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Mr. FOGARTY. I think that example could be multiplied thousands of times throughout the country.

Mr. CAREY. Now to conclude with another reference to the questioning of the gentleman from Nebraska, I think it should receive sympathetic support of the minority side because everything I see in the bill goes to the principle of self-reliance, divides the problem of the aging American from the manifest and challenging problems of the public assistance case. I would think the minority would join with us in looking for the answers we need so that we, in the Congress, can make the judgment, we in the Congress can decide what kind of program the aging should have, and I would hope they would be sympathetic to the legislation so the answers we have would be both unquestioned in terms of statistics, and would be action programs as differentiated from studies and dissemination programs. I think the action programs in the long run could well bring about economies in that we would find help from the aging American in helping himself. We would find ways to take him away from the welfare dependence which he seems destined to wind up with if he stays under the office in which he has now been grouped.

Mr. FOGARTY. I am just afraid if we do not do something in this area we will have a social revolution within 10 years that Congress may not be able to cope with. That is because of the estimated increase in the number of people over the age of 65 in the next 10 years.

Mr. CAREY. I would be sure in your experience you can give me a figure. We have 18 million now, what is it, from your experience on the Appropriations Committee on Health, Education, and Welfare, what is the figure we are going to be dealing with, say in the next 10 years?

Mr. FOGARTY. By 1970, oh, I think it is 22 million and it is going to keep going up and up, because life is being extended almost yearly, mainly because of many of the appropriations made by the Congress in research and lives are being saved today that could not have been 3, 4, or 5 or 10 years ago and we expect that to keep on.

And we have the problem along with that of automation and discrimination against hiring of people over the age of 45 that is going to make this problem much worse; and before we know it, there will be a tremendous problem and we will have no plans to cope with it.

Mr. CAREY. I thank the gentleman from Rhode Island, and I do think Mr. Fogarty has given us a great many answers and I feel we will get more results if we effectively pass on this legislation.

Mr. DENT. Thank you. I want it clearly understood that all witnesses will be heard. If we have to have more days of hearings, we will have them. I believe this to be a very serious matter and one that needs a complete airing and therefore any questioning will follow the desire of the member asking the question in order that we may place in the record any thoughts that any member of the committee may have as well as those of the witnesses. Therefore, although it may apear to be a slow procedure, we expect to hear every witness on this legislation whether it takes 1 day, 2 days, or the rest of the year. We will be here anyway, I guess.

Mr. Bruce.

Mr. BRUCE. I have no questions, but just one observation where I find myself in an area of agreement with you and that would be in lifting the income ceiling on those who are receiving social security. To me this is outrageous.

Mr. FOGARTY. I do not know what the ceiling should be. That has to be studied. I do not have the answer to it. But I think this legislation will help find what that ceiling should be. I think if we should do that, many of these people who are on relief now and finding it almost impossible to eke out a living, they want to work and they want to live in their own homes if they possibly can, and they will if they can earn a few more dollars a year.

Mr. BRUCE. A lot of them want to.

Mr. FOGARTY. Yes. I think most or a vast majority do.
Mr. DENT. Thank you.

Mr. Hawkins.

Mr. HAWKINS. No questions.

Mr. DENT. Thank you, Mr. Hawkins, and thank you, Mr. Fogarty, for your very frank discussion of the matter before us.

I am sure that your thoughts in this matter will be given serious consideration by this committee, for we know of your sincere and deep interest in the matter.

Thank you very much.

The next witness will be the Secretary of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Honorable Anthony J. Celebrezze.

Mr. Secretary, you can take the witness stand.

The statements are available for the members of the committee and the Secretary may proceed in any way he desires, that is, by submitting his statement for the record and discussing it, or in whatever manner he wants to proceed.

