require the hearty co-operation of all the members and friends of the National Dental Association. A prospectus of the organization and its work will be prepared and published immediately for the use of the profession in this enterprise. As ordered by the Scientific Foundation and Research Commission of the National Dental Association, by a unanimous vote at their meeting held in San Francisco September 3rd, the assets and liabilities of the Research Commission were transferred to the Research Institute of the National Dental Association. The Research Institute accordingly adopted, as a part of its permanent records and work, the records and proceed-ings of the Scientific Foundation and Research Commission. All subscriptions made to the Scientific Foundation and Research Commission are payable to the Research Institute of the National Dental Association. New subscriptions will be solicited thruout the profession, payable to the Institute. The essential change in the organization is that the membership of the Commission of twenty-seven is enlarged to include scientists, philanthropists, etc., to a limited membership of sixty, and the Executive Board of the Commission of five is, in effect, enlarged to a Board of Trustees of nine. The directors of special researches under grants will be continued and others added. Specially prepared directors of research will be placed in the Research Institute building, or buildings to be acquired, such as our specially trained Chemical Metallurgical Engineer, Frank A. Fahrenwald, E. M., M. S., Ph. D. The latter degree he recently received from the University of Michigan, in recognition of his special researches for the Research Commission.

The previously established researches under grants, and those just established are as follows:

In the hospitals of the University of Minnesota, at Minneapolis, on the "Relation of Mouth Infections to Systemic In

fections," under the direction of Thos. B. Hartzell, M. D., D. D. S., assisted by Harold J. Leonard, D. D. S., Arthur Henrici, M. D., Miss Ruby Wilson, Dr. Donald McCarthy and Dr. Wm. Grey.

In the University of Illinois, under the direction of Frederick B. Noyes, B. S., D. D. S., working on the problems of "The Peridental Membrane."

In the University of Michigan, under the direction of Russell W. Bunting, D. D. Sc., assisted by U. G. Rickert, B. S., M. A., working on the problem of "Salivary Analysis and Dental Caries."

In the same institution, under the direction of Marcus L. Ward, D. D. S., assisted by Ralph M. McCormick, B. S., on the problem of "Dental Cements."

In the Columbia University in New York City, under the direction of William J. Gies, M. D., Ph. D., assisting him in researches on "The Relation of the Glands of Internal Secretions to Dental Problems." This work is being done in co-operation with the New York State Dental Society.

In Cleveland, Frank A. Fahrenwald, E. M., M. S., Ph. D., Chemical Metallurgical Engineer, on "Special Metallurgical Researches."

In Cleveland, and at the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, by and under the direction of Weston A. Price, M. D., D. D. S., assisted by LeRue P. Bensing, A. B. (a) "Studies on the Identification and Differentiation of the Pathogenic Organisms of Mouth Infections," (b) "Effects of Over Tooth Medication," (c) "Tricalcic Salt Metabolism."

In Boston, Massachusetts, assisting Dr. Percy Howe, on the problem of "Salivary Deposits."

In Cincinnati, Ohio, assisting Dr. John Callahan, on the problem of "Root Canal Filling."

In Colorado Springs, Colorado, assisting Dr. Frederick McKay, on the problem of "Brown Stain."

The purpose as expressed in the Char

ter of the Research Institute is as follows:

June 28, 1915.

WITNESSETH, That we, the undersigned, all of whom are citizens of the State of Ohio, desiring to form a corporation, not for profit, under the general corporation laws of said state, do hereby certify:

First. That the name of said corporation shall be The Research Institute of The National Dental Association.

Second. That said corporation is to be located at Cleveland, in Cuyahoga County, Ohio, and its principal business there transacted.

Third. Said corporation is formed for the purpose of finding and establishing means for the complete relief of mankind from the direct and indirect ravages of dental and oral diseases; to support, establish and encourage investigation, research and discovery of knowledge and the dissemination and application thereof to the improvement of mankind; to acquire by grant, gift, purchase, devise or bequest and to hold and dispose of such property, real, personal or mixed, as may be necessary or convenient to the carrying out of the foregoing purpose, and the doing of all things incidental thereto.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, We have hereunto set our hands this 24th day of June, A. D. 1915.

(Followed by affidavits, seal, etc.)

The By-laws, which are herewith printed in full, outline in detail the plan of the organization, which is based upon the principles underlying the two principal institutions already organized of the same general character, namely, the Rockefeller Institute of New York and the Carnegie Institution of Washington. Under the Ohio law the Trustees of the Institute have individual liability for the indebtedness they incur as such. The members of the Advisory Board do not have individual liability. On account of the law holding the Trustees responsible, they are, of necessity, given a large part of the detailed management of the Institute. They have started their work by adopting a By-law which reads as follows:

"No indebtedness shall be incurred by, or on behalf of, the corporation unless there is, at the time, in the hands of the Treasurer sufficient money or tangible assets to meet such indebtedness."

These men are assuming this responsibility because of their complete confidence that the dental profession will vigorously support them in securing endowments.

The services of the Managing Director are being given gratis.

The By-laws, as adopted, are as fol

lows:

BY-LAWS OF

ARTICLE I.

MEMBERS.

Section 1. Classes of Members.

T

HE membership of the corporation shall be divided into two classes:

one class to be known as the Permanent Membership and the other to be known as the Commission Membership.

The members of the corporation shall consist of the persons signing the certificate of incorporation and membership roll, and such other persons as may be admitted to membership therein in pursuance of these Regulations, to be known as the Permanent Members, and the members of the "Scientific Foundation and Research Commission" of the National Dental Association, to be known as Commission Members.

