It is in the many leisure hours that the individuality of the person and the destiny of the nation are being developed. Creative instincts baffled: Specialization and the invention of machines have taken the creative element out of most work. The future of industry holds forth no promise of improvement in this condition in spite of educational palliatives and the hope of democratization. The opportunity of afterwork hours: Americans have had a shortsighted and negative conception of leisure time. The shortened work day leaves the worker a surplus of energy with which he may meet his spiritual needs and work out his destiny. The increase in his leisure intensifies the worker's obligation to self-development. The individual's responsibility: After democracy has given each one his chance, it is the individual's personal responsibility to develop his innate powers. Four activities in leisure hours that contribute to individual power: Candor and mental discipline may come to Americans through study. A hobby helps to develop individuality. Cultivating the play spirit has great personal and social benefits. One grows in stature in serving his community. The worker's desire and capacity for education and cultural activities: Whether it be Louis Pasteur's father toiling over his grammar at fifty, the carter and the charwoman in England, or the New York garment worker, we find workers eager to give their spare time to gain knowledge that will enlarge their lives. Undeveloped fields of leisure time opportunity: Universities and colleges may provide extension courses for workers emphasizing cultural subjects along the lines of the Amherst experiment. A still broader field lies in community organization of leisure-time activities on a nonsectarian, non-partisan, and non-commercial basis.

Under normal industrial conditions, it is stated, a city of one hundred and twenty-five thousand has each day a million free hours of leisure. Accurate or not, these figures are a compelling reminder of the tremendous asset of non-work hours at the people's command. It is chiefly in these hours that the destiny of the nation

is determined. It is their use of leisure largely that molds the individuality of the nation's men and women.

In the United States we may well face more candidly actual conditions in work and in leisure and build from our increased knowledge a fresh and constructive philosophy of leisure time. We shall not want to stop at that, but the adoption of a positive mental attitude is essential to a socially beneficial program of leisure. Present facts in industry repudiate the theory of work to which many today adhere. The factory system, specialization, efficiency methods, have revolutionized the daily tasks of the mass of the people and contradict the idea that all work is disciplinary, that it builds character and develops a man's innate powers. In his book What Men Live By, Dr. Richard Cabot tells of the derisive laughter that swept in wave on wave through the audience of manual laborers in Fanueil Hall when the president of the Boston Labor Union spoke of Dr. Eliot's address on the "Joy of Work." Joy in work was a bitter joke to these men whose daily work was uninteresting, monotonous, and instinct-defeating. The poet sings:

But does shoveling sand hour after hour and day after day set the laborer's brain and soul on fire? Do the swift movements of the typist's fingers spring from her heart's desire? Plainly the poet is shouting the praises of creative, inspiring work, not that which baffles self-expression.

Hopefully we strain our gaze into the future of industry and yet can discern little sign that the work of the many can be made less specialized. The wheels of progress do not turn backwards. Employers endeavor to combat the waning interest of the workers by varying work, by providing lectures and moving pictures showing the place of each man's task in the complete process of production, and by establishing trade schools. It is the hope of some that democratization may add general interest in industry and render monotonous toil more endurable. These expedients may