Global Climate Change: Hearings Before the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources, United States Senate, One Hundred Second Congress, Second Session, on the Science and Energy Policy Implications of Global Climate Change and International Agreements Regarding Greenhouse Gas Emissions, May 6 and 12, 1992, Volume 4U.S. Government Printing Office, 1992 - 427 pages |
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Page 5
... decade . The prime source of irrationality in environmental regulation is not the lack of strategic planning but the politically induced errors and distortions . In addition to acid rain , this was the problem with the alar crisis , or ...
... decade . The prime source of irrationality in environmental regulation is not the lack of strategic planning but the politically induced errors and distortions . In addition to acid rain , this was the problem with the alar crisis , or ...
Page 9
... decade has been far less than the computer studies had predicted . It is five times smaller than the increase quoted in the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . This result has important implications . The IPCC ...
... decade has been far less than the computer studies had predicted . It is five times smaller than the increase quoted in the U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change ( IPCC ) . This result has important implications . The IPCC ...
Page 16
... decade . The 1992 Scientific Assessment report of the IPCC gives 0.3 ° C / decade as the consensus of theo- retical predictions for the temperature increase due to the greenhouse gases five times greater than the effect revealed by the ...
... decade . The 1992 Scientific Assessment report of the IPCC gives 0.3 ° C / decade as the consensus of theo- retical predictions for the temperature increase due to the greenhouse gases five times greater than the effect revealed by the ...
Page 26
... decade . How can a multibillion - dollar research program involving some of the best scientific minds be so pre- dictably irrelevant ? The lessons learned from NAPAP and the current plans for R & D on global climate change offer some ...
... decade . How can a multibillion - dollar research program involving some of the best scientific minds be so pre- dictably irrelevant ? The lessons learned from NAPAP and the current plans for R & D on global climate change offer some ...
Page 30
... decade of careful measurements to discount the influence of natural variations in climate . To improve the scientific capability to measure and predict climate change , an integrated assessment must identify the most critical areas of ...
... decade of careful measurements to discount the influence of natural variations in climate . To improve the scientific capability to measure and predict climate change , an integrated assessment must identify the most critical areas of ...
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actions activities aerosols Alternative Energy Future Answer areas atmospheric carbon dioxide carbon tax CHAIRMAN climate models CO₂ Committee concentration consensus convention cooling cost cycle decade degrees developing countries economic energy efficiency Energy Future scenario Environment estimates factors feedback forecasts fossil fuel fuel economy funding global change global climate change Global Environment Facility global temperature global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions greenhouse gases greenhouse warming impacts improve increase industry IPCC IPCC Supplement issue Lindzen magnitude Marshall Institute methane million National natural Northern Hemisphere observed ocean ozone depletion Panel on Climate percent pollution potential predict projected quads question radiative forcing range recent reduce regional renewable energy response satellite scientists sea level rise sector Senator WALLOP Senator WIRTH significant solar strategy stratospheric sulfate surface temperature change tion trends tropospheric uncertainties UNEP United volcanic water vapor
Popular passages
Page 200 - Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Page 39 - There are many uncertainties in our predictions particularly with regard to the timing, magnitude and regional patterns of climate change, due to our incomplete understanding of: • sources and sinks of greenhouse gases, which affecl predictions of future concentrations.
Page 39 - ... the size of this warming is broadly consistent with predictions of climate models, but it is also of the same magnitude as natural climate variability. Thus the observed increase could be largely due to this natural variability; alternatively this variability and other human factors could have offset a still larger human-induced greenhouse warming • the unequivocal detection of the enhanced greenhouse effect from observations is not likely for a decade or more.
Page 354 - The most significant uncertainty arises from the effects of clouds. The actual rate of warming over the next century will be...
Page 354 - Observation of this effect may be obscured temporarily by the larger natural variability and slower responses in these regions relative to lower latitudes. Rise in Global Mean Sea Level (very probable) — A further rise of 4-12 inches in mean sea level by the middle of the next century is generally estimated due to thermal expansion of sea water in the warmer future climate. Far less certain are the contributions due to melting and calving of land ice. Predictions of actual rise rates for mean sea...
Page 40 - Increases in the concentration of the greenhouse gases will reduce the efficiency with which the Earth cools to space and will tend to warm the lower atmosphere and surface. The amount of warming depends on the size of the increase in concentration of each greenhouse gas, the radiative properties of the gases involved, and the concentration of other greenhouse gases already present in the atmosphere. It also can depend on local effects such as the variation with height of the concentration of the...
Page 43 - Scenario A (SA90) events and new information have emerged which relate to that scenario's underlying assumptions. These developments include: the London Amendments to the Montreal Protocol; revision of population forecasts by the World Bank and United Nations; publication of the IPCC Energy and Industry Sub-group scenario of greenhouse gas emissions to 2025; political events and economic changes in the former USSR, Eastern Europe and the Middle East; re-estimation of sources and sinks of greenhouse...
Page 171 - Department of Commerce. The Department of Commerce, through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) and the...
Page 353 - My name is Jerry Mahlman. I am the Director of the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) , in Princeton, New Jersey.
Page 39 - There are also a number of significant new findings and conclusions which we summarize as follows: Gases and Aerosols • Depletion of ozone in the lower stratosphere in the middle and high latitudes results in a decrease in radiative forcing which is believed to be comparable in magnitude to the radiative forcing contribution of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) (globally-averaged) over the last decade or so. • The cooling effect of aerosols (*) resulting from sulphur emissions may have offset a significant...