pier, which must be stopped by prolonging the pier across it. Sheath-piling is also required to protect the shore-end of the west pier. The pier being completed, the harbor will be an excellent one. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873....... Amount in hands of officer and subject to his check, (including $3,437.05 percentage due on contracts not yet completed). Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874. Amount available July 1, 1874 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876.. (See Appendix E 11.) $13,664 59 9,407 19 20,000 00 23,071 78 20,000 00 15,000 00 11. Ashtabula Harbor, Ohio.-A channel 60 feet wide and 14 feet deep, low stage, was completed from the harbor to the lake during the fiscal year. It should be widened to 100 feet to allow vessels to pass each other freely. Before this can be undertaken, in order to keep the present channel open, it will be necessary to stop the influx of sand from the west. To do this, the west pier must be extended lakeward to at least 14 feet water. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873 $10,000 00 5,997 10 35,000 00 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874. Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876.. 45,000 00 (See Appendix E 12.) 12. Conneaut Harbor, Ohio.-This harbor is in good condition, requiring only minor repairs to piers, for which the present estimate is made. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873.. Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874 Amount available July 1, 1874 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876. (See Appendix E 13.) $400 00 1,500 00 399 55 1,500 45 1,000 00 13. Erie Harbor, Pennsylvania.-Dredging in the channel and at the mouth of the harbor was continued during the fiscal year. The gales of the autumn and winter made serious attacks on existing protections to Presque Isle and the harbor, to meet which there are needed a beachprotection at the north spit at the entrance, a thorough repair of the north pier, and a replanting of the neck of the peninsula with willow. A small amount of dredging is also annually required at the entrance of the harbor. The appropriation of June 23, 1874, will be expended in the above work, as far as it will admit. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873 $8,000 00 2,320 1 Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874.. Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876.. (See Appendix E 14.) $20,000 00 10, 195 28 20, 125 53 80,000 00 14. Dunkirk Harbor, New York.-At the close of the fiscal year the chan nel was partly dredged and the breakwater prolonged westwardly to its edge, but not completely finished in superstructure. Sixty feet of under-water work was added to the easterly end. The channel can be completed and the breakwater, which is now 540 feet long, finished to 600 feet by the close of the present fiscal year. The harbor will then be an excellent one, and will become better and better as the breakwater is prolonged to the eastward. For continuing the work during the next fiscal year the officer in charge submits an estimate of $100,000. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873.. $30,000.00 8,736 6 35,000 00 Amount in bands of officer and subject to his check. Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874. Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874. 36, 130 56 Amount available July 1, 1874 37,606 30 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1×76, (as revised in this (See Appendix E 15.) 50,000 00 15. Buffalo Harbor, New York.-The damage to the breakwater by the fall and winter gales of 1872 was repaired and the work continued 100 feet, making in all 2,499 feet of completed work. The severe gale of December 4, 1873, injured the foundation of the new work, which has settled to the water-level, having separated it from the work of 1872, which was also damaged extensively in superstructure. Damages were repaired as far as practicable. For want of funds no further progress was made, and the work stood at the close of the fiscal year as the gale had left it. The lakeward side of the breakwater was badly cut by floating ice during the winter, and will have to be iron-plated near the waterlevel. The gale of December 4, 1873, caused a large accumulation of sand at the head of the south or light-house pier, which required removal before the opening of navigation, and a special appropriation of $20,000 was made by Congress February 25, 1874, for this purpose. The sand was accordingly removed in time to obviate all danger to the channel. A board of engineers was convened at Buffalo to consider and report upon a plan to prevent future encroachment of sand at the mouth of Buffalo River, and upon examination approved the project of the officer in charge of the work (Major Harwood) to build a catch-sand pier in the vicinity of the proposed south channel; this to be a pile-pier 10 feet in width covered by 6 feet of superstructure and extending to the 12-foot curve; thence prolonged in the same direction by crib work 20 feet in width, covered with 6 feet of superstructure to a designated point. In addition to the catch-sand pier, the board anticipated that other jetties of slight construction, not to exceed 300 feet in length, might be needed at different points between the site of the one proposed and the south United States pier, to arrest the transfer of sand and prevent the abrasion of the beach during the period in which the breakwater was in course of construction. The board directed minute and careful examination and survey to be made of the vicinity of the breakwater, with a view to ascertain by frequent borings the exact character of the bottom, having in view a possible change of direction of the present breakwater and the projec tion of a plan for additional protection, as recommended by the officer in charge of the work. The survey and examination were delayed for want of funds necessary to the prosecution, but are now in progress. The officer in charge submits an estimate, for continuing the work during the next fiscal year, of $500,000. