porting can be used also in other funding, so that it really, I think, requires a systematic kind of approach across the board.

If all the departments under HEW, for instance, could try to devise one kind of reporting form that could be fairly uniform throughout, that meets the terms of the basic information required at the Federal level, it would be very helpful.

I think that sometimes we confuse data needed with reporting, and at this point we are moving into a slightly different system than we had in the past. We do need some more particular data on specific services, so that we can better deliver those services, but I also think that many of the kinds of reporting that we do provide limited useful data at the local level.

Senator BEALL. Could you or perhaps Mr. Eberly, furnish the committee with the five different systems of reporting that you are required to use, so that we could follow up on this and try to see if we can't better coordinate it?

Mrs. TADEO. All right. You have a title VII set of books. Title VI funds will arrive shortly; that is going to be another set.

Under the title III, they have to keep regular title III separated from the initial area wide model moneys. They also have the new model moneys, which were granted this year by AOA, which are not the same as the area wide model funds. Those have to be kept separately. And so, you know, each of these has to be accounted for in a separate way, and in many instances there have to be separate reporting forms or reports submitted on each of these particular aspects.

Mr. MURPHY. Both of your statements, I think, stress the need for some stability and consistency in the Federal approach to aging programs, but Mr. Walker, you suggested-I think I heard what you said correctly, that in effect we abandon the strategy that embodied the area agency in the 1973 amendments and return to something more akin to the model project approach that was exemplified in this several-county area.

Are those conflicting goals? If the strategy were to be changed after only 2 years, would that destabilize the program?

Mr. WALKER. I think, Mr. Murphy, what I was saying is that when the area wide model project concept was advanced-it was to be a 5-year program, and the idea was to do basically what an area agency is supposed to do; that is, provide coordination within a given geographic area, and so forth.

This was abandoned after 2 years in favor of the area agency concept; now, the difference is this that under the original area wide model concept, the State had the choice. They set forth their objectives, and the way in which they achieved those objectives was left to the option of the State.

The Federal Government, which put up the money, was going to evaluate and make sure they did the job, but it was up to the States to say how they could do the job best. They could either assign total responsibility locally, and then monitor what they were doing, or they could do what Maryland did and have a director at the State level and local staffs, so that the State agency exercised more responsibility and authority over the program itself.

Under the new area-agency concept, it is now mandated that area agencies be created, and these are autonomous agencies and the State

funds them and evaluates them, but actually the employees in all cases are not State employees. I am not arguing in favor of or against thatwhat I am saying though, is that I wonder why, if in the original concept of area wide model projects, the State had an option, why this option has now been taken away from the States, when the important thing is the resulting services to the people?

Mr. MURPHY. Well, you would like to see the States able to fund some services directly, or fund a local agency providing those services? Mr. WALKER. I would like to see the State have more option than they do now concerning the local planning, coordination and designation of area agencies.

Mrs. TADEO. I think what happened here is a good example. When we first came and looked at the four-county area there was no particular agency that stressed all the different aspects of aging, and because we had the option to go ahead and handle it for a short period of time at the State level, while we could develop such a body that could be a nonprofit, incorporated local organization that could take over the aging function, we now have a specific group whose total concern is aging programs.

In many instances, if aging programs come under the umbrella of another agency which has many other commitments, it may take a low priority in that overall structure which is one thing we would like to stay away from if possible.

Senator BEALL. Thank you, Mrs. Tadeo and Mr. Walker for your testimony which has been very helpful.

Our next panel is Mr. Joseph E. Eberly, who is the executive director of Maintenance of the Aged in the Community, Inc.

He will be accompanied by Miss Octavane Saunders, nutrition aide, University of Maryland Cooperative Extension Service, Miss Helen L. Johnson, nutrition coordinator of the title VII program, Miss Jean Crockett, registered nurse and director, homemakers-home health care program, Miss Jean R. Monroe, director of the MultiService Senior Citizen Center, and Mr. Clifton Gordy, chairman of the MAC Board of Directors.

