Global Environment Outlook 2000Earthscan, 1999 - 398 pages Global Environment Outlook 2000, or GEO-2000, is a comprehensive and authoritative review and analysis of environmental conditions around the world. It is the flagship publication of the world's leading environmental organization, UNEP, and is based on information provided by more than 30 regional and international collaborating centres. A region-by-region analysis is given of the state of the world's environment - highlighting key global concerns and making recommendations for policy action - in Africa, Asia and the Pacific, Europe and Central Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, North America, West Asia and the Polar Areas. Written in clear, non-technical language and supported throughout by informative colour graphics and tables, GEO-2000 will be the benchmark reference and guide to the state of the global environment. It is essential reading for all those involved in environmental policy making, implementation and assessment, and for researchers and students of regional and global environmental issues.Published in association with the United Nations Environment Program. |
Contents
CHAPTER | 3 |
Military expenditures | 8 |
Growth of urban populations | 10 |
The economics of cleaner production | 17 |
The State of the Environment | 23 |
Global and regional synthesis | 24 |
CHAPTER 1 | 39 |
Mercury concentrations in beluga whales 199394 | 94 |
Asia and the Pacific | 236 |
Regional MEAs on transboundary pollution | 239 |
Environmental factors affecting health | 243 |
The Japan Fund for Global Environment | 247 |
Europe and Central Asia | 256 |
Emissions of sulphur dioxide from Europe west of Urals | 262 |
Known and estimated total numbers of species | 269 |
Latin America | 270 |
Annual average growth of per capita GDP 197595 | 95 |
CHAPTER 2 | 106 |
Population with and without sanitation | 115 |
Change in forest extent 199095 | 121 |
Africa | 129 |
Marine fish catch | 141 |
Traditional and commercial energy | 146 |
Africa | 148 |
Calorie intake per capita | 155 |
Fertilizer | 161 |
CHAPTER 2 | 179 |
Watersheds of Arctic rivers | 185 |
Winter and summer sea | 191 |
Policy Responses | 197 |
Global and regional synthesis | 198 |
Overall strategy for cleaner production development | 209 |
Policy challenges for Southern Africa | 220 |
Parties to major environment conventions | 221 |
Implementation and compliance in selected regional MEAs | 226 |
The future seen from 1983 | 233 |
SO₂ emissions from fossil fuel burning | 275 |
Parties to major environment conventions | 281 |
Asia and the Pacific | 282 |
North America | 294 |
Emission reductions through ARET | 302 |
Solid waste production wastewater treated | 309 |
West Asia | 312 |
North America | 315 |
Future Perspectives | 333 |
Major emerging issues identified in the SCOPE survey | 339 |
Use of unconventional water resources | 343 |
and garbage collection | 349 |
Sulphur and nitrogen dioxide emissions continental Asia | 350 |
water balance under three scenarios | 357 |
Tourism in the Arctic early 1990s | 358 |
Outlook and Recommendations | 361 |
Acronyms and Abbreviations | 375 |
387 | |
393 | |
Common terms and phrases
000 million activities Africa agricultural air pollution Antarctic Arctic Assessment biodiversity Canada capita carbon Caribbean cent Central Asia Centre chemicals climate change coastal compiled by UNEP conservation consumption Convention degradation desertification developing countries Eastern Europe economic ecosystems effects El Niño emissions energy Environment environmental issues environmental policies Environmental Protection Europe and Central European Union example fish fisheries forest freshwater global Government groundwater growth habitat hectares human impacts implementation improved increased industrial Institute International land levels major marine MEAS million hectares million tonnes Ministry Montreal Protocol Nations Population Division natural resources NGOs North America OECD organizations ozone Pacific programmes protected areas reduce region Report Republic result SADC sector soil Source species sub-region Sustainable Development technologies trade UNDP UNDP and WB UNEP UNEP GRID Geneva United Kingdom United Nations United Nations Population urban Washington DC waste WCMC West Asia Western wetlands World Bank