cantly reduce the risks from unintentional release of radioactive material from the various engineered barriers of nuclear powerplants and (B) reduce the radiation exposure to workers during plant operation and maintenance; (3) develop potentially cost-beneficial generic methods and designs that will significantly improve the performance of operators of nuclear powerplants under routine, abnormal, and accident conditions; (4) identify the effect of total or partial automation of generic plant systems on reactor safety, operation, reliability, economics, and operator performance; (5) conduct further experimental investigations under abnormal operational and postulated accident conditions primarily for light water reactors to determine the consequences of such conditions. These investigations shall include, but not be limited to, the following: (A) fuel failure at higher than standard burn-up levels; (B) fuel-cladding interactions; (C) fuel and cladding interactions with coolant under various temperatures and pressures; (D) thermohydraulic behavior in the reactor core; (E) mechanisms to suppress and control the generation of hydrogen gas; (F) improved instrumentation for monitoring reactor cores; (G) engineered-barrier failure modes; and (H) fission product release and transport from failed fuel; (6) provide for the examination and analysis of any nuclear powerplant fuel, component, or system which the Secretary deems to offer significant benefit in safety analysis and which is made available to the Secretary for a nominal cost, such as $1: Provided, however, That the Secretary shall accept only the number of samples of such fuel, component, or system necessary to carry out such examination and analysis; and (7) identify the aptitudes, training, and manning levels which are necessary to assure reliable operator performance under normal, abnormal, and emergency conditions. (b) In carrying out the generic safety research, development, and demonstration program established under this chapter, the Secretary (1) shall coordinate with the Commission and, to the extent necessary, enter into a new memorandum of understanding or revise existing memoranda for the purpose of eliminating unnecessary duplication and avoiding programmatic conflict with any reactor safety research program of the Commission, including the Improved Safety Systems Research program; (2) shall, to the extent practical, coordinate his activities with such other Government agencies, foreign governments, and industry as he deems appropriate to utilize their expertise, to minimize duplication of effort, and to ensure that information useful for improved concepts applicable to nuclear power plant safety can be applied in a timely manner. The Secretary may enter into agreements and memoranda of understanding to accomplish these ends, but no such agreement shall have the effect of delaying the development and implementation of programs authorized under this chapter; (3) shall utilize, to the extent feasible, underutilized federally owned research reactors and facilities, along with the associated personnel, to maintain existing capabilities and to ensure that the research is generic in nature; and (4) shall make such recommendations as are practical to minimize the complexity of nuclear powerplant systems, including secondary systems, and operations. (Pub. L. 96-567, § 4, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3330.) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of certain functions from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the Chairman thereof, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1980, 45 F.R. 40561, 94 Stat. 3585, set out as a note under section 5841 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 9707 of this title. § 9704. National reactor engineering simulator feasibility study (a) Consultative requirements; purpose The Secretary, in consultation with the Commission and the Advisory Committee, shall initiate a study of the need for and feasibility of establishing a reactor engineering simulator facility at a national laboratory, for the primary purpose of fostering research in generic design improvements and simplifications through the simulation of the performance of various types of light water reactors under a wide variety of abnormal conditions and postulated accident conditions. (b) Applicability of relevant factors In performing the study, the Secretary shall consider relevant factors including, but not limited to (1) the potential advantages that would accrue from the establishment of such a facility; (2) the extent to which such a facility would further the generic safety research and development program established by this chapter; (3) the extent to which such a facility can be established by nongovernmental entities; (4) the opportunities for cost sharing by nongovernmental entities in the construction and operation of such a facility; (5) the importance of such a facility in emergencies to limit the extent of any future nuclear powerplant excursions; (6) the potential for international cooperation in the establishment and operation of such a facility; and (7) the appropriate national laboratory for siting such a facility. (c) Report to Congressional committees The Secretary shall, by January 1, 1982, submit to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources of the Senate a report characterizing the study and the resulting conclusions and recommendations. (Pub. L. 96-567, §5, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3331.) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of certain functions from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the Chairman thereof, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1980, 45 F.R. 40561, 94 Stat. 3585, set out as a note under section 5841 of this title. § 9705. Federal Nuclear Operations Corps' study (a) Cooperation and coordination requirements; purpose The Secretary, in cooperation with the Nuclear Regulatory Commission, shall initiate a study as to the sufficiency of efforts in the United States to provide specially trained professionals to operate the controls of nuclear powerplants and other facilities in the back-end of the nuclear fuel cycle. In carrying out the study, the Secretary shall coordinate his activities with the ongoing programs of the utility industry and other Federal governmental agencies for obtaining high standards of operator performance. (b) Assessments (1) In conducting the study the Secretary shall assess the desirability and feasibility of creating a Federal Corps of such professionals to inspect and supervise such operations. (2) The assessment shall consider the establishment of an academy to train Corps professionals in all aspects of nuclear technology, nuclear operations, nuclear regulatory and related law, and health science. (3) The assessment shall include the appropriate organizational approach for the establishment of a Federal Corps within the executive branch. (c) Report to Congress The Secretary shall complete the study within one year after December 22, 1980, and shall submit a report along with his recommendations to the Congress. (Pub. L. 96-567, § 6, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3332.) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of certain functions from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the Chairman thereof, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1980, 45 F.R. 40561, 94 Stat. 3585, set out as a note under section 5841 of this title. § 9706. Dissemination of information The Secretary shall assure that full and complete safety-related information resulting from any project or other activity conducted under this chapter is made available in a timely manner to appropriate committees of Congress, Federal, State, and local authorities, relevant segments of private industry, the scientific community, and the public. (Pub. L. 96-567, §7, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3332.) § 9707. Comprehensive program management plan (a) Preparation; scope; consultative requirements The Secretary is authorized and directed to prepare a comprehensive program management plan for the conduct of research, development, and demonstration activities under this chapter consistent with the provisions of section 9703 of this title. In the preparation of such plan, the Secretary shall consult with the Commission and the Advisory Committee and with the heads of such other Government agencies and such public and private organizations as he deems appropriate. (b) Transmission to Congressional committees; revisions The Secretary shall transmit the comprehensive program management plan along with any comments by the Commission on the plan to the Committee on Science and Technology of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Energy and Natural Resources and the Committee on Environment and Public Works of the Senate within twelve months after December 22, 1980. Revisions to the plan shall be transmitted to such committees whenever deemed appropriate by the Secretary. (c) Transmission to Congress of detailed description of plan in effect; description requirements Concurrently with the submission of the President's annual budget to the Congress for each year after the year in which the comprehensive plan is initially transmitted under subsection (b) of this section, the Secretary shall transmit to the Congress a detailed description of the comprehensive plan as then in effect. The detailed description of the comprehensive plan under this subsection shall include, but need not be limited to, a statement setting forth any change in (1) the program strategies and plans, including detailed milestone goals to be achieved during the next fiscal year for all major activities and projects; (2) the economic, environmental, and societal significance which the program may have; (3) the total estimated cost of individual program items; and (4) the estimated relative financial contributions of the Federal Government and nonFederal participants in the program. Such description shall also include a detailed justification of any such changes, a description of the progress made toward achieving the goals of this chapter, a statement on the status of interagency cooperation in meeting such goals, and any legislative or other recommendations which the Secretary may have to help attain such goals. (Pub. L. 96-567, § 8, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3332.) TRANSFER OF FUNCTIONS For transfer of certain functions from the Nuclear Regulatory Commission to the Chairman thereof, see Reorg. Plan No. 1 of 1980, 45 F.R. 40561, 94 Stat. 3585, set out as a note under section 5841 of this title. § 9708. Authorization of appropriations There is authorized to be appropriated to the Secretary to carry out this chapter such sums as may be authorized by legislation hereafter enacted. Sec. 9815. 