Mr. EBERLY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

STATEMENT OF JOSEPH P. EBERLY, PRESIDING EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR, MAINTENANCE OF THE AGED IN THE COMMUNITY, INC. (MAC), ACCOMPANIED BY MS. OCTAVANE H. SAUNDERS, NUTRITION AIDE, UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND COOPERATIVE EXTENSION SERVICE; MS. HELEN JOHNSON, NUTRITION COORDINATOR, TITLE VII PROGRAM: MS. JEAN C. CROCKETT, R.N., DIRECTOR, HOMEMAKERS/HOME HEALTH CARE PROGRAM; MS. JEAN R. MONROE, DIRECTOR, MULTI-SERVICE SENIOR CITI ZEN SERVICE CENTER: AND MR. CLIFTON GORDY, CHAIRMAN OF THE MAC BOARD OF DIRECTORS, A PANEL

Mr. EBERLY. I am Joseph Eberly, the Regional Director of the MAC program here on the lower shore. It is a privilege to be here today and to have this opportunity to testify before the Senate Subcommittee on Aging.

We would like the public and the subcommittee to know more about the services and programs presently being offered to the elderly of the four lower Eastern Shore counties, through the Maintenance of the Aged in the Community, or MAC organization.

We are a private, nonprofit corporation, recently formed and recognized by the Maryland Commission on the Aging as the official area agency on aging, to plan, coordinate, pool resources and develop new services needed to support the elderly in their homes and communities.

Equally important, the financial and human resources of the MAC system presently are being used largely to identify and assist the elderly population in need or at risk; that is, most in jeopardy of having to leave their homes for a life in an institution.

We are interested in interceding in their behalf in one or more critical areas, to postpone or eliminate that climactic day.

We find that the majority of elderly here, and I am sure elsewhere, are fiercely independent, and have struggled, many of them, long and hard to maintain themselves in their own homes, however humble.

Our outreach workers are skilled in communicating with these elders, and frequently can suggest ways that MAC can lend support to their efforts to remain at home.

While it would be most desirable, for example, to have inside plumbing and electricity, the absence of these and other facilities do not present insurmountable barriers. One need only review the latest census data or ride down almost any country road on the lower shore, to confirm the acute shortage of adequate housing.

Yet many elderly poor have demonstrated that they prefer to remain in these frontier-style homes with a woodburning stove and perhaps an outside toilet, to being sent to a brand-new nursing home, or geriatric ward in a State hospital.

With this perspective in mind, I would like then to describe briefly some of the ways the MAC staff, through its dedicated and efficient grantee organizations, delivers services to the at-risk elderly population.

Now, Mrs. Tadeo here has recognized the tremendous efforts of the Shore-Up organization and the Dorchester Community Development Corp.

I would like personally to recognize Mr. Nelson Townsend, in the back of the room there, who for years was the executive director of the Shore-Up organization, and just this last month left that position. And I would like to also recognize Mr. Douglas Allen, the director of the Dorchester Community Development Corp., for the tremendous efforts and energy that he has personally put into this program.

Mrs. Jean Monroe is our multi-service center director and Coordinator for Worcester County, and she will detail the activities and organization of the main multi-purpose centers and the satellite centers, which are located in each county.

Miss Helen Johnson is a nutrition coordinator with the Shore-Up organization for the lower three counties. She will discuss the congregate and home-delivered meals program made possible through a grant received under title VII of the Older American's Act, and how the title III funds are used to give substantial support to the meals program.

Mrs. Jean Crockett, a registered nurse, will describe the services provided in the home through our Homemaker-Home Health Service. And Mrs. Octavane Saunders, of Dorchester County, will tell us of the home services she and the other county nutrition aides offer the elderly through the University of Maryland's Cooperative Extension Service under contract with MAC.

Before having them testify briefly, I would like to emphasize that a principal objective of the area staff agency and the project's director is to coordinate all services in such a combination and sequence as to insure maximum benefit to the elders being served.

A nutrition aide, such as Octavane, who finds an at-risk older person, might for example call upon the county's center director for transportation, for a daily home-delivered meal, or homemaker services.

