cooperate with another nation and to communicate to that nation Restricted Data on

"(1) refining, purification, and subsequent treatment of source material;

"(2) civilian reactor development;

(3) production of special nuclear material; "(4) health and safety;

"(5) industrial and other applications of atomic energy for peaceful purposes; and

"(6) research and development relating to the foregoing:

Provided, however, That no such cooperation shall involve the communication of Restricted Data relating to the design or fabrication of atomic weapons: And provided further, That the cooperation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement for cooperation entered into in accordance with section 123, or is undertaken pursuant to an agreement existing on the effective date of this Act. 3

Department.

"b. The President may authorize the Department of Cooperation Defense, with the assistance of the Commission, to co- by Defense operate with another nation or with a regional defense organization to which the United States is a party, and to communicate to that nation or organization such Restricted Data (including design information) as is necessary to

"(1) the development of defense plans;

"(2) the training of personnel in the employment of and defense against atomic weapons and other military applications of atomic energy;

"(3) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons and other military applications of atomic energy; and

"(4) the development of compatible delivery systems for atomic weapons;

whenever the President determines that the proposed cooperation and the proposed communication of the Restricted Data will promote and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to the common defense and security, while such other nation or organization is participating with the United States pursuant to an international arrangement by substantial and material contributions to the mutual defense and security: Provided, however, That the cooperation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement entered into in accordance with section 123.*

a Public Law 85-479 (72 Stat. 276) (1958), sec. 5, amended subsec. a. of sec. 144 by inserting the word "civilian" before the words "reactor development" in clause (2) thereof.

Public Law 85-479 (72 Stat. 276) (1958). sec. 6, amended sec. 144 by substituting a new subsec. b. Before amendment subsec. b. read as follows:

"b. The President may authorize the Department of Defense, with the assistance of the Commission, to cooperate with another nation or with a (Continued)

Restrictions. 42 U.S.C.

sec. 2165.

"c. In addition to the cooperation authorized in subsections 144 a. and 144 b.. the President may authorize the Commission, with the assistance of the Department of Defense, to cooperate with another nation and--

"(1) to exchange with that nation Restricted Data concerning atomic weapons: Provided, That communication of such Restricted Data to that nation is necessary to improve its atomic weapon design, development, or fabrication capability and provided that nation has made substantial progress in the development of atomic weapons; and "(2) to communicate or exchange with that nation Restricted Data concerning research, development, or design, of military reactors,

whenever the President determines that the proposed cooperation and the communication of the proposed Restricted Data will promote and will not constitute an unreasonable risk to the common defense and security, while such other nation is participating with the United States pursuant to an international arrangement by substantial and material contributions to the mutual defense and security: Provided, however, That the cooperation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement entered into in accordance with section 123.

"d. The President may authorize any agency of the United States to communicate in accordance with the terms and conditions of an agreement for cooperation arranged pursuant to subsection 144 a., b., or c., such Restricted Data as is determined to be transmissable under the agreement for cooperation involved.5

"SEC. 145. RESTRICTIONS.

"a. No arrangement shall be made under section 31, no contract shall be made or continued in effect under section 41, and no license shall be issued under section 103 or 104, unless the person with whom such arrange

(Continued)

regional defense organization to which the United States is a party, and to communicate to that nation or organization such Restricted Data as is necessary to

"(1) the development of defense plans;

(2) the training of personnel in the employment of and defense against atomic weapons; and

"(3) the evaluation of the capabilities of potential enemies in the employment of atomic weapons.

while such other nation or organization is participating with the United States pursuant to an international arrangement by substantial and material contributions to the mutual defense and security; Provided, however, That no such cooperation shall involve communication of Restricted Data relating to the design or fabrication of atomic weapons except with regard to external characteristics, including size, weight, and shape, yields and effects, and systems employed in the delivery or use thereof but not including any data in these categories unless in the joint judgment of the Commission and the Department of Defense such data will not reveal important information concerning the design or fabrication of the nuclear components of an atomic weapon: And provided further, That the cooperation is undertaken pursuant to an agreement entered into in accordance with section 123."

5 Public Law 85-479 (72 Stat. 276) (1958), sec. 7, amended sec. 144 by adding subsecs. c. and d.

ment is made, the contractor or prospective contractor, or the prospective licensee agrees in writing not to permit any individual to have access to Restricted Data until

the Civil Service Commission shall have made an investi- Investigations gation and report to the Commission on the character, by CSC. associations, and loyalty of such individual, and the Commission shall have determined that permitting such person to have access to Restricted Data will not endanger the common defense and security.

"b. Except as authorized by the Commission or the General Manager upon a determination by the Commission or General Manager that such action is clearly consistent with the national interest, no individual shall be employed by the Commission nor shall the Commission permit any individual to have access to Restricted Data until the Civil Service Commission shall have made an investigation and report to the Commission on the character, associations, and loyalty of such individual, and the Commission shall have determined that permitting such person to have access to Restricted Data will not endanger the common defense and security.

"c. In lieu of the investigation and report to be made by the Civil Service Commission pursuant to subsection b. of this section, the Commission may accept an investigation and report on the character, associations, and loyalty of an individual made by another Government agency which conducts personnel security investigations, provided that a security clearance has been granted to such individual by another Government agency based on such investigation and report.

by FBI.

