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Judge LINCOLN. He is hiring me as a lobbyist right now. I want to say that I am willing to stay and be available for any length of time now if you gentlemen have any more questions or tomorrow or any other time.

Mr. PUCINSKI. I would like you to stay.

Judge LINCOLN. All right. My specific point here was I was asked whether our court used the Big Brothers as a reference referral. We do. We refer many hundreds of boys to the Big Brother movement in Detroit.

Frankly, I am going to say this. I know sometimes there are people who criticize this and think that we should work only through trained social workers, but we have one probation officer for every 8,000 children of school age. It thus becomes absolutely necessary for us to use organizations such as Big Brothers and Big Brothers does a fine job for us.

Mr. LUMBARD. Thank you, Judge. I couldn't ask for a better way to start. I represent the Big Brothers, Inc. of New York, which is the founding chapter of the Big Brothers movement and I am very happy to have this occasion to place on the record and to tell you a little bit about the movement itself and about our interest in this bill. Our concern is, as Congressman Scheuer indicated is his concern, with boys before they become delinquent in the full sense.

We are a preventive agency in the full sense of the meaning. We have a long tradition in that area which I will explain.

We had originally anticipated from President Johnson's special message to Congress on children and youth as it was released on February 8 of this year, that agencies such as ours would be included in this bill. We looked at the initial statement of the staff of this committee and thought we would be within the bill. We then read the bill and found to our dismay that the bill absolutely does not consider aid to any such organization in the community as Big Brothers: It will provide no assistance whatsoever to us, and this indeed was received with some shock.

Therefore, our board, which includes a lot of distinguished people in New York including Frank O'Connor and Mrs. Margaret Truman Daniels, and many others, decided that it was important that there be a statement made here about the nature of the work we do and the service we perform to the community.

I have brought several pieces of literature, which I ask to be made part of the record and which you may find educational. Perhaps my son can take one up to each of you who are here now. If you have a system of receiving them for the committee, perhaps these can be made part of the record.

(The information referred to follows:)

[The New York Times, Friday, May 11, 1962]

BIG BROTHER FILLS A LACK IN FAMILIES

(By Martin Tolchin)

A boy growing up without a father often says things and does things he would never get away with if there were a man in the house. Embroiled in ceaseles skirmishes against authority, he sometimes becomes too much to handle for the woman who tries to be both mother and father to the child.

One port in the storm is Big Bothers, Inc., an organization that puts a man into the lives of boys 10 to 16 years old. This nonsectarian, interracial, nonprofit

organization serves more than 7,500 youths in sixty-five cities. There are 6,000,000 children in the nation who are growing up in one-parent homes, most of which are fatherless.

Big Brothers are recruited from all walks of life, ranging from truck drivers and butchers to investment brokers and physicians. Some are married, others are bachelors. But all are committed to spend a minimum of four hours a week with their Little Brother for a period of at least two years.

Although little brothers come from all social and economic groups, most of the children are from underprivileged homes.

TRUST MUST BE WON

A Big Brothers aspires simply to be a friend. Usually this is not an easy task. Little Brothers tend to be distrustful of adults in general.

Howard Kieval, executive director of Big Brothers, Inc., of New York, said of the youngsters in a recent interview:

"It's a little pathetic that when a Little Brother meets his Big Brother and they begin to talk about their mutual interests, the child will often ask, 'Mister, what's your angle?"

Big Brothers are urged not to attempt to woo their Little Brothers with their wallets. Their meetings should not be a continual round of hoopla. Movies, children's plays and professional ball games are well and good, but should be balanced by time spent alone at such activities as ball playing, walking, hiking and bicycle riding, which give the two a chance to get to know each other. Many Little Brothers spend their summer vacations at the summer homes of Big Brothers.

FRIENDLY PERSUASION

"A Big Brother should do what a friend does," Mr. Kieval explained.

He should not try to be a psychiatrist or social worker, he said, adding: “The boy has to learn to trust him as a representative of the adults in the world."

Although religion and race are considered in matching Big and Little Brothers, they are not the sole factors.

"Some of our most successful assignments have been across religious and racial lines," Mr. Kieval said.

The interests and needs of the Little Brother are matched against the qualifications of the Big Brother, who is carefully screened and evaluated prior to being made eligible for training.

A six-week orientation and training program initiated the Big Brother into the organization's service. Once assigned, he works closely with a social worker, who is also in contact with the boy's home. If the boy has a school problem, the social worker also maintains contact with school authorities.

SERVICES AVAILABLE

Bolstering the "one man-one boy" relationship is a battery of services to be used when necessary. These include counseling, vocational guidance, job placement and psychiatric help.