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873.. Amount in hands of officer and subject to his check, (including $2,037.94 per- Amount appropriated by acts approved February 25 and June 23, 1874.. Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876, (as revised in this (See Appendixes E 16 and E 17.) EXAMINATIONS AND SURVEYS FOR IMPROVEMENT. $45,000 00 10,301 83 95,000 00 73,000 68 77,301 15 1 200, 000 00 Major Harwood was instructed, to comply with provisions of the act of March 3, 1873, to make the necessary examinations and surveys for the preparation of an estimate for the construction of a harbor of refuge at Cleveland, His report thereon was transmitted to Congress at its last session. (See Appendix E 18.) HARBORS ON LAKE ONTARIO AND THE RIVER ST. LAWRENCE. Officer in charge, Maj. John M. Wilson, Corps of Engineers. 1. Olcott Harbor, New York.-Operations were carried on during the year both upon the construction of the piers and dredging the channel. The superstructure upon 90 feet of the west pier was filled with stone and decked over and entirely constructed upon 120 feet of the east pier. Two thousand three hundred and eighty-six yards of red shale and rock, 13,428 cubic yards of clay, sand, gravel, and mud, one old crib, a large bowlder, and the wreck of an old vessel were removed from the channel by dredging. During the present season it is proposed to open a channel 50 feet wide between the piers by the removal of rock. The officer in charge submits an estimate of $30,000 for continuing the work during the next fiscal year. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873. Amount in hands of officer and subject to his check, (including $724.99 per $10,200 00 centage due on contracts not yet completed). Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874. Amount available July 1, 1874 1,531 76 10,000 00 11,720 44 10,011 32 Amount required for the fiscal year ending July 30, 1876, (as revised in this (See Appendix F 1.) 10,000 00 2. Oak Orchard Harbor, New York.-Operations during the fiscal year were carried on with hired labor, drilling, blasting, and excavating rock, &c., from the channel between the piers; 1,132 holes, amounting to 4,356 lineal feet, have been drilled and blasted under water, varying from 7 to 11 feet in depth; 3,503 cubic yards of red shale and rock and 1,958.21 cubic yards of mud, sand, gravel, &c., have been removed by dredging. During the present season it is proposed to level up the piers where settlement has taken place, to continue drilling and blasting rock in the channel, and to continue dredging. The officer in charge submits an estimate of $15,000 for continuing the work during the next fiscal year. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873.. Amoant in hands of officer and subject to his check. Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874. Amount available July 1, 1874 Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876, (as revised in this (See Appendix F 2.) $10,673 73 16 97 10,000.00 10, 623 06 10,067 64 10,000 00 3. Charlotte Harbor, New York.-Operations have been confined dur ing the year to those absolutely necessary for the preservation of the piers, and have consisted of minor repairs at various points. There are no available funds for the present fiscal year. Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874, from appropriation for examination, survey, &c.. act of 1870 Amonnt required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876.. (See Appendix F 3.) $634 32 5,000 00 4. Pultneyville Harbor, New York.-Operations during the year have been carried ou under contract constructing the east pier, 212 lineal feet of which have been built; of this length 122 feet were in water 10 feet deep and 90 feet in water 6 feet deep. During the present season it is proposed to add 110 lineal feet to the west pier, the cribs to be sunk in an average depth of 10 feet, and to open the channel by dredging. The officer in charge submits an estimate for $19,000 for continuing the work during the next fiscal year. Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874. 12,588 28 Amount available July 1, 1874.. (See Appendix F 4.) Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876, (as revised in this Office).. 10,000 00 10,000 00 5. Great Sodus Harbor, New York.-Operations during the year comprised dredging the channel between the piers and repairing the east breakwater; 16,808 cubic yards of sand and gravel have been removed, and 158 feet of the east break water completed. During the present season it is proposed to remove sand, gravel, &c., from the channel between the piers, and to rebuild about 350 lineal feet of the east breakwater. The officer in charge submits an estimate of $20,000 for continuing the work during the next fiscal year. Balance in Treasury of United States July 1, 1873 Amount in hands of officer and subject to his check, (including $666.32 per $55 84 centage due on contracts not yet completed). Amount appropriated by act approved June 23, 1874. 4,694 40 Amount available July 1, 1874.. Amount expended during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1874 15,000 00 4,694 40 Amount required for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1876, (as revised in this 15,055 84 (See Appendix F 5.) 15,000 00 6. Little Sodus Harbor, New York.-During the fiscal year operations have been carried on under contract constructing the east pier and |