"d. In the event an investigation made pursuant to Investigations subsections a. and b. of this section develops any data reflecting that the individual who is the subject of the investigation is of questionable loyalty, the Civil Service Commission shall refer the matter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation for the conduct of a full field investigation, the results of which shall be furnished to the Civil Service Commission for its information and appropriate action.

"e. If the President deems it to be in the national interest he may from time to time determine that investigations of any group or class which are required by subsections a., b., and c. of this section be made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

"f. Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections a., b., and c. of this section, a majority of the members of the Commission shall certify those specific positions which are of a high degree of importance or sensitivity, and upon such certification, the investigation and

6

Public Law 87-615 (76 Stat. 409) (1962), sec. 10, amended subsec 145 f. by striking out a comma after the word "investigation”.

General provisions. 42 U.S.C. sec. 2166.

reports required by such provisions shall be made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation.

"g. The Commission shall establish standards and specifications in writing as to the scope and extent of investigations, the reports of which will be utilized by the Commission in making the determination, pursuant to subsections a., b., and c. of this section, that permitting a person access to restricted data will not endanger the common defense and security. Such standards and specifications shall be based on the location and class or kind of work to be done, and shall, among other considerations, take into account the degree of importance to the common defense and security of the Restricted Data to which access will be permitted.

"h. Whenever the Congress declares that a state of war exists, or in the event of a national disaster due to enemy attack, the Commission is authorized during the state of war or period of national disaster due to enemy attack to employ individuals and to permit individuals access to Restricted Data pending the investigation report, and determination required by section 145 b., to the extent that and so long as the Commission finds that such action is required to prevent impairment of its activities in furtherance of the common defense and security. 7

"SEC. 146. GENERAL PROVISIONS.

"a. Sections 141 to 145, inclusive, shall not exclude the applicable provisions of any other laws, except that no Government agency shall take any action under such other laws inconsistent with the provisions of those sections.

"b. The Commission shall have no power to control or restrict the dissemination of information other than as granted by this or any other law.

7 Public Law 87-206 (75 Stat. 475) (1961), sec. 6, amended sec. 145 by redesignating subsec. c. as subsec. d. and subsec. g. as subsec. b. This amendment also added new subsecs. "c", "e", "f", and "g". Before amendment, the section read as follows:

"SEC. 145. RESTRICTIONS.

"a. No arrangement shall be made under section 31, no contract shall be made or continued in effect under section 41, and no license shall be issued under section 103 or 104, unless the person with whom such arrangement is made, the contractor or prospective contractor, or the prospective licensee agrees in writing not to permit any individual to have access to Restricted Data until the Civil Service Commission shall have made an investigation and report to the Commission on the character, associations, and loyalty of such individual. and the Commission shall have determined that permitting such person to have access to Restricted Data will not endanger the common defense and security.

"b. Except as authorized by the Commission or the General Manager upon a determination by the Commission or General Manager that such action is clearly consistent with the national interest, no individual shall be employed by the Commission nor shall the Commission permit_any individual to have access to Restricted Data until the Civil Service Commission shall have made an investigation and report to the Commission on the character, associations. and loyalty of such individual, and the Commission shall have determined that permitting such person to have access to Restricted Data will not endanger the common defense and security. "c. In the event an investigation made pursuant to subsections a. and b. of this section develops any data reflecting that the individual who is the subject of the investigation is of questionable loyalty, the Civil Service Commission shall refer the matter to the Federal Bureau of Investigation (Continued)

"CHAPTER 13. PATENTS AND INVENTIONS

"SEC. 151. INVENTIONS RELATING TO ATOMIC WEAPONS, AND FILING OF REPORTS.—8

"a. No patent shall hereafter be granted for any invention or discovery which is useful solely in the utilization of special nuclear material or atomic energy in an atomic weapon. Any patent granted for any such invention or discovery is hereby revoked, and just compensation shall be made therefor.

"b. No patent hereafter granted shall confer any rights with respect to any invention or discovery to the extent that such invention or discovery is used in the utilization of special nuclear material or atomic energy in atomic weapons. Any rights conferred by any patent heretofore granted for any invention or discovery are hereby revoked to the extent that such invention or discovery is so used, and just compensation shall be made. therefor.

Inventious

relating to atomic

2.C sec. 2181.

42 U.S.C.

"c. Any person who has made or hereafter makes any Inventions invention or discovery useful in the production or utili- reports. zation of special nuclear material or atomic energy, shall file with the Commission a report containing a complete description thereof unless such invention or discovery is described in an application for a patent filed with the Commissioner of Patents by such person within the time. required for the filing of such report. The report covering any such invention or discovery shall be filed on or before the one hundred and eightieth day after such person first discovers or first has reason to believe that such (Continued)

for the conduct of a full field investigation, the results of which shall be furnished to the Civil Service Commission for its information and appropriate action.

"d. If the President deems it to be in the national interest, he may from time to time cause investigations of any group or class which are required by subsections a. and b. of this section to be made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation instead of by the Civil Service Commission.

"e. Notwithstanding the provisons of subsections a. and b. of this section, a majority of the members of the Commission shall certify those specific positions which are of a high degree of importance or sensitivity and upon such certification the investigation and reports required by such provisions shall be made by the Federal Bureau of Investigation instead of by the Civil Service Commission.

"f. The Commission shall establish standards and specifications in writing as to the scope and extent of investigations to be made by the Civil Service Commission pursuant to subsections a. and b. of this section. Such standards and specifications shall be based on the location and class or kind of work to be done, and shall, among other considerations, take into account the degree of importance to