Countdown to Kyoto, Parts I-III: Hearings Before the Subcommittee on Energy and Environment of the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fifth Congress, First Session, October 7, 9, and November 6, 1997, Part 1U.S. Government Printing Office, 1998 - 2418 pages |
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Page 43
... forcing . For these and other reasons , there were a few scientists who were skeptical about the balance of evidence statement from the beginning . But now there are a growing number of scientists ex- pressing doubts . It may be a ...
... forcing . For these and other reasons , there were a few scientists who were skeptical about the balance of evidence statement from the beginning . But now there are a growing number of scientists ex- pressing doubts . It may be a ...
Page 46
... forcing is real and the physics relatively well understood . What is much more uncertain , and the cause of much of the scientific debate , is the complex system that determines the response of our climate to this radiative forcing ...
... forcing is real and the physics relatively well understood . What is much more uncertain , and the cause of much of the scientific debate , is the complex system that determines the response of our climate to this radiative forcing ...
Page 48
... forcing . There are other difficulties associated with the inadequacies in climate observations and poor knowledge of past levels of aerosols and their quantitative effects on sunlight reflection . For these and other reasons , there ...
... forcing . There are other difficulties associated with the inadequacies in climate observations and poor knowledge of past levels of aerosols and their quantitative effects on sunlight reflection . For these and other reasons , there ...
Page 49
... forcing , and the needed level of policy response . 6 Another calibration for policy response is provided by estimation of the climate changes avoided by enacting specific regulations . To do this very well , requires significant ...
... forcing , and the needed level of policy response . 6 Another calibration for policy response is provided by estimation of the climate changes avoided by enacting specific regulations . To do this very well , requires significant ...
Page 62
... forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols . J. Geophys . Res . , submitted ( with W. Pan and G. McRae ) . Uncertainty analysis of direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols . J. Geophys . Res . , 102 , 21915-12924 ( with ...
... forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols . J. Geophys . Res . , submitted ( with W. Pan and G. McRae ) . Uncertainty analysis of direct radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulfate aerosols . J. Geophys . Res . , 102 , 21915-12924 ( with ...
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achieve Administration aerosols agreement American American Meteorological Society analysis Annex I countries Association atmosphere benefits carbon dioxide carbon emissions carbon tax Chairman CALVERT Chupka climate models climate system CO₂ CO2 emissions coal Committee concentrations cost-effective costs developing countries economic electricity emission limits emission reductions emissions trading energy efficiency energy prices energy-intensive Environment environmental estimates forecast fossil fuels future gases GCMs GHG emissions Global Change global climate change global warming greenhouse effect greenhouse gas emissions human impacts implementation improved increase industry Institute investment IPCC issue Kyoto lead authors measures mitigation Montreal Protocol National natural gas options ozone Panel on Climate pollution potential predictions President production projected proposed radiative forcing reduce emissions reduce greenhouse gas regions result risks satellite scenarios Science scientific scientists sector Subcommittee SUMMARY FOR POLICYMAKERS technologies temperature testimony treaty uncertainty United Virginia Washington
Popular passages
Page 558 - Convention, stabilization of greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.
Page 571 - the balance of evidence suggests a discernible human influence on global climate...
Page 589 - Affirming that responses to climate change should be coordinated with social and economic development in an integrated manner with a view to avoiding adverse impacts on the latter, taking into full account the legitimate priority needs of developing countries for the achievement of sustained economic growth and the eradication of poverty...
Page 45 - J. Antsaklis received his Diploma in Mechanical and Electrical Engineering from the National Technical University of Athens, Greece in 1972 and his M.Sc and Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Brown University, Providence, RI in 1974 and 1977, respectively.
Page 595 - Our ability to quantify the human influence on global climate is currently limited because the expected signal is still emerging from the noise of natural variability, and because there are uncertainties in key factors. These include the magnitude and patterns of...
Page 581 - desertification' means land degradation in arid, semi-arid and dry sub-humid areas resulting from various factors, including climatic variations and human activities...
Page 6 - Nevertheless, the balance of evidence suggests that there is a discernible human influence on global climate.
Page 596 - IPCC scenario (IS92e) combined with a "high" value of climate sensitivity gives a warming of about 3.5°C. In all cases the average rate of warming would probably be greater than any seen in the last 10,000 years, but the actual annual to decadal changes would include considerable natural variability. Regional temperature changes could differ substantially from the global mean value. Because of the thermal inertia of the oceans, only 50-90% of the eventual equilibrium temperature change would have...
Page 162 - Economic studies have found that there are many potential policies to reduce greenhouse gas emissions for which the total benefits outweigh the total costs. For the United States in particular, sound economic analysis shows that there are policy options that would slow climate change without...
Page 581 - CO2 equilibrium conditions, a substantial fraction (a global average of one-third, varying by region from one-seventh to twothirds) of the existing forested area of the world will undergo major changes in broad vegetation types — with...