IX. METHODS OF INVESTIGATION International Venereal Disease Statistics.-Registration methods are so unlike that comparison between two countries is difficult. Statistics of still-birth, insanity, aneurism, etc., would throw light on venereal-disease prevalence, but these are not reliable at present. Strict secrecy in the registration of causes of death should increase the percentage of deaths reported due to venereal disease.-Knud Stouman, Social Hygiene, VII (October, 1921), 435-40. (IX, 1.) G. B. J. Intelligence Tests and the Classification of Pupils. I.-To determine reliability of tests, three were administered to the same groups. These three were (a) Chicago Group Intelligence Test, Form A; (b) Otis Group Test, advanced, Form A; (c) Terman Group Test, Form A. The average inter-test correlation was .77; 30 per cent of the pupils classified by one test were out of place according to another. Between onefifth and one-sixth were not properly classified by the test, judged by the criterion of composite scores. The average disparity between individual scores for the same pupils in two different tests was 6 points measured by the Chicago scale, 11.1 by the Otis, and 13.9 by the Terman scale—a degree of variability calling for great caution in the use of these tests for classifying pupils. Checking intelligence tests by comparison of deviation. The Otis test agreed more closely with each of the others than they did with each other, and showed less deviation from an assumed true deviation value. For the present it should be regarded as most reliable of the three for measuring the general intelligence of high-school Freshmen.-F. S. Breed and E. R. Breslich, School Review, XXX (January, 1922), 51-66. (IX, 2.) E. B. Clue-Aspects in Social Case Work.-Problems in case work are contributing to the development of a science of personality. The works of Shand, Paton, Wallas, and others are based on the conviction that a science of personality is possible. In general, personality is conceived as the product of interaction between one's biological endowment and his social milieu. Social case work and the study of personality: Social problems, since they represent aberrations or failures of the individual in social adjustment, present the case worker with the opportunity of analyzing personality in terms of group relationships. The author cites case studies of three unmarried mothers, analyzes them in terms of their relations to the hope group, and suggests certain categories which might aid the social worker in his analyses.-Ada E. Sheffield, Survey, XLVII (November 12, 1921), 241–43. (IX, 4.) G. B. J. X. GENERAL SOCIOLOGY AND METHODOLOGY OF THE SOCIAL SCIENCES Auguste Comte et Durkheim.-Durkheim as a successor to Auguste Comte has brought the positive philosophy down to earth and put it on a firm foundation. Comte, in opposition to Kant, thinks that morality is immanent in life; contrary to Durkheim, that it is anterior to given social conditions. Morality relative to the social organization in which it arises: Durkheim denies the existence of moral thought before the beginning of society. He regards morality as relative and determined by the existing society. According to Comte, human nature which is anterior to social determinism, creates morality.-F. Pécaut, Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, XXVIII (October-December, 1921), 639-55. (X, 1.) M.S. E. The Technological Interpretation of History.-The Marxian interpretation is technological, not economic. Marx and Engels held that the social process is based on changes in the modes of production, these changes affecting the economic, political, and social structure and the adjustments of man to them. The Marxian theory fails to take into account the ultimate forces in life, viz., human instincts, capacities and emotions, and the stimuli afforded by the environment.-Alvin H. Hansen, Quarterly Journal of Economy, XXXVI (November, 1921), 72–83. (X, 2.) G. B. J. A Century of Political Experience and Thought.