Plan of work. The social services item provides for the staff at 64 agency, subagency or district offices, 9 area offices and the central office. The continuing primary objectives are as follows:

(1) Financial assistance to needy Indians on reservations when such assistance is not available from other sources;

(2) Child welfare services for Indian children on reservations when such services are not available from established child welfare agencies including arrangements for the protection and care for dependent or neglected children, planning for adoption, and securing appropriate institutional care;

(3) Counsel and guidance to Indians with family problems or other serious social problems;

(4) Advice and counsel to Indians, when necessary, in planning constructive use of their own and their children's funds;

(5) Information and liaison assistance to Indians to enable them to secure needed welfare services from State and local welfare programs for which they may be eligible.

The estimate for this activity for 1962 is $3,103,000, an increase of $50,000 to meet the full annual cost of increased pay authorized by Public Law 86-568 approved July 1, 1960 (74 Stat. 296).

Plan of work. This item provides for services and financial assistance to 4.000 persons (2,000 units) to relocate and 400 persons (200 units) to obtain employment within their State of residence. In 1960, opportunities for relocation and employment were developed for 1,798 Indian units, representing 3,674 persons.

It is recognized that some Indians do not wish to move from reservation areas. The Bureau is actively pursuing a program of industrial development on and near Indian reservation areas to provide better local job opportunities. Approximately $260,000 has been programed for 1961 and 1962 for this program.

STATUS OF PROGRAM

It is estimated that within the continental United States there are approximately 520,000 members of Indian tribes and bands. Of this number, approximately 360,000 live on or adjacent to reservations for whom the Bureau assumes some responsibility. On most of the Indian reservations there is a surplus of population in proportion to reservation resources. Opportunities for self-support on or near these reservations are wholly inadequate and the increasing surplus population is faced with the alternative of moving away from the reservation or remaining to live in privation or dependent, partially or wholly, upon some form of public assistance. It is estimated that present resources available on or adjacent to reservation areas can support no more than 50 percent of the reservation Indian population on a minimum decent standard of living. In order to alleviate these conditions, the program of relocation services provides those applicants who voluntarily apply for this service an opportunity to leave reservation areas and settle in urban communities where housing and opportunities for selfsupport are available through gainful year-round employment.

Since the inception of the relocation services program in 1952, approximately 35,000 Indian people have applied for and received this assistance. It is estimated that at least 60 percent of these have remained and are still living away from the reservations. Insofar as jobs for relocatees are concerned, staff effort by Bureau offices with the cooperation of business concerns have made job opportunities for relocatees available to meet the need. Realistic counseling and guidance are provided to encourage them to take advantage of these opportunities, and they are assisted to adjust to the living and working conditions of the new community. Of the total number assisted to relocate, approximately 95 percent were provided financial assistance for transportation and initial settlement expense in addition to relocation services. The remaining persons were provided with relocation services only, and financed themselves.

There are three distinct phases of the Indian industrial development program: (a) Planning on the local and area levels with tribal, community, State, and industrial leaders and officials in the development of information and brochures as to resources and facilities available to industrial prospects; (b) development of industrial prospects through personal contacts with industrialists, representative of trade associations, the National Association of Manufacturers, and other organizations; (c) development of the source of on-the-job training programs with cooperating industries, which lead to skilled or semiskilled work for Indians on a full-time basis. On-the-job training agreements have been negotiated with nine cooperating industries and others are now being negotiated for the employment and training of 98 Indians in the manufacture of garments, house trailers, toys, electrical instruments, woodwork, leather goods, upholstering, archery supplies, veneer and plywood production, and souvenirs in the States of Arizona, North Carolina, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin.

The estimate for this activity for 1962 is $1,651,000, an increase of $356,000 over 1961.