Because of an increased demand for the organization's services, a shortage of Big Brothers-the key men in the operation-has developed during the past six years. The rewards of such work, in Mr. Kieval's views, include "the satisfaction of knowing that when a boy reached out his hand for help, yours was there to take it."

For further information, write Big Brothers, Inc., of New York, 223 East Thirtieth Street, or telephone MUrray Hill 6-2042.

A similar service is provided by Big Sisters, Inc., for girls who need a relationship with a mature woman.

EXCERPTS FROM BIG BROTHERS, INC. OF NEW YORK CITY 1965-66 ANNUAL REPORT

A MESSAGE FROM OUR PRESIDENT

1965 was a banner year for Big Brothers, Inc.-twelve rewarding and exciting months!

The most dramatic development has been the purchase from the City of New York of an old police precinct located at 327 East 22nd Street, in Manhattan. It is now being converted into a Big Brothers residence for Little Brothers, who must temporarily be taken out of the baneful environment of their own homes if the help which we can give them is to have effective and lasting value. A major

grant from the Vincent Astor Foundation is making possible this pioneer effort in New York City.

This project, among others, has been made possible by the 60th Anniversary Development Program with a goal of $1,250,000, which the Board of Trustees launched with no fanfare. To date, our effort has realized more than $600,000, chiefly from friendly Foundations, nine of which are making first-time grants to the work of Big Brothers of New York.

The Big Brothers concept works because there is as much heart as there is science in its approach to the development of boys in trouble. We recognize that their situations at home can readily result in their joining the worldwide, everincreasing ranks of juvenile delinquents. What Big Brother service provides is an opportunity to help them develop into useful, worthwhile citizens. First, there are the human attributes of kindness, warmth and understanding which many Little Brothers experience for the first time when Big Brothers enter their lives. In addition, a full range of professional services is applied to help redirect them. As they mature, these same young men, now able to stand alone, participate in the widest variety of busness and professions.

The report that follows will touch briefly on some of the many activities currently underway. Big Brothers, Inc., continues to adhere to the goals estab lished in 1904 when it was conceived and set into motion. In these swiftly changing times, there have been many modifications of, and additions to, the early techniques employed, to achieve most effectively the "One Man-One Boy" goal of the founding fathers. Mankind can progress only if the birthright of childhood and youth to grow and to be free is protected. This birthright must be carefully nurtured.

It is you, our friends and contributors, who make possible whatever we can do to help boys in trouble wherever they may be in metropolitan New York. We are deeply grateful for your loyal interest and continuing support, without which nothing could be accomplished for Little Brothers who need our help and yours. CYRUS J. QUINN.

LITTLE BROTHER-BIG BROTHER

Big Brothers' present program is designed to foster the "One Man-One Boy" relationship under professional supervision supported and fortified by a battery of auxiliary services. The latter includes individual and family counsel. ing, vocational guidance, psychiatric and psychological diagnosis and consultation, summer camps, and diversified recreational activities.

The unique contribution which this program makes to the field of juvenile delinquency, child welfare, and family counseling is the inclusion of the trained volunteer Big Brothers in direct service to the troubled boys and to their families. Professional casework alone cannot possibly meet the need in the lives of the Little Brothers of personal concern and interest which the Big Brother provides. The Big Brother program undertakes the training of qualified volunteers to serve under the supervision of the professional casework staff. Unlike the Little Brother, who is referred to the Agency by private or public sources, the volunteer Big Brother is recruited, and applications from potential Big Brothers come as a result of a comprehensive recruitment program which reaches into service and fraternal organizations, newspapers, radio, television and other media. Many apply at the suggestion of men who already are serving as Big Brothers.

MORE THAN 60-YEARS EXPERIENCE

Sixty-two years ago, a group of men in New York assumed the responsibility of setting out to help misguided boys who became involved with the law. This sparked the "ONE MAN-ONE BOY" idea which still is the guiding light of the Big Brother movement. From this tiny nucleus in New York City developed a national organization with 103 local bodies operating autonomously in 22 states and Canada. The focal directive of all of these organizations is to attempt to erase early in a boy's life some of the basic causes which lead to juvenile delinquency. In New York City alone more than 25,000 volunteers (whom we call Big Brothers) have been assigned to such youngsters in this period.

BIG BROTHERS TODAY

All-secretarian and interracial, Big Brothers, Inc. serves boys between the ages of ten and sixteen in all the boroughs of New York City who require a relationship with a male adult outside of the normal family constellation

because this is lacking in their home environment. It is affiliated with Big Brothers of America, Greater New York Community Council, Greater New York Fund. It is designated as an official training center for the graduate School of Social Work of New York University. Administered by a Board of Trustees as a voluntary non-profit organization, it operates under authority granted by the Department of Social Welfare of the State of New York.

