The Bank is hereby authorized, without notice to the undersigned, to date this Note as of the date when the
loan evidenced hereby is made, and to insert the date of any monthly installment (including the correction of any
such date which may have been inserted by any of the undersigned), and is further authorized to fill in any other
blanks which have not been filled in or have been incorrectly completed by any of the undersigned.
The loan evidenced hereby has been made, and this Note has been delivered, at Chicago, Illinois, and shall
be governed by the laws of the State of Illinois.

Mr. DEVINE. Mr. Chairman, may I ask one question?

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Devine?

Mr. DEVINE. Doctor, yesterday the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, as well as the Surgeon General, testified that recently the quality of applicants to medical schools had gone down.

you say that was a correct statement?

Dr. DORMAN. Could I have Dr. Wiggins answer that?

Would

Mr. DEVINE. Whoever can answer it. And, if that is a true statement, to what do you attribute this?

Dr. WIGGINS. Mr. Devine, as we have collected this sort of information over years and years and tabulated it, there are peaks and valleys. It is never perfectly constant. There has been a very significant decline between what existed in 1950 to 1953, roughly, as opposed to what exists now.

In 1950 to 1953, our medical schools, however, had far more applicants because of the postwar situation and so forth.

Mr. DEVINE. You are talking about quantity. I am talking about quality.

Dr. WIGGINS. Well, there was a difference both in terms of quantity and quality, so far as we can measure quality, in terms of their college records, for instance. There was a distinct difference.

Mr. DEVINE. Are you talking about grades when you talk about quality?

Dr. WIGGINS. Yes, sir; insofar as they can be measured by college grades. The measurement of this kind of quality, as I am sure you know, is difficult.

Mr. DEVINE. Are there any standards other than grades that you are using?

Dr. WIGGINS. Yes, sir. The medical college admissions tests are now taken by almost all medical students and a record of this has been maintained over the years.

Mr. DEVINE. Would you say that was an accurate statement, then, by the Surgeon General, that the quality recently has been down?

Dr. WIGGINS. As opposed to the few years early in the decade of the 1950's. But when looked at over about a 30-year period, it is down a little bit, but I do not think, if one figured it out statistically, that it would be a statistically significant difference of the average for some 20 or 30 years.

Mr. DEVINE. I take it you would not be in complete agreement with that statement, then; is that correct? That there is not any significant difference in quality today than there has been in the last 10 years?

Dr. WIGGINS. It is certainly significantly different over what it was 10 years ago.

Mr. DEVINE. Thirty years, then?

Dr. WIGGINS. Over the last 30 years, it is not significantly different

now.

Mr. DEVINE. On a graph it would fluctuate over the years, but it has remained reasonably constant; is that correct?

Dr. WIGGINS. Yes.

Mr. DEVINE. That is all, Mr. Chairman; thank you.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Roberts, do you have any questions?
Mr. ROBERTS. No, Mr. Chairman.

The CHAIRMAN. Dr. Dorman, let me thank you on behalf of the committee for your appearance here, together with Dr. McKittrick and Dr. Wiggins, who appeared here with you, and we are very pleased to have your presentation.

Dr. DORMAN. Thank you very much, Mr. Harris.

The CHAIRMAN. Dr. Charles W. Bliven, executive secretary, American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy. Dr. Bliven.

STATEMENT OF DR. CHARLES W. BLIVEN, EXECUTIVE SECRETARY, AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF COLLEGES OF PHARMACY

Dr. BLIVEN. Mr. Chairman, I am, indeed, grateful for the privilege of appearing before you.

The CHAIRMAN. You may proceed.

Dr. BLIVEN. I have a prepared statment which has been given to Mr. Williamson.

My name is Charles W. Bliven. I am executive secretary of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy and present the statement in this capacity. Before assuming this office I served for 14 years as dean of the School of Pharmacy of the George Washington University, Washington, D.C.

I appear before you in behalf of the membership of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, which consists of 77 schools and colleges of pharmacy. Seventy-five of our member schools are located in 44 States and the District of Columbia. All of them are nationally accredited. Approximately 1,100 teachers are engaged in the instruction of some 10,600 undergraduate and 1,140 graduate students enrolled in our schools.

The curriculum leading to the undergraduate professional degree has required 4 years since 1932 and a minimum of 5 years since September 1960. Two of our member schools offer only a 6-year curriculum, and two others offer this longer program on an optional basis. In the 5-year program a minimum of 3 years of work in the professional subjects are required in addition to a 2-year basic science program. In the 6-year curriculum at least 4 years are mandatory beyond the 2 years of science.

The objective of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy is the promotion of education and research within the member institution. Our association is a nonprofit organization.

I appear before you in support of H.R. 12 which would increase the opportunities for training health science personnel. The American Pharmaceutical Association will submit for inclusion in the record a statement in support of this legislation and a representative of the National Association of Retail Druggists will give a supporting statement during these hearings.

H.R. 12 would make schools of pharmacy eligible for grants for the construction of teaching facilities. While this support would materially assist the pharmaceutical segment of the health professions to maintain and improve our professional service in the years ahead, we ask that students of pharmacy in the last 3 years of their program, the minimum professional curriculum, be included in the student loan provision of the bill.

Our member colleges have the responsibility of graduating an adequate number of pharmacists at both the undergraduate and graduate levels to meet not only the replacement needs of the profession but also the demands of our rapidly expanding area of the health sciences. A rather constant pharmacist-to-population ratio of 67 per 100,000 has existed from at least 1920 until recently. If this ratio is used in the projection of manpower needs, schools of pharmacy will need to produce annually, during the period 1965-70, twice as many graduates as are currently being graduated; during 1970-75, the average annual number of graduates must be increased by 15 percent over 1965-70 if the ratio is to be maintained.

The 67 per 100,000 ratio based on a population of 180 million would require 120,000 pharmacists; however, the current number of pharmacists engaged in the profession is closer to 117,000 providing a pharmacist-to-population ratio of 65 per 100,000.

Approximately 90 percent of our professional personnel are practicing in the community pharmacies throughout the country. The remaining 10 percent are engaged in the many other areas of the profession in the pharmacies of our hospitals; in the control, research, or product development laboratories of the manufacturing plants; as medical service representatives to the physicians; in our educational program; in Government; and in the Armed Forces. The schools of pharmacy are making every effort to respond to the demands for personnel from all of these public health areas. To aid in determining the existent and future needs of the profession the Public Health Service, with the cooperation of 15 pharmaceutical organizations, has undertaken a professional manpower study.

The educational program in pharmacy provides our graduates with an excellent background in the basic sciences as well as in the professional courses. For this reason, allied health fields are utilizing an increasing number of our graduates.

To provide an adequate number of pharmacists for the profession and for the allied health fields, our schools and colleges of pharmacy need financial assistance beyond that currently available. During the period 1958-61, 16 new buildings have been erected for schools of pharmacy and at least 28 acquired additional space. During the period 1947-61 about 36 schools, approximately half of our total number, have acquired new buildings. Thus, while many of our schools have good physical facilities, others must seek funds from outside sources to provide this essential.

I might insert parenthetically here that about one-third of our schools are private schools.

The greatest need exists for modernization and rehabilitation of existing structures and expansion of some of them to meeting area needs. However, there does not appear to be a need for the origin of new schools within the next few years.

We realize, however, that quantity as exemplified by square feet and numbers of students is not, in itself, sufficient to meet our public health responsibilities; quality of students and staff are equally essential to the education of tomorrow's pharmacist. All of these needs have high priority in the thinking and planning of our college administrators.