subject was "The Development of Modern Penology." The lecture will appear in an early number of the Political Science Quarterly.

UNIVERSITY OF NORTH CAROLINA

The School of Public Welfare has just issued, through the extension division of the university, the following bulletins: Attainable Standards in Municipal Programs, A Report of the First Regional Conference on Town and County Administration, Prepared by Howard W. Odum; The Rural Playground, Prepared by Harold D. Meyer; Social Service and Public Welfare, Prepared by J. F. Steiner and Howard W. Odum; The Parent-Teacher Association, A Manual for North Carolina, Prepared by Harold D. Meyer; the 1922-23 Bulletin of Announcements, together with statement of opportunities in research and study in the social sciences at the University of North Carolina.

The department of rural social science has just issued its latest North Carolina Yearbook which is a volume of some thirty or more papers on North Carolina, Industrial and Urban, carefully edited by Professor E. C. Branson. These papers are the result of the year's work of the North Carolina Club, now in its eighth year under the direction of Dr. Branson.

Work has begun on the new social-science building which will be ready for occupancy in the fall of 1922. This building will be well equipped with seminar rooms, departmental libraries, statistical laboratory, offices, classrooms, and auditorium. On the first floor will be the departments of rural social science, sociology, and the School of Public Welfare.

The University announces for early publication The Journal of Social Forces, to be published quarterly and devoted to the promotion of social work and public welfare. In addition to contributed articles it will have regularly six departments of special contributions: "InterState Reports from the Fields of Public Welfare and Social Work," "Reports and Methods of Teaching the Social Sciences in the High Schools," "Inter-Racial Relations and Activities in the Southern States Local Committees," "National, State, and Local Country Life Programs," "Current Progress in Town and City Programs," "Reviews of Books and Literature." While it is primarily intended as a medium of exchange of practical knowledge for the southern states it is not limited to the South either in its scope or its editorial board.

OHIO WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY

In the fall of 1920 Ohio Wesleyan University established the department of sociology for the first time, separating the work from economics.

At that time Mr. Bruce L. Melvin was put in charge of the work. During the year of 1920-21 Mrs. Melvin aided in the department by teaching one course each semester. Also during the year 1920-21 Mr. Melvin finished his thesis and took his Ph.D. in the spring from the University of Missouri. In the fall of 1921 Mr. Frank W. Hoffer, B.D., M.A., of the University of Chicago, through the co-operation of Ohio Wesleyan University and the Methodist Board of Home Missions was added to the department, specializing in the field of the rural church, especially on the side of social development of the rural church. Also Miss Ruth Fenderich, A.B. of Oberlin, and M.A. of Columbia, was added to the department specializing in the field of the races, giving courses in the negro problem and immigration this year. During the present year the department has been co-operating with the Ohio Federation of Churches through their representative Dr. Brugh, who has been aiding in a house-to-house survey of Delaware County. Also the department has been co-operating with different communities in the development of community work throughout Delaware County, in the organization of community councils and social and recreational programs.

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Five extension classes in sociology are being conducted this semester in southern California by the University at which somewhat over 200 public school teachers and principals are enrolled.

During the summer session of 1922 Professor Clarence M. Case, of the University of Iowa, will offer two courses: one in "Human Culture and Races," and the other in "Democracy and Social Progress."

Professor E. S. Bogardus read a paper upon the Relation of Public Health to Social Problems at the California State Conference of Social Agencies held in April at San Diego.

Mr. D. F. McLaughlin, Superintendent of County Charities, was the chief speaker at the recent meeting of the Southern California Sociological Society, the subject of his address being "Interesting Clients That I Have Known."

Alice M. Fesler, A.M., has been elected Instructor in Sociology and Supervisor of Social Case Work. The department of sociology now has the full-time service of five teachers, who, together with lecturers giving regular courses, are conducting thirty-one classes each semester.

MASTER'S THESES AND DOCTORAL DISSERTATIONS

Because of the limited space in this issue, the Annual List of Students' Dissertations in Sociology will appear in the July number of the Journal.

REVIEWS

Property. By ARTHUR JEROME EDDY, with a Preface by HORACE J. BRIDGES. Chicago: A. C. McClurg and Company, 1921. Pp. 254. $2.50.

With the possible exception of Withers' The Case for Capitalism, no book has more plausibly than the present one briefed an argument in rebuttal of the charges since Marx against our present property system. Such men as John D. Rockefeller, Russell Sage, Andrew Carnegie, and Marshall Field were serving the public better when they were accumulating their fortunes than when they or their representatives were spending it; the Marshall Field will, designed to hold his productive investments together as long as possible, was a sort of instrument to be encouraged; if Henry George could have his way he would do for nations in general what Lenin has done to Petrograd. So runs the recital. Incidentally, it brings out aspects of the human process which critics of our present society have neglected. After all, however, Mr. Eddy's admissions, one of his premises even, will weigh more in the ultimate summing-up than these considerations. The fact that he was a lawyer of large practice gives to these admissions significance which they would not have if submitted by an academic man or an agitator. People of capitalistic sympathies should welcome the book because it formulated their case more plausibly than previous efforts. People of proletarian sympathies should read it as a partial corrective of superficialism.

UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO

ALBION W. SMALL

Major Social Problems. By RUDOLPH M. BINDER, Ph.D. New York: Prentice-Hall, 1920. Pp. 324. $2.00

This useful handbook gives many of the leading facts, together with an interpretation of the facts, concerning social institution and processes. The family as a social institution, feminism, the eugenics movement, together with the socialization of business, of religion, and of education are some of the main topics. Without analyzing the principle by which he distinguishes between minor and major problems, the author, however, uses sound judgment in his choice of major social problems.

Throughout the book Dr. Binder carefully postulates two fundamental concepts, namely: (1) the definite social environment into

which (2) the individual is born, and which influences him and which he influences. The author fulfils the promise which he makes in the Preface by maintaining a spirit of courage and an open mind. For example, he declares that our nation, standing sponsor for small nations, must beware of helping only the few great land owners and other privileged persons in these nations. He urges the socialization of business, by which he means that all business transactions shall be governed according to the principle of service to employees and the public rather than by the principle of profits.

The author's fundamental thesis is revealed in the proposition that the major social problem is an educational one, namely, that of socializing all men and at the same time of making all men economically efficient. The reading references and the questions for each chapter will add to the value of the book as a text for study groups.

EMORY S. BOGARDUS

UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

The Immigrant Press and Its Control. By ROBERT E. PARK. New York: Harper & Bros., 1922. Pp. xx+488. $2.50.

The present volume is one of the Americanization Studies prepared under the direction of Allen T. Burns. It deals with one particular phase of immigrant activities, supplementing the general analysis of immigrant heritages undertaken in a previous volume in this series, Old World Traits Transplanted, by Professors Park and Miller. Part I treats of "The Soil for the Immigrant Press," Part II, "The Contents of the Foreign-Language Press," Part III, "The Natural History of the Immigrant Press," and Part IV, "Control of the Press." Like the volume just mentioned, it is liberally supplied with original documents which alone would give it high value. Much of the original material is taken from immigrant papers, but some of it, and often the best, is from documents prepared especially for this study. The press furnishes an accurate index of the character and the sources of the immigrant stream. Thus it is shown that there has been in recent decades a relative decline in the number of German papers, with a corresponding growth among the newer immigrant groups. Other notable features are an increase of radical papers accompanying the change from the "settler" type of immigrant to the proletarian type, and a gradual shading off from the language of the intellectuals to that of the folk.

But the deeper import of the book lies in its interpretation of the foreign-language press as a factor in assimilation. Herein it is to be

compared with Thomas and Znaniecki's Polish Peasant in Europe and America, though it covers a wider range of groups than that valuable collection, and condenses the interpretative discussion into narrower limits. While never descending into controversy Professor Park leaves no doubt of his detachment from that faddist-sentimentalist type of thought (not wholly absent from the curricula of certain enterprising universities) which holds that Americanization is an outside process to be administered mechanically, and to be finished off with the formula, "There, now you are Americanized. Next." He values at their full worth those heritages, including language, which the Old World people bring with them and, instead of attempting to eradicate these by legislation or taboo, would accept them as useful agents in the assimilation process, in some cases into the second or third generation. Even when the immigrant press is wholly nationalistic in content and intention it may play its part in socialization, because present adjustment within one group and adherence to any heritages, however alien, is more helpful toward ultimate adjustment to America than mere houseless detachment.

Until the world-war came the immigrant press had grown up as a wild, inorganic product outside the American consciousness. The war made it necessary to use this important factor of control, with the result that both America and the immigrant press have begun to be aware of each other, to the advantage of both. Americans have been placidly content to allow nationalist groups to believe and to assert that this country is not a nation but merely a place to live, where incomers have a perfect right to settle and govern themselves according to their own standards. America has now been forced to become aware of herself as well as of these alien groups. What direction this new awareness shall take is at present a problem of greatest moment. Agencies like the Inter-Racial Council and the Foreign-Language Information Service of the Red Cross are undertaking to use the press as a means of bringing the two into organic relations. Professor Park is inclined to doubt the practicability of some of their methods, nor does he believe that any system of merely mechanical control is likely to succeed.

Probably few Americans will consent to worry much over Ratzenhoefer's prediction that increasing density of population will ultimately solidify our foreign-language groups into militant self-defense bodies which may become dangerous to national unity. Our nonchalant optimism is possibly foolish; but again there may lie unconscious wisdom in the policy of gradual infiltration rather than sudden coercive transformation. For if the foreign-language press is itself a "phenomenon of immigration," the massed colonies in our larger centers are probably no