Nurse Crockett might then assist in locating a private physician who could examine and treat the elder, probably calling into the home a physical therapist from the Deer's Head Center, or an occupational therapist from the health department's geriatric evaluation service.

The therapist then might see the need for the home repair specialist to construct a wheelchair ramp, or put a handrail on the bathtub. The proper view of our program is that of individualized home delivery of services. The heavy majority of all units of service are rendered in the home, not in the centers. And this is a popular misconception.

Our own motor vehicles, numbering 12 in total, as well as those privately owned by our staff of 11 workers, four nutrition aides and others our corps of volunteers, for example-these largely transport elders to and from their homes for such services as visiting the doctor, and druggist, for grocery shopping, registering for and purchasing food stamps, applying for medicaid or supplementary security income benefits. Or for visiting other private and public agencies within this region rendering services to the elderly.

I should like to request permission to reserve a minute or two at the end of our presentation to describe a few additional efforts that we are making to coordinate and pool resources with other state and local agencies to fill at least partially some of the critical gaps in service availability.

And now it is a pleasure to present Mrs. Jean Monroe, who will describe the numerous services and programs in our center network. Mrs. MONROE. Senator Beall, I was delighted to be asked and am still a little bit nervous about doing this.

I am from Worcester County, and am one of four center directors; each main center supplies I and R service, outreach service, transportation, recreation, socialization, a meals program, and nutrition and adult education.

Each center is backed up by two to three satellite centers in outlying areas, which also participate in the nutrition title VII programs, with the exception of Ocean City. They are very active up there, but they do not receive title VII foods.

The center staff is made up of a director, three out-reach workers, a satellite coordinator, three senior aides, a part-time meal hostess, a secretary, numerous and invaluable community volunteers, and with the great help of the clergymen, who volunteer much time.

Each center has two minibuses, which the outreach drivers drive. I think that one county does have a bus driver.

Each center is a source of information referral to all the local agencies, and the outreach service, which I'll touch on a little bit more in a moment.

The centers operate 5 days a week, with three satellites operating from 1 to 5 days, depending. We work with title VII and title III

moneys.

Each month a calendar of events is printed and sent to participants and the news media, from the main centers and the satellite centers, so everyone knows just what is going on.

Due to the ruralness and lack of public transportation, areas were given, in the counties, definite days for bus pickup. Since our outreach workers have to do this, and they also have to keep up with their outreach work, this seemed expedient.

The average daily attendance at the main center is 30 to 40 per day, with about an average of 40 at the satellite centers. Over half of these people are bused either with our buses or by our volunteer people.

The participants arrive around 10 and leave usually around 2:30 to 3:30. They-as I say, those that can drive, do; those that walk dothey can come any time they choose, and very often bring friends with them.

They are urged to take part in program planning and the running of the center, to bring their own special talents, to teach and share with the other participants. They support the center activities by holding bazaars or fairs, to sponsor trips, do quilting to supplement arts and crafts funds. They also make and sell rugs, jewelry and other items to supplement whatever it is they need or want in their centers.

One center has a store where the participants buy from each other. I understand they have quite a lucrative business going over there.

They do take part in community services; some of the elderly ladies make bedjackets for Deer's Head, we have made tray favors for nursing homes, besides bringing some people in from nursing homes to take part in our activities.

Local boards of education sponsor adult ed-programs, among these being offered are basic education, needlework and sewing of all kinds, painting, ceramics and leatherwork.

Local service agencies are asked to come in and bring pertinent information to participants. They readily answer all questions put to them. Each county extension service has supplied the centers with programs and educational materials, aside from the nutritional help and assistance through title VII.

All kinds of games are played; we are going to run a lot of competition with the bingo business, I'm sure.

Much music is enjoyed, supplied by the participants as well as community volunteers coming in to do programs. The county libraries show films on specific days. One county has a county chorus going, and they are working very hard toward a Thanksgiving debut. I'm a little worried about that.

For many the center is a telephone number to call for help, and this usually means outreach. The outreach worker's role is varied; she