Need for increase.-The increase of $356,000 includes $2,000 to meet the full annual cost of increased pay costs authorized by Public Law 86-568 (74 Stat. 296) approved July 1, 1960, and $354,000 primarily for staff and expenses for first-year operation of jail facilities provided in the 1961 construction program, at Pine Ridge and Rosebud in the Aberdeen area; and Papago, Pima an San Carlos in the Phoenix area and at Fort Hall in the Portland area, and the replacement of worn-out equipment. The increased staff of 29 includes personnel for the fails, such as jailers, cooks and policemen, and employees to provide counseling, guidance rehabilitation, and crime prevention programs to combat the growing juvenile delinquency problem and reduce the growing rate of crime resulting from intemperate use of intoxicants. Initial efforts to provide guidance and counseling for reduction of juvenile delinquency have proven the value and necessity for increased activity in this field. Efforts in the field of parole and probation have also indicated that more guidance and counseling will serve to reduce the crime rate by reducing the number of repeating offenders.

Plan of work. This item provides for salary and expenses of law enforcement staff and the feeding and care of prisoners. The laws of the several States do not apply to the Indians on their reservations unless the Congress has enacted legislation to invest such States with jurisdiction. Generally, therefore, the States lack the jurisdiction to prosecute Indians for offenses committed on the reservations. Federal laws are limited in their application to Indians as they are generally restricted to the major offenses. The great field of crime, outside of the few major offenses, is within the jurisdiction of Indian tribes themselves. Many tribes have acted to establish codes of laws to regulate the conduct of tribal members but they are generally unable financially to carry on an adequate law enforcement program. In many other instances where there are no tribal laws, the law and order regulations of the Department of the Interior are the sole basis for maintaining law and order on the reservation.

Chairman HAYDEN. Mr. Commissioner, you may proceed. Mr. CROW. Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, it is a pleasure to have the opportunity of appearing before you to present the Bureau of Indian Affairs request for appropriations for fiscal year 1962.

The Bureau provides services and assists the States in furnishing services to Indians in the United States, including the natives of Alaska, in the fields of human and natural resources. This includes among other things programs of education, welfare, law, and order, and the protection, development, and management of trust property. Services are, in general, limited to those arising out of our relationship regarding trust property and to those Indian people who reside on trust or restricted land. Funds are not included in these estimates for furnishing services to Indian people who have established themselves in the general society. Education is basic to successful achievement of overall Bureau programs. But education as used and practiced in the Bureau of Indian Affairs is not limited to the classroom. Neither is it limited to children of school age. Education provides the base of understanding and skills that facilitate Indian acceptance of ideas and programs leading them to full assumption. of citizenship responsibilities. Many of the Bureau's programs are geared to provide training and experience by example and through participation and practice. Resource programs, such as soil and moisture conservation, range and forest management, and irrigation farming are examples. Thus, the importance of education and teaching is woven into the overall program structure of the Bureau.

TOTAL APPROPRIATION REQUEST

The total amount requested for fiscal year 1962 for the Bureau of Indian Affairs is $161,312,000. This is an increase of $35,126,000 over the appropriation of $126,186,000 for fiscal year 1961. The increase is primarily for school construction. The House allowed $154,998,000, a decrease of $6,314,000 in the estimate. The reductions were made in requests for pay increase costs in the amount of $753,000; construction of facilities, $4,561,000; and funds for liquidation of roads obligations incurred under contract authorization, $1 million. We are requesting restoration of the entire reduction. In addition to the above fund reductions, the House committee recommended disallowance of the Bureau's proposed fund adjustments in program funds for increased administrative workloads generated by expanded programs. This would not require additional appropriations. It is quite important that the substantive and administrative programs of the Bureau not become so far out of balance that the administrative workload will be shifted to nonadministrative activities.

An increase of $5,080,000 is requested for programs under the "Education and welfare services" appropriation.

HOUSE REDUCTION IN PAY INCREASE REQUEST

Chairman HAYDEN. The House reduced the pay increase request by $521,000. Do you want to comment about that item?

Mr. CROW. We need the amount requested for pay increases. We also need the amount requested for construction.

EDUCATION PROGRAM

For the education program, additional funds are included to assist States educating Indian pupils in public schools; for the operation of a special arts and crafts school at Santa Fe, N. Mex.; for increased enrollment of 600 pupils in day schools and for transporting Alaskan natives and Navajo pupils to off-reservation schools.

