FIG. 5.

Before. Case of third-degree malignancy. Sarcoma (infectious granuloma). Diagnosis based on microscopic section. Case failed to respond to mixed toxin treatment. Complete recovery to date under massive, deep röntgenotherapy.

Case of third-degree malignancy. Epithelioma. Diagnosis confirmed by microscopical section. Case treated by operation, fulguration, postoperative deep röntgenotherapy and radium. Illustration shows the marked involvement which did not yield to any form of treatment, but penetrated to the brain. The patient died. Had he come for treatment before bone involvement developed, the end result would have been quite different.

aluminum, I deliver 40 Kienböck units-20 Holzknecht, 16 Hampson, 4B tint Sabouraud-in four minutes.

Instead of using the storage batteries to heat the filament of the Coolidge tube, as recommended by the makers of this tube, I have had a small heating unit transformer made to do this work. It obviates all the well-known disadvantages of keeping the storage batteries charged, requires practically no attention between treatments, and is always ready for use. The rheostat controlling the current is placed

Diagrammatic drawing of heating unit transformer for Coolidge tube for direct current

on the switchboard of the X-ray machine, under the operator's hand, and is operated by a rack and pinion, allowing the finest adjustment with the greatest ease. It is advisable to have this heating unit transformer on a separate current supply line from that which supplies the X-ray generating transformer. For instance, in my laboratory the X-ray generating apparatus is run by a commercial 220volt alternating current, while the heating unit transformer for the Coolidge tube is run on the 110-volt direct current generated in the hospital (Figs. 7 and 8).

Tintometer.—The tintometer is an apparatus which affords in

creased accuracy in measuring X-ray dosage. Its excellence is based on the fact that the scale of colors used in measuring is scientifically determined and unchangeable; they will not fade nor soil with use, in which particular it excels the Holzknecht, Hampson, and Sabouraud radiochronometers. The colors exactly match those produced in the treatment pastilles, both in tint and grain, instead of approximating them as in the Hampson instrument. The reading field is totally black, except at the two ports, where the standard color and the pastilles are visible, in which respect it surpasses all other meters (Fig. 9). Thus the eye can concentrate on the comparison of these two tints without being distracted by the presence in the field of figures or letters. It surpasses the Kienböck instrument, as it avoids all of the fussing and delay of developing photographic strips under unvarying conditions.

Diagrammatic drawing of heating unit transformer for Coolidge tube for alternating current.

Radium and Radium Emanations.-On account of the extravagant exploitations of radium as a therapeutic agent by the profession as well as by laymen, it is of interest to compare its relative value with that of other physical methods. The exploitation of radium has been fortunate in many respects. In the first place, it is so rare and expensive that it has been placed only in the hands of well-known physicians, surgeons, or scientists, who have felt in duty bound to test it extensively and report upon its properties. Their results are not nullified by a great multitude of mediocre or unreliable results promulgated by inexperienced observers who happened to have a few hundred dollars that they were willing to invest in the new agent, which agent they must needs exploit in order to get their money back,