Permanent Membership.

Sec. 2. The permanent membership shall consist of the persons who have signed the certificate of incorporation, and membership roll, and such other persons as may be admitted to the permanent membership as hereinafter provided.

All candidates for permanent membership must be nominated by the Board of Trustees and elected by the members of the corporation.

A candidate receiving two-thirds of all votes cast at any annual meeting shall be declared elected and upon his acceptance thereof in writing he shall thereupon become a permanent member of the corporation.

Vacancies created by death, resignation, or otherwise, of any of the permanent members may be filled by the majority vote of the Trustees of the corpor

ation, to hold office until the next annual meeting of the corporation.

The total permanent membership shall be thirty-three in number.

In case any permanent member shall fail to attend five successive annual meetings of the corporation, he shall thereupon cease to be a member.

Commission Membership.

Sec. 3. The National Dental Association shall, from time to time, and as often as such election is held, cause to be filed with the Secretary of this corporation a certified list or election return containing the names and places of residence of each of the persons elected by its Board of Trustees as a member of the "Scientific Foundation and Research Commission" pursuant to Chapter X of the Constitution of said Association, which said list or return shall be given under its corporate seal and signed by the President and Secretary of said Association; and the persons so certified shall thereupon become members and shall be known as "Commission Members" of this corporation.

The President and Secretary of The National Dental Association shall be exofficio "Commission Members" of The Research Institute of the National Dental Association.

In the event any person so elected to Commission Membership shall cease to be a member of the "Scientific Foundation and Research Commission" of the National Dental Association he shall ipse facto cease to be a member of this corporation.

The number of persons in the Commission Membership shall be twenty-seven. Vacancies created by death, resigna

tion, or otherwise, (except by expiration of term) of any of the Commission Members shall be filled by a majority vote of the remaining Commission Members, from among the members of the National Dental Association, and the person so chosen shall continue as a Commission member until his successor is chosen by the National Dental Association at its next regular meeting.

ARTICLE II.

MEETINGS OF MEMBERS.

Annual Meeting.

Section 1. Annual Meeting-The annual meeting of the members of the corporation shall be held on the first Monday of July in each year in the City of Cleveland, Ohio, at such hour and place as shall be specified in the notice of such meeting. At this meeting a Board of nine Trustees and an Advisory Board of eighteen (18) persons shall be elected, and such business transacted as may be brought before the meeting. At this meeting the officers of the corporation shall make a general report of the work of the year.

Special Meetings.

Sec. 2. Special meetings of the members may be held at any time at the office of the corporation in the City of Cleveland, or otherwise, pursuant to a resolution of the Board of Trustees, or upon the written request of any ten members. Calls for special meetings shall specify the time, place and objects thereof.

Notice of Meetings.

Sec. 3. A written or printed notice of every regular or special meeting of members stating time and place and in case of special meeting the objects thereof, shall be mailed by the Secretary, postage prepaid to the last known postoffice address of each member at least twenty days before the date of any such meeting.

shall have entire charge of the property and business of the corporation, with full power and authority to manage and conduct the same.

Qualifications.

Sec. 2. No person shall be elected a Trustee unless he is at the time of election a member of the corporation. In accordance with the laws of the State of Ohio, a majority of the Trustees shall be residents of that state, and at all times there shall be at least one-third of the whole membership of the Board of Trustees elected from among the members of the Scientific Foundation and Research Commission of the National Dental Association, who are members of the Commission Membership as provided in Section 3 of Article 1 hereof and Chapter X of the Constitution of the National Dental Association.

Should a Trustee cease to be a member of the corporation he shall thereupon ipse facto cease to be a Trustee.

Election.

Sec. 3. At each annual meeting of the members three Trustees shall be elected to serve for three years, and until the election and acceptance of their duly qualified successors. All such elections shall be by ballot. On the first Board three shall be elected to serve for three years, three for two years and three for one year.

The Trustees shall be chosen by a majority of the votes of the members voting either in person or by proxy at such election.

Vacancies.

Sec. 4. Vacancies occurring in the Board of Trustees shall be filled, until the next annual meeting of the corporation, by a majority vote of the remaining Trustees at any special meeting called for that purpose or at any regular meeting of the Board.

Meetings.

Sec. 5. As soon as may be after the annual meeting of the members, the Board

of Trustees shall meet for the purpose of organization, electing officers and the transacting of such other business as may come before the meeting.

A regular meeting of the Board of Trustees shall be held at the office of the corporation in the City of Cleveland on the first Monday in July in every year.

Special meetings of the Board of Trustees may be held at any time in the office of the corporation in the City of Cleveland, Ohio, on the written call of the President, or on the written request of three members of the Board. Special meetings may also be held at any time and place by the consent of two-thirds of the members of the Board.

Notice of Meetings.

Sec. 6. The Secretary shall notify each member of the Board of all regular or special meetings, by mailing to each members' last known postoffice address, at least ten days before any such meeting, a written or printed notice thereof, giving the time, place and in case of special meetings, the object thereof; any failure or irregularity in notice of a regular meeting shall not affect the validity of such meeting or the proceedings thereat.

Quorum.

Sec. 7. A majority of the Board of Trustees shall constitute a quorum, and a majority vote of the members in attendance at any Board meeting shall, in the presence of a quorum, decide its action.

Power to Pass By-laws, Rules and Regulations.

Sec. 8. The Board of Trustees shall have no power to amend, alter or repeal these regulations but may adopt such By-laws and pass such rules and regulations in conformity herewith as it may deem necessary or convenient for the conduct of its own affairs and to facilitate the carrying on of the work and business of the corporation.