9816. (Pub. L. 96-567, § 9, Dec. 22, 1980, 94 Stat. 3333.) 9817. 9818. 9819. CHAPTER 105-COMMUNITY SERVICES PROGRAMS 9820. SUBCHAPTER I-COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT 9821. 9832. 9833. 9834. (b) Function. 9835. (c) Local advisory community invest "Community development corporation" defined. (b) Technical assistance to community Small Business Administration and Depart- Department of Housing and Urban Develop- Department of Agriculture and Farmers Evaluation of programs; implementation and Nondiscrimination provisions. 9822. Availability of certain appropriated funds. SUBCHAPTER II-HEAD START PROGRAMS 9831. Statement of purpose and policy. 9836. 9837. 9838. Definitions. Financial assistance for Head Start programs; funds not to be considered. Authorization of appropriations. Allotment of funds. (a) Distribution of appropriations; priorities, etc. (b) Federal share. (c) Services covered. (d) Enrollment of handicapped children and provision of services; report to Congress. (e) Distribution of benefits between residents of rural and urban areas. Designation of Head Start agencies. (a) Authorization; prerequisites. (b) Definition. (c) Priority. (d) Designation; Head Start agency; qualified applicants. (e) Applicability. (f) Involvement of parents and area residents in selection of agencies. Powers and functions of Head Start agencies. (a) Receipt, administration, and transfer of funds; sponsorship of projects; delegation of authority, etc. (b) Participation of parents in decisionmaking, implementation, etc. (c) Coordination with other agencies. Submission of plans to Governors. Administrative requirements and standards. (a) Employment practices, nonpartisanship, staff accountability, public access to information, etc. (b) Development and administrative costs of programs. (c) Rules and regulations; special or simplified requirements for small agencies; common or joint use of facilities. (d) Publication and notification of proposed rules, etc. Participation in Head Start programs. (a) Criteria for eligibility (b) Establishment of fee schedule or charging of fees; payment by families willing and able to pay (a) Modification of interest rates. 9840. 9841. Records and audits. 9843. (c) Availability of more than one year of services; children eligible Appeals, notice, and hearing. Technical assistance and training. ping condition as basis for denial of financial assistance. DEVELOPMENT PROGRAM Child development projects. (a) Enhancement of physical, social, emotional, and intellectual development of low-income children; operating grants; contracts; considerations concerning eligible agency. (b) Planning grants; limitation; applica- (c) Supportive services for low-income (e) Evaluation of projects. (f) Report to Congress on evaluation. Limitation. Applicability of certain rules and regulations. Continuing evaluation of projects. (a) Effectiveness in achieving goals. (b) Persons authorized to conduct. (c) Independent evaluations. General administration. Definitions. Authorization of appropriations. SUBCHAPTER I-COMMUNITY ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT SUBCHAPTER REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This subchapter is referred to in sections 4953, 9910 of this title. § 9801. Statement of purpose The purpose of this subchapter is to encourage the development of special programs by which the residents of urban and rural low income areas may, through self-help and mobilization of the community at large, with appropriate Federal assistance, improve the quality of their economic and social participation in community life in such a way as to contribute to the elimination of poverty and the establishment of permanent economic and social benefits. (Pub. L. 97-35, title VI, § 612, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 489.) SHORT TITLE OF 1988 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 100-297, title II, § 2501, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 325, provided that: "This part [part E (§§ 2501-2504) of title II of Pub. L. 100-297, enacting subchapter V of this chapter, amending section 9833 of this title, and enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and section 9881 of this title] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Child Development Centers Act of 1988"." SHORT TITLE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 99-425, § 1, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 966, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 8628a, 9812a, 9910b, and 10901 to 10905 of this title, amending sections 8621, 8623, 8624, 8629, 9803, 9834, 9835, 9837, 9840, 9862, 9867, 9871, 9874, 9877, 9901 to 9904, 9905a, 9908 to 9910, and 9910a of this title and section 4033 of Title 20, Education, enacting provisions set out as notes under this section and sections 8621, 8623, and 10901 of this title, and amending provisions set out as notes under section 9861 of this title and section 1932 of Title 7, Agriculture] may be cited as the 'Human Services Reauthorization Act of 1986'." SHORT TITLE OF 1984 AMENDMENT Pub. L. 98-558, § 1, Oct. 30, 1984, 98 Stat. 2878, provided: "That this Act [enacting sections 9871 to 9877, 9905a, and 9910a of this title and sections 1070d-31 to 1070d-41, 1119d to 1119d-8, 1119e to 1119e-5, and 4201 to 4206 of Title 20, Education, amending sections 2991b, 2992b to 2992d, 6862, 6865, 8621 to 8624, 8626, 8627, 8629, 9832, 9834 to 9836, 9840, 9843, 9844, 9846, 9862, 9901, 9902, 9904, 9908, and 9910 of this title and section 4061 of Title 20, enacting provisions set out as notes under sections 2991, 8621, and 9904 of this title, and amending provisions set out as a note under section 9861 of this title] may be cited as the 'Human Services Reauthorization Act'." SHORT TITLE Section 611 of subchapter A (§§ 611-633) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "This subchapter [enacting this subchapter] may be cited as the 'Community Economic Development Act of 1981'." Section 635 of subchapter B (§§ 635-657) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "This subchapter [enacting subchapter II of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Head Start Act'." Section 661 of subchapter C (§§ 661-670) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "This subchapter [enacting subchapter III of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Follow Through Act." Section 670H of subchapter D (§§ 670A-670H) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35, as added by Pub. L. 99-425, title III, § 304, Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 968, provided that: "This subchapter [enacting subchapter IV of this chapter] may be cited as the 'State Dependent Care Development Grants Act'." Section 670M of subchapter E (§§ 670M-670T) of chapter 8 of subtitle A of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35, as added by Pub. L. 100-297, title II, § 2503, Apr. 28, 1988, 102 Stat. 325, provided that: "This subchapter [enacting subchapter V of this chapter] may be cited as the 'Comprehensive Child Development Act'." INCONSISTENT LAWS SUPERSEDED DURING FISCAL YEARS 1982, 1983, AND 1984 Section 601 of subtitle A (§§ 601-670) of title VI of Pub. L. 97-35 provided that: "(a) Any provision of law which is not consistent with the provisions of this subtitle hereby is superseded and shall have only such force and effect during each of the fiscal years 1982, 1983, and 1984 which is consistent with this subtitle. "(b) Notwithstanding any authorization of appropriations for fiscal year 1982, 1983, or 1984 contained in any provision of law which is specified in this subtitle, no funds are authorized to be appropriated in excess of the limitations imposed upon appropriations by the provisions of this subtitle." § 9802. "Community development corporation" defined For purposes of this subchapter, the term "community development corporation” means a nonprofit organization responsible to residents of the area it serves which is receiving financial assistance under part A and any organization more than 50 percent of which is owned by such an organization, or otherwise controlled by such an organization, or designated by such an organization for the purpose of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 97-35, title VI, § 613, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 489.) § 9803. Source of funds The Secretary is authorized to use funds made available to the Secretary under section 9910(c) of this title for purposes of carrying out the provisions of this subchapter. (Pub. L. 97-35, title VI, § 614, Aug. 13, 1981, 95 Stat. 489; Pub. L. 99-425, title IV, § 405(c)(3), Sept. 30, 1986, 100 Stat. 970.) AMENDMENTS 1986-Pub. L. 99-425 substituted "9910(c)" for "9910(b)". EFFECTIVE DATE OF 1986 AMENDMENT Amendment by Pub. L. 99-425 effective Oct. 1, 1986, see section 1001 of Pub. L. 99-425, set out as a note under section 8621 of this title. § 9804. Advisory Community Investment Board (a) National Community Investment Board; functions, composition, etc. (1) The President is authorized to establish a National Advisory Community Investment Board (hereinafter in this section referred to as the "Investment Board"). Such Investment Board shall be composed of 15 members appointed, for staggered terms and without regard to the civil service laws, by the President, in consultation with the Secretary of Health and Human Services (hereinafter in this subchapter referred to as the "Secretary"). Such members shall be representative of the investment and business communities and appropriate fields of endeavor related to this subchapter. The Investment Board shall meet at the call of the chairperson, but not less often than 3 times each year. The Secretary and the administrator of community economic develop |