the mountain region, is mild and regular, and from its altitude very dry and of surprising purity.

ARIZONA.-Organized by act of congress, approved February 24, 1863, embraces "all that part of the present territory of New Mexico situate west of a line running due south from the point where the southwest corner of the territory of Colorado joins the northern boundary of the territory of New Mexico, to the southern boundary of said territory," containing an estimated area of 131,000 square miles. It is thinly settled by natives of Mexico and emigrants from different states of the union, besides containing a large number of Indians of a warlike character. The right of suffrage and territorial organization is similar to that of New Mexico, with the provision, "that there shall neither be slaves nor involuntary servitude in said territory." Capital, PRESCOTT, situated north of the Gila river, in a fertile valley. This territory is rich in gold, silver, copper and other minerals, while the soil is mostly sterile except in the few valleys susceptible of irrigation. Arizona proper, was acquired by treaty with Mexico known as the "Gadsden treaty, and ratified in June, 1854, the estimated area being 39,000 square miles, lying south of the Rio Gila.

IDAHO.--This new territory, lying on the west side of the Rocky mountains, was organized by act of congress, approved March 3, 1863. Its boundary is as follows: Beginning at a point in the middle channel of Snake river where the northern boundary of Oregon intersects the same; then follow down the said channel of Snake river to a point opposite the mouth of the Koskooskia or Clearwater river; thence due north to the 49th parallel of latitude; thence east to the new territory of Montana; thence west along the 42d parallel of latitude to the eastern boundary of the state of Oregon; thence north along said boundary to the place of beginning. Capital, LEWISTON, situated on the western confines of the territory. Estimated area, 100,000 square mile. A great portion of this extensive region is susceptible of cultivation, the climate being comparatively mild and healthy. Gold is found in numerous localities along the different ranges of mountains, as well as in the beds of streams flowing into the Columbia river, by which this territory is drained. By late authority the territory is found to contain 60,000 white inhabitants. The delegate to congress and members of the legislature are elected in October.

MONTANA. This rew territory, lying between the 45th and 49th degrees of north latitude, and the 27th and 39th degrees of longitude west from Washington, was organized by act of congress, approved May 26, 1864. It may be said to form the northern half of the territory of Idaho, as organized March 3, 1863. Estimated area of Montana, 150,000 square miles. This extensive territory embraces the head sources of the Missouri river, lying east of the Rocky mountains, and the head sources of the north branch of the Columbia river, lying west of the above mountains and north of the Bitter Root mountains. A great portion of this region is suscepti.

15 MANUAL

ble of cultivation, although forming, in part, the northern limit of the United States, the climate being comparatively mild and remark ably healthy. Gold is found in numerous localities along the differ ent ranges of mountains, as well as in the beds of streams flowing into the Columbia and Missouri rivers, by which this territory is drained. The Indian tribes are numerous, but generally peaceably inclined. Capital, BANNOCK CITY. FORT BENTON, situated on the Upper Missouri river, north latitude, 47°, 50', lies near the center of the territory, favored with a mean annual temperature of 48° Fahrenheit. The proposed line of the Northern Pacific railroad will, no doubt, pass Fort Bentou, and cross the Rocky mountains through one of the several mountain passes explored by authority of the United States government.

INDIAN TERRITORY-Situated west of the states of Arkansas and Missouri, and south of the 37th degree of north latitude, is bounded on the south and west by the state of Texas. This is a fruitful region, inhabited by many tribes of civilized Indians, mostly Cherokees, Creeks, Choctaws, and Seminoles, amounting to 60 or 70,000 souls. Capital, TAH-LE-QUAH. Estimated area, 70,000 square mile s

EXHIBITING THE TIMES OF ELECTION OF STATE OFFICERS, AND MEETING OF LEGISLATURES OF THE SEVERAL STATES.

CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICTS.

The house of representatives of the United elected by districts, with a term of two years. states has varied at each decennial census, as

States is composed of members The number apportioned to the shown by the following table:

When apportioned. N. Y. Rep. W. No. Rep.

The constitution of the United States provides that two senators shall be chosen by the legislature of each state, who shall hold their office six years.

UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT.

THE EXECUTIVE.

Salary.

ANDREW JOHNSON, of Tennessee, President of the U. S., $25,000

THE CABINET.

Salary.

WILLIAM H. SEWARD, of New York, Secretary of State,..$8,000 HUGH MCCULLOCH, of Indiana, Secretary of the Treasury, 8,000 U. S. GRANT, of Illinois, Secretary of War, ad interim,.. 8,000 GIDEON WELLES, of Connecticut, Secretary of the Navy, 8,000 O. H. BROWNING, of Illinois, Secretary of the Interior,.... 8,000 HENRY STANBERY, of Ohio, Attorney General,. . . . . . 8,000 ALEX. W. RANDALL, of Wisconsin, Postmaster General,.. 8,000

THE JUDICIARY.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES.

..........

SALMON P. CHASE, of Ohio, Chief Justice,...
NATHAN CLIFFORD, of Maine, Associate Justice,.
SAMUEL NELSON, of New York, Associate Justice,.
ROBERT C. GRIER, of Pennsylvania, Associate Justice,.
DAVID DAVIS, of Illinois, Associate Justice,...
NOAH H. SWAIN, of Ohio, Associate Justice,.
SAMUEL F. MILLER, of Indiana, Associate Justice,..
STEPHEN J. FIELD, of California, Associate Justice,.

Salary. .. $6,500

6,000

6,000

......

6,000

6,000

6,000

6,000

6,000

Court meets first Monday in December at Washington.

CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES.

Congress meets on the first Monday in December of every year. The senate is composed of two senators from each state elected for a term of six years. They are divided into three classes as to terms of service; one class goes out every two years. By this arrangement the senate is renewed biennially in one third of its memberships. No person can be a senator who is under thirty years of age, nor unless he has been nine years a citizen of the United States; and he must be, when elected, a citizen of the state from which he is chosen. The vice-prisident of the United States is the presiding officer of senate. In event of the death of the president of the United States, the vice-president becomes chief magistrate; when the senate elects its own presiding officer, pro tempore, who, in case the chief magistrate shall die, or vacate his office, becomes president of the United States, pro tempore, until a new election by the people shall be effected. The present presiding officer of the senate, Benj. F. Wade, of Ohio, would, therefore, in event of the death of Andrew Johnson, become, pro tempore, chief magistrate of the United States.

The house of representatives is composed of members elected by the people of the several states every two years. No person is eligible who is under twenty-five years of age, nor unless he has been seven years a citizen of the United States. By the law of 1850, the whole number of members was fixed at 233, to be chosen by all the states-the apportionment being regulated by taking the census of 1850 for each state, dividing it by 233, the quotient being the ratio of population required to elect a member. The ratio, as determined by the census of 1860, was 124,183-upon which basis the several states were represented; but by act of March 4th, 1862, the whole number of representatives was increased to 241 from and after March 3d, 1863, by allowing one additional representative to each of the following states, viz

Illinois, Iowa, Kentucky, Minnesota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island and Vermont. One member has since been added for the new state of Nevada-making the XLth congress stand 244 members; but as only a few of the states lately in rebellion will be represented, the actual count of members will not exceed 200 present and voting.

The territories are represented by delegates-one from each, who may present subjects for legislation, and have the rights of the floor to address the house, but they have no vote.