Global Climate Change: Hearings Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, on the Science and Energy Policy Implications of Global Climate Change and International Agreements Regarding Greenhouse Gas Emissions, May 6 and 12, 1992, Volume 4U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992 - 427 pages |
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Page 21
... industry , government and environmental groups as doing a largely " fair " or " poor " job . Most experts quoted in the national media ( 73 % ) asserted that global warming was genuine . Only 2 % of experts quoted or cited expressed the ...
... industry , government and environmental groups as doing a largely " fair " or " poor " job . Most experts quoted in the national media ( 73 % ) asserted that global warming was genuine . Only 2 % of experts quoted or cited expressed the ...
Page 23
... industry and environmental groups . Results of the National Media Content Analysis · All articles and broadcasts on global warming were analyzed from January , 1985 through June , 1991 in the New York Times . Washington Post , Wall ...
... industry and environmental groups . Results of the National Media Content Analysis · All articles and broadcasts on global warming were analyzed from January , 1985 through June , 1991 in the New York Times . Washington Post , Wall ...
Page 26
... industry . Point- ing to the scientific and technical uncertainties sur- rounding the acid rain debate , the Reagan administra- tion endorsed the Acid Precipitation Act of 1980 . creating a 10 - year research program - NAPAP . Congress ...
... industry . Point- ing to the scientific and technical uncertainties sur- rounding the acid rain debate , the Reagan administra- tion endorsed the Acid Precipitation Act of 1980 . creating a 10 - year research program - NAPAP . Congress ...
Page 29
... industry . they change over time . As they evolve , the assess- ments may also focus on issues re- to ample , should ground - based or lated to research methods . For ex- space - based platforms be used to survey changes in temperature ...
... industry . they change over time . As they evolve , the assess- ments may also focus on issues re- to ample , should ground - based or lated to research methods . For ex- space - based platforms be used to survey changes in temperature ...
Page 32
... industry and report their find- ings periodically . One such effort already is under way at Carnegie Mellon University , with core fund- ing from the Electric Power Research Institute and the National Science Foundation . The major ...
... industry and report their find- ings periodically . One such effort already is under way at Carnegie Mellon University , with core fund- ing from the Electric Power Research Institute and the National Science Foundation . The major ...
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actions activities aerosols Alternative Energy Future Answer areas atmospheric carbon dioxide carbon tax CHAIRMAN climate models CO₂ Committee concentration consensus convention cooling cost cycle decade degrees developing countries economic energy efficiency Energy Future scenario Environment estimates factors feedback forecasts fossil fuel fuel economy funding global change global climate change Global Environment Facility global temperature global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases greenhouse warming impacts improve increase industry IPCC IPCC Supplement issue Lindzen magnitude Marshall Institute methane million National natural Northern Hemisphere observed ocean ozone depletion Panel on Climate percent pollution potential predict projected quads question radiative forcing range recent reduce regional renewable energy response satellite scientists sea level rise sector Senator WALLOP Senator WIRTH significant solar strategy stratospheric sulfate surface temperature change tion trends tropospheric uncertainties UNEP United volcanic water vapor
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Page 200 - Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Page 39 - There are many uncertainties in our predictions particularly with regard to the timing, magnitude and regional patterns of climate change, due to our incomplete understanding of: • sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, which affecl predictions of future concentrations.
Page 39 - ... the size of this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. Thus the observed increase could be largely due to this natural variability; alternatively this variability and other human factors could have offset a still larger human-induced greenhouse warming • the unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect from observations is not likely for a decade or more.
Page 354 - The most significant uncertainty arises from the effects of clouds. The actual rate of warming over the next century will be...
Page 354 - Observation of this effect may be obscured temporarily by the larger natural variability and slower responses in these regions relative to lower latitudes. Rise in Global Mean Sea Level (very probable) — A further rise of 4-12 inches in mean sea level by the middle of the next century is generally estimated due to thermal expansion of sea water in the warmer future climate. Far less certain are the contributions due to melting and calving of land ice. Predictions of actual rise rates for mean sea...
Page 40 - Increases in the concentration of the greenhouse gases will reduce the efficiency with which the Earth cools to space and will tend to warm the lower atmosphere and surface. The amount of warming depends on the size of the increase in concentration of each greenhouse gas, the radiative properties of the gases involved, and the concentration of other greenhouse gases already present in the atmosphere. It also can depend on local effects such as the variation with height of the concentration of the...
Page 43 - Scenario A (SA90) events and new information have emerged which relate to that scenario's underlying assumptions. These developments include: the London Amendments to the Montreal Protocol; revision of population forecasts by the World Bank and United Nations; publication of the IPCC Energy and Industry Sub-group scenario of greenhouse gas emissions to 2025; political events and economic changes in the former USSR, Eastern Europe and the Middle East; re-estimation of sources and sinks of greenhouse...
Page 171 - Department of Commerce. The Department of Commerce, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the...
Page 353 - My name is Jerry Mahlman. I am the Director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , in Princeton, New Jersey.
Page 39 - There are also a number of significant new findings and conclusions which we summarize as follows: Gases and Aerosols • Depletion of ozone in the lower stratosphere in the middle and high latitudes results in a decrease in radiative forcing which is believed to be comparable in magnitude to the radiative forcing contribution of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (globally-averaged) over the last decade or so. • The cooling effect of aerosols (*) resulting from sulphur emissions may have offset a significant...