Senator YOUNG. I have some questions to ask on school facilities. Is it appropriate now or shall I wait?

Chairman HAYDEN. Do you want to ask the Commissioner? If he does not have the information, he may provide it for the record.

SCHOOL FACILITIES AT FORT BERTHOLD RESERVATION, N. DAK.

Senator YOUNG. What plans do you have for educating the Indian children in the north segment of Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota?

Mr. CROW. Mrs. Thompson, would you answer?

Mrs. THOMPSON. Senator Young, we have been working with the school officials in Newtown to get the children in that segment who can be reached by bus into the Newtown schools. This would, we think, allow them to get help under 815 for enlarging their schools for the children. There is also a group who are in another district that are nearer to Newtown than they would be to the schools in their district. Our area office has been working with the Newtown officials to see if they would also provide school facilities for those children and an agreement I believe has been worked out between the two districts. That would also increase the entitlement if the Newtown school was to take in those children.

Senator YOUNG. Newtown has a fine school system. They are perfectly willing to take these children. The superintendent has been contacting me for the past 6 months, stating that they would have a sizable appropriation of Federal funds to help them build the necessary school facilities. His present request is for $300,000, and he does not think it is possible to get it through the present and existing

program.

Chairman HAYDEN. May I interrupt? I understand that you have to appear before a House committee.

Mr. CROW. Yes.

Chairman HAYDEN. Are there any questions of the Commissioner? Senator DwORSHAK. I am interested in these school facilities, but I think someone else will be able to answer the question.

Chairman HAYDEN. Could we excuse the Commissioner?
Senator YOUNG. Certainly.

Chairman HAYDEN. If there is something else you wish to say, you may do so.

PREPARED STATEMENT

Mr. CROW. I would be happy to put my statement in the record. Chairman HAYDEN. Very well.

(The statement referred to follows:)

STATEMENT OF JOHN O. CROW, ACTING COMMISSIONER, BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, it is a pleasure to have the opportunity of appearing before you to present the Bureau of Indian Affairs' request for appropriations for fiscal year 1962.

The Bureau provides services and assists the States in furnishing services to Indians in the United States, including the natives of Alaska, in the fields of human and natural resources. This includes among other things programs of education, welfare, law and order, and the protection, development, and management of trust property. Services are, in general, limited to those arising out of our relationship regarding trust property and to those Indian people who reside on trust or restricted land. Funds are not included in these estimates for furnishing services to Indian people who have established themselves in the general society. Education is basic to successful achievement of overall Bureau programs. But education as used and practiced in the Bureau of Indian Affairs is not limited to the classroom. Neither is it limited to children of school age. Education provides the base of understanding and skills that facilitate Indian acceptance of ideas and programs leading them to full assumption of citizenship responsibilities. Many of the Bureau's programs are geared to provide training and experience by example and through participation and practice. Resource programs, such as soil and moisture conservation, range and forest management, and irrigation farming as examples. Thus, the importance of education and teaching is woven into the overall program structure of the Bureau.

The total amount requested for fiscal year 1962 for the Bureau of Indian Affairs, is $161,312,000. This is an increase of $35,126,000 over the appropriation of $126,186,000 for fiscal year 1961. The increase is primarily for school construction. The House allowed $154,998,000 a decrease of $6,314,000 in the estimate. The reductions were made in requests for pay increase costs in the amount of $753,000; construction of facilities, $4,561,000; and funds for liquidation of roads obligations incurred under contract authorization, $1 million. We are requesting restoration of the entire reduction. In addition to the above fund reductions, the House committee recommended disallowance of the Bureau's proposed fund adjustments in program funds for increased administrative workloads generated by expanded programs. This would not require additional appropriations. It is quite important that the substantive and administrative programs of the Bureau not become so far out of balance that the administrative workload will be shifted to nonadministrative activities.

An increase of $5,080,000 is requested for programs under the "Education and welfare services” appropriation.