-The nineteenth century was characterized by two distinct tendencies as regards the state: (1) The tendency to ignore the state; this characterizes English thought and syndicalism all over Europe. (2) The tendency to overemphasize competency of the state; such has characterized German political thinkers and Marxians. The three main currents of social thought which influenced nineteenth-century political problems: Positivism, Darwinism, and Marxism. The European of the latter half of the nineteenth century was more responsive to materialistic ideas than to any other. Economic and mechanistic development almost eliminated the ethical conception of society. The beginning of the twentieth century shows a predominance of the idea of increasing centralization of political power and the practical rehabilitation of Machiavellism.-Gregory Zilboorg, Political Science Quarterly, XXXVI (September, 1921), 391-408. (X, 2.) G. B. J. Les déviations éthico-sociales et la science économique.-The movement against classical political economy: The Christian Socialists, the Verein für Sozial Politik in Germany, the welfare economists in America and England, and the advocates of social liberalism have criticized classical political economy because it neglected moral and human values. Political economy, however, with its apparent support of egoism, has really served humanity. Economics and ethics: To insist on an ethical or moral political science is to confuse the meaning of science. A science can be neither moral nor immoral but has as its object only the search for truth. The object of political economy is to find general laws of value and exchange. Economics and progress: In contradiction to the policies of interventionists, political economy finds that progress is in inverse ratio to coercion of man by man and in direct ratio to man's control over things.-Yves-Guyot, Journal des Économistes, LXXX (November, 1921), 257-76. (X, 2.) M. S. E. Children's Courts in Russia.-Children's courts in all the chief cities are a communist innovation. They try all accused persons between fourteen and eighteen. Sentences are mild, being limited to warnings and reprimand, except in extreme cases.-Hans Niedermar, Survey, XLVII (November 19, 1921), 278-79. (X, 3.)_ G. B. J. BIBLIOGRAPHY Adamson, J. E. The Individual and the Allen, Charles Ricketson. The Foreman and His Job: A Handbook for Fore- Andrassy, Julius. Diplomacy and the Bass, John Foster, and Moulton, Harold Binyon, Gilbert Clive. The Christian Faith and the Social Revolution. New Blades, William C. Negro Poems, Bollman, Gladys, and Bollman, Henry. Book, William Frederick. The Intelligence of High School Seniors, as Revealed by a State-wide Survey of Indiana High Schools. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xviii+371. $2.40. Bouvier, E. L. The Psychic Life of Insects. Transl. by L. O. Howard. New York: Century Co. Pp. xvi+ 377. $2.00. Brill, Abraham Arden. Fundamental Conception of Psychoanalysis. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. Pp. v+344. $2.50. Psychoanalysis: Its Theories and Practical Application. Philadelphia, Pa.: W. B. Saunders Co., West Washington Square. Pp. 468. $5.00. Brooks, Fowler Dell. Changes in Mental Traits with Age Determined by Annual Re-Tests. New York: Teachers College, Columbia University, 241 W. 120th St. Pp. 86. $1.25, pap; $1.60. Brown, William, and Thompson, G. H. Essentials of Mental Measurement. Cambridge, Mass. Cambridge University Press. Pp. 216. Bryce, James, Viscount. International Relations Eight Lectures Delivered Burns, Cecil Delisle. The Principles of Capes, William Parr. The Modern City Chenery, William L. Industry and Human Welfare. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xii+169. $1.75. Churchward, Albert. Origin and Evolution of the Human Race. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xv+511. $12.50. Claridge, G. Cyril. Wild Bush Tribes of Tropical Africa: an Account of Adventure and Travel amongst Pagan People in Tropical Africa: With a Description of Their Manners of Life, Customs, Heathenish Rites and Ceremonies, Secret Societies, Sport and Warfare, Collected during a Sojourn of Twelve Years. Philadelphia, Pa.: J. B. Lippincott Co., E. Washington Square. Pp. 314. $5.00. Clunie, James. First Principles of Working Class Education. Detroit, Mich.: Marxian Educational Society, 5941 Jos. Campau Ave. Pp. 202. $2.00. Crane, Arthur Griswald. Education for the Disabled in War and Industry; Army Hospital Schools: A Demonstration for the Education of Disabled in Industry. New York: Teachers College, 241 W. 120th St. Pp. 83. $1.75. Desmond, Shaw. Labour: The Giant with the Feet of Clay. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 597 5th Ave. Pp. xii+251. $3.50. Devine, Edward Thomas. Social Work. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xvi+ 352. $3.00. Diefendorf, Dorr Frank. The Christian in Social Relationships. New York and Cincinnati: Methodist Book Concern. Pp. 125. $0.75. Ditchfield, Rev. Peter Hampson. The City of London. New York: Macmillan. Pp. vi+126. $1.50. Doughton, Isaac. Preparing for the World's Work: A Textbook in Prevocational Civics. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 597 5th Ave. Pp. xix+223. $1.00. Dowd, Jerome. Democracy in America. Oklahoma City, Okla.: Harlow Pub. Co. Pp. 506. $3.50. Edwards, C. E. The Coming of the Slav. Philadelphia, Pa.: Westminster Press, Witherspoon Bldg. Pp. 148. Ellis, Havelock, i.e., Henry Havelock, Little Essays of Love and Virtue. New York: George H. Doran, 244 Madison Ave. Pp. vii+186. $1.50. Eucken, Rudolf Christof. Socialism: An Analysis. New York: Charles Scrib ner's Sons. Pp. ix+188. $2.75. Evans, Ivor H. N. Among Primitive Peoples in Borneo: A Description of the Lives, Habits, Customs of the Piratical Head-Hunters of North Borneo. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, E. Washington Square. Pp. 318. $5.00. Fitzpatrick, Benedict. Ireland and the Making of Britain. New York: Funk & Wagnalls Co., 354 4th Ave. Pp. 363. $4.00. Fry, Henry P. The Modern Ku Klux Klan. Boston, Mass.: Small, Maynard & Co., 41 Mt. Vernon St. Pp. 259. $2.00. Ginsberg, Morris. Psychology of Society. London, E.C.: Methuen & Co., Ltd., 36 Essex St. Pp. 174. 55. Graham, Stephen. Europe-Whither Bound? New York: Appleton. Pp. x+224. $2.00. Green, George H. Psychoanalysis in the Classroom. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons, 2 W. 45th St. Pp. xi+ 272. $1.75. Hansen, M. L. Welfare Work in Iowa. Iowa City, Iowa: State Historical Society of Iowa. Pp. 321. Harrison, Elizabeth. Unseen Side of Child Life. New York: Macmillan. Pp. 179. $1.25. Hartman, Gertrude. The Child and His School: An Interpretation of Elementary Education as a Social Process. New York: E. P. Dutton & Co., 681 5th Ave. Pp. xiii+248. $3.00. Hay-Cooper, L. Josephine Butler and Her Work for Social Purity. New York: Macmillan. Pp. 160. $2.00. Hayes, A. W. Rural Community Organization. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. Pp. 128. $1.50. Herron, G. D. Defeat in the Victory. London, W.C.1.: Cecil Palmer, Oakley House, Bloomsbury St. Pp. 225. 7s. 6d. High, Stanley. China's Place in the Sun. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xxix+212. $1.75. Hill, Howard Copeland. Community Life and Civic Problems. Boston, Mass.: Ginn & Co. Pp. xx+528. $1.40. Hingley, R. H. Psycho-analysis. New York: Dodd, Mead & Co., 4th Ave. and 30th St. Pp. vii+190. $2.25. Hobhouse, L. T. Elements of Social Justice. London, W.C. I: George Allen & Unwin, Ltd., Ruskin House, 40 Museum St. Pp. 208. IOS. 6d. Hoffman, Conrad. In the Prison Camps of Germany: A Narrative of "Y" Service among Prisoners of War. New York: Association Press, 347 Madison Ave. Pp. 279. $4.00. Holden, Arthur C. The Settlement Idea: A Vision of Social Justice. Hooker, E. H. Laws of Sex. Boston, Huebner, Solomon S. The Stock ton & Co., 35 W. 32d St. Pp. xv+496. $3.00. Hughes, Ray Osgood. Elementary Community Civics. Boston: Allyn & Bacon. Pp. xiv+449. $1.20. Husslein, Joseph. Work, Wealth, and Wages. Chicago, Ill.: Matre & Co., 76 W. Lake St. Pp. 159. $1.00. Ingalls, Walter Renton. Wealth and Income of the American People: A Survey of the Economic Consequences of the War. York, Pa.: G. H. Merlin Co., 100 E. Philadelphia St. Pp. xiv+ 321. $4.00. Inman, Samuel Guy. Problems in PanAmericanism. New York: G. H. Doran, 244 Madison Ave. Pp. xii+ 415. $2.00. Johnsen, Julia E., comp. Selected Articles on the Negro Problem. New York: H. W. Wilson Co., 958 University Ave. Pp. xxxv+370. $2.25. Jones, Eliot. The Trust Company in the United States. New York: Macmillan. Pp. xx+598. $3.00. Kawakami, K. K. Real Japanese Question. New York: Macmillan. Pp. 269. $2.00. Kelso, Robert W. The History of Public Poor Relief in Massachusetts, 16201920. Boston, Mass.: Houghton Mifflin Co., 4 Park St. Pp. 200. $2.50. Kolnai, Aurel. Psychoanalysis and Soci ology. New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co. Pp. 185. $2.25. Kuhlmann, F. Handbook of Mental Lapp, John Augustus. The Catholic MacLean, Annie Marion. Some Problems of Reconstruction. Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 330 E. Ohio St. Pp. 150. $1.00. MacManus, Seumas. Story of the Irish National Conference of Social Work. National Industrial Conference Board. Family Budgets of American WageEarners: A Critical Analysis. New York: Century Co. Pp. viii+97. $1.00. National Industrial Conference Board. Wages in Great Britain, France and Germany. New York: Century Co. Pp. vii+110. $1.50. Newsholme, Arthur. Prohibition in America and Its Relation to the Problem of Public Control of Personal Conduct. London, S.W. I: P. S. King & Son, Ltd., Orchard House, Westminster. Pp. 68. 2s. 6d. O'Connor, John Bonaventure. Monasticism and Civilization. New York: P. J. Kenedy & Sons, 44 Barclay St. Pp. ix+253. $1.75. Osler, Sir William. The Evolution of Modern Medicine: A Series of Lectures Delivered at Yale University on the Silliman Foundation, in April, 1913, New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press. Pp. xiv+243. $6.00. Park, Robert E. Immigrant Press and Its Control. New York: Harper & Bros., Franklin Square. Pp. 487. $2.50. Parker, C. S. Working with the Working Woman. New York: Harper & Bros., Franklin Square. Pp. 246. $2.00. Pasvolsky, Leo. Russia in the Far East. New York: Macmillan. Pp. ix+181. $1.75. Pettigrew, Richard Franklin. Triumphant Plutocracy: A Story of American Public Life from 1870 to 1920. New York: Academy Press, 112 4th Ave. Pp. 445. $1.00. Pfister, Oskar. Psycho-analysis in the Service of Education, Being an Introduction to Psycho-analysis. London, W.C. 1: Henry Kimpton, 263 High Holborn. Pp. 176. 6s. Procter, Arthur W. Principles of Public Personnel Administration. New York: Daniel Appleton & Co., 35 W. 32d St. Pp. 243. $3.00. Purdom, C. B. Town Theory and Practice. London, E.C. 4: Benn Bros., Ltd., 8 Bouverie St. Pp. 139. 55. Rainwater, Clarence Elmer. The Play Movement in the United States: A Study of Community Recreation. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. Pp. xi+371. $2.75. Reinsch, Paul Samuel. Secret Diplomacy: How Far Can It Be Eliminated? New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., I W. 47th St. Pp. 231. $2.00. Richmond, Mary Ellen. What Is Social Case Work? New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 130 E. 22d St. Pp. 268. $1.00. Robie, Walter Franklin. The Art of Love. Boston: R. G. Badger Co., 194 Boylston St. Pp. 386. $7.50. Rowntree, M. L. Social Freedom: A Study in the Application of the Ethics of Jesus to Modern Social and Industrial Problems. London, E.C. 2: Com. on War and the Social Order, Devonshire House, 136 Bishopsgate. Pp. 172. 2s. 6d. S., E. S. A Liberal Code of Sexual Ethics. New York: Cosmopolis Press, 257 W. 71st St. Pp. vi+1I. $1.50. Sadler, William Samuel. Race Decadence: An Examination of the Causes of Racial Degeneracy in the United States. Chicago, Ill.: McClurg, 330 E. Ohio St. Pp. x+421. $2.50. Saunders, J. R. The Chinese as They Are. New York: Fleming H. Revell & Co., 158 5th Ave. Pp. 176. $1.50. |