Public sources in 1965 represented 57% of the total referrals including: Juvenile Term, Family Court; New York City Board of Education; New York City Youth Board; Youth Services Division, New York City Police Department; New York City Department of Welfare. Private sources representing 43% of the total referalls accepted for 1965, included voluntary social agencies, religious institutions, individuals, parents, resident children's institutions, and former Little Brothers whose cases needed to be reopened.

Our psychiatric and psychological diagnostic consultation program has been of great help in advancing our work, both because it aids youngsters directly, and because it has sharpened the professional skills of the staff. It also has, in many ways, speeded up the helping process. Essentially this is a benefit, from the point of view of economy as well as the professionalization of function. Moreover, the agency is committed to a "reaching-out" or "aggressive" casework process which seeks to help clients identify their problems and begin to deal with them.

In a period of rising costs, Big Brothers still tries to hold the line. The cost of helping to rehabilitate a Little Brother is about $600 a year. Compared with institutionalization, the only alternative to our service, which costs the community at least ten times as much and has much less opportunity for success, this $600 is a singularly sound investment.

SUMMARY OF BIG BROTHER SERVICE FOR THE PERIOD OF MAY 1, 1965 TO APRIL 30, 1966

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New York City Police Department (Youth Services Division)_
New York City Youth Board___

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30

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Big Brothers Active and Assigned During the Year____

Big Brothers Serving as Trustees on Committees, Councils, etc.. Associate Members Not Presently Available for Big Brother Assignment

New Big Brothers Elected During the Year__

Big Brother-Little Brother Contacts (minimum)

Staff Visits to Little Brother Homes___

Staff Consultations with Big Brothers (including training).
Staff Interviews with Little Brothers__

Staff Consultations with Parents_

Collateral Consultations (schools, court, social agencies, etc.)
Employment Secured for Little Brothers__.
Physical Examinations and Follow-up Care---

Little Brothers Sent to Camp---

1 Estimated and incomplete as of July 1, 1966.

3

52

29

5

91

275

150

357

124

14, 500

250 2,700

3. 100 2,400

2,560

26

1375 1350

Mr. LUMBARD. Judge Bazelon talked earlier about the need for statistics. He talked about the need for research. He talked about the need for people and facilities and he talked about money. I didn't hear the people who talked this morning, but these are concerns also of the judges who are here now. They are also concerns in New York.

For the past 6 years I have been counsel to Governor Rockefeller for law enforcement and crime throughout the State of New York up until the last week or so in fact. Certainly I can say to you those are needs in New York.

The Big Brother movement, however, for an average in New York City of $600 per boy annually by way of cost, serves hundreds of boys at any one time. It involves many volunteers in the community as Big Brothers. And let me briefly state for you and for those in the distant recesses of Health, Education, and Welfare, and if your committee may some day read this record, what we are, because clearly those who drafted this bill had no contemplation of agencies such

as ours.

Mr. PUCINSKI. I don't read the bill the way you read it.

Mr. LUMBARD. Well, Congressman, I have written a lot of legisla tion and I have had a lot to do with it and I have been on the Executive Chamber staff in New York many a year and I read this bill many times with this in mind and it is annotated to the nth degree here. I can't find anything that would help us. I went over the bill again last evening to check myself with the executive director of our agency and I would be prepared to discuss it on a line-by-line basis if you wish.

Mr. PUCINSKI. We provide here for working with the public agencies and the private and not-for-profit agencies. Which particular title are you concerned about?

Mr. LUMBARD. I am concerned with any title which will provide assistance to an organization such as ours and there is none.

Mr. PUCINSKI. Here on page 4, in section 103, grants for planning projects or programs:

The Secretary is authorized to make grants to any State, county, municipal or other local public or nonprofit private agency or organization to assist it in meeting the cost of planning any project or program for which a grant may be made under the other provisions of this Act.

Mr. LUMBARD. Exactly. That is the 90-percent provision and in terms of our operating budget, year to year, we have no aspect of that budget which would qualify where we would get assistance.

Mr. PUCINSKI. Are you suggesting that this legislation ought to provide 100-percent financing?

Mr. LUMBARD. Not at all.

Mr. PUCINSKI. We are getting flak the other way. We thought that 90 percent was about as high as we can go and then we thought the local community would raise the remaining ten percent.

Mr. LUMBARD. Let me explain myself further.

Mr. PUCINSKI. Is there any question in your mind that this 103 would make you eligible for planning grants?

Mr. LUMBARD. My point is not that. My point is that our budget on an annual basis doesn't contain items which are planning funds. It is a current operating agency and we have tried very hard to analyze

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