STATEMENT OF HON. ANTHONY J. CELEBREZZE, SECRETARY OF HEALTH, EDUCATION, AND WELFARE; ACCOMPANIED BY DR. ELLEN WINSTON, COMMISSIONER OF WELFARE; DR. DONALD P. KENT, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF AGING; AND WILBUR J. COHEN, ASSISTANT SECRETARY

Secretary CELEBREZZE. Mr. Chairman and distinguished members of the committee, I have with me Dr. Winston, Commissioner of Welfare, Dr. Kent, who is in charge of the aging program, and Mr. Wilbur Cohen, who is the Assistant Secretary in charge of legislative matters. Mr. DENT. They are all welcome.

Secretary CELEBREZZE. Thank you.

I believe, Mr. Chairman, that I can save time if I read my statement because I think I cover a wide area. It will save time for the questioning, which I realized as I sat through the questioning of the last witness, the committee is vitally interested in.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I appreciate this opportunity to come before the subcommittee to discuss with you the legislation pending before your committee relating to the aging and to tell you briefly what the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare and other departments and agencies of the Government are doing in relation to the problems of older people.

Lengthened life expectancy has brought large increases in both the numbers and proportion of older persons in our population and in the number of years they will spend in retirement. By 1970, more than 20 million persons or every 10th American will be 65 years of age or over.

Many of our older citizens face special problems resulting from their circumstances: A considerable reduction in income after retirement; rising health costs which accompany declining health; lack of opportunity to continue useful service to society and to enjoy productive and satisfying activity when ample time becomes available; unsuitable or inadequate housing; and many other special problems. I do not need to develop these in detail, for this committee is familiar with the circumstances and special problems of the aged. Nor do I need to remind the members of this committee that this administration has already moved vigorously to strengthen essential services for our older citizens and is committed to a broad forward-looking program for our older citizens.

This administration has recognized that all levels of government have the responsibility, in cooperation with private organizations and individuals, to act to improve the lot of our aged. This administration has also recognized that public efforts will have to be undertaken primarily by the local communities and by the States and therefore has developed programs designed to stimulate community action. At the same time, we fully recognize that many of the problems are nationwide and call for Federal action as well.

While we have not yet reached our goal, we have taken major strides. Let me enumerate but a few.

1. In 1961, upon recommendation of the administration, the Congress amended the Social Security Act increasing benefits by $900 million a year, substantially strengthening the social insurance provisions for retired and disabled workers and widows, and enabling men to retire on social security at age 62. Legislation enacted by the Congress in 1961 also increased Federal support for old-age assistance, including medical vendor payments.

2. This administration proposed, and Congress enacted in 1961, the Community Health Services and Facilities Act, which provides support for out-of-hospital community services for the chronically ill and the aged and increases Federal grants for nursing-home construction, health research facilities, and experimental hospitals and medical-care facilities. There are now projects underway in 48 States. 3. The Public Welfare Amendments of 1962 authorized a substantial increase in Federal funds for old-age assistance, reemphasized restorative services to return individuals to self-support and selfcare, and provided encouragement for employment. Since the enactment of these amendments, the Welfare Administration has encouraged States to increase and improve the services offered to older ple. This leadership has already resulted in more than 30 States developing plans for statewide special social and related services to older people with other states planning to do so as essential staff can be provided.

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4. The Housing Act of 1961 included provisions for the rapid expansion of housing for the elderly through public housing, direct loans, and FHA mortgage insurance. Commitments in 1961, and

1962, were made for 11⁄2 times the number of housing units for older citizens aided in the preceding 5 years.

5. The Senior Citizens Housing Act of 1962 provided low-interest, long-term loans for rental housing for the elderly in both rural and urban areas and loan insurance for rental housing in rural areas. Grants were also authorized for repair of rural homes of the elderly. 6. During the past few years research efforts and support for research in gerontology have been increased. In fiscal year 1963, health research and training programs within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare alone included expenditures exceeding $15 million. Ádded to this are the research efforts of the Veterans' Administration and the National Science Foundation, and the research supported by other Government agencies and departments. The new Institute of Child Health and Human Development, which was authorized last year, is expanding programs of research on health problems of the aging.

7. Other new legislation added safeguards on the purchase of drugs which are so essential to older citizens, boosted railroad retirement and veterans benefits, and helped protect private pension funds against abuse.

8. By administrative action, we have increased the quantity and quality of food available to those on welfare and other low-income aged persons and established new organizational entities to meet the needs and coordinate the services affecting older people. In the Public Health Service, for the first time, there is a new operating program geared exclusively to meeting the health needs of the aging through a Gerontology Branch.

9. The President's Council on Aging was reorganized and given new direction and leadership. The Council has prepared and issued a summary report on national programs on aging. This report, entitled "The Older American," has been hailed both for its clear statement of the needs and circumstances of older persons and for its forwardlooking program. Interdepartmental task forces have been working in the areas of housing, employment, research, health, and social services. A report of these activities is scheduled to be presented to the President in October.

On February 21, of this year, President Kennedy became the first President ever to send to the Congress a special message relating to our elderly citizens. In his message the President said:

The heart of our program for the elderly must be opportunity for and actual service to our older citizens in their home communities. The loneliness or apathy which exists among may of our aged is heightened by the wall of inertia which often exists between them and their community.

We must remove this wall by planned, comprehensive action to stimulate or provide not only opportunities for employment and community services by our older citizens but the full range of the various facilities and services which aged individuals need for comfortable and meaningful life * * *.

The Federal Government can assume a significant leadership role in stimu lating such actions. To do this, I recommend a 5-year program of assistance to State and local voluntary organizations for planning and developing services; for research, demonstration, and training projects leading to new or improved programs to aid older people; and for construction, renovation, and equipment of public and nonprofit multipurpose activity and recreational centers for the elderly.

It is against this backdrop that I would like to discuss H.R. 7957. The broad objectives spelled out in this bill are ones which all of us

can heartily endorse. They are objectives that we have been effectively moving toward and used as a basis for planning future programs.

H.R. 7957 provides for grants for community planning, services, and training for research and development projects, and for training projects.

The grant provisions of H.R. 7957 are consistent with the President's recommendations, and I am pleased to endorse them wholeheartedly.

The President also pointed up the great need for multipurpose activity centers and for community and State action to assist in providing employment opportunities for older persons who are able and wish to continue to work.

On the subject of employment opportunities, the President said:

Our Nation must undertake an imaginative and far-reaching effort-in both the public and private sectors of our society—for the development of new approaches and new paths to the employment of older citizens. This will require a sharp new look at retirement and personnel patterns, part-time work opportunities, restrictive pension plans, possible incentives to employers, and a host of other traditional or future practices. To give impetus to this nationwide reappraisal, I propose two immediate actions.

First, I recommend legislation to establish a new 5-year program of grants for experimental and demonstration projects to stimulate needed employment opportunities for our aged. The Federal Government through the Department of Labor would provide up to $10 million per year on a matching basis to State and local governments or approved nonprofit institutions for experiments in the use of elderly persons in providing needed services. They would be employed in such activities as school lunch hour relief, child care in centers for working mothers, home care for invalids, and assistance in schools, vocational training, and programs to prevent juvenile delinquency. Precautions would be taken to insure that no project would result in any displacement of present employees and that wages would be reasonably consistent with those for comparable work in the locality.

Second, I have directed the President's Council on Aging, in consultation with private organizations and citizens to undertake a searching reappraisal of problems of employment opportunities for the aged and to report to me by October 31, 1963—

As I mentioned earlier this report would be submitted

on what action is desirable and necessary.

The President's Council has carefully studied these issues and is preparing to make its report to the President shortly. I would urge the subcommittee to consider the grant proposals recommended by this administration regarding employment.

The President also called attention to the need for providing opportunities for meaningful use of free time that comes with retirement. The administration has recommended support for constructing, equipping, and operating multipurpose recreational activities centers. I recommend to this subcommittee consideration of this aspect of the administration's program.

H.R. 7957 calls for the administration of the proposed grants by a new unit to be created within the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare-an Administration of Aging under the direction of a Commissioner of Aging. I would like to discuss the question of administration of aging programs with you in some detail.

Shortly after becoming Secretary in July of last year, I carefully reviewed the Department's program on aging, considered various types of administrative organization for the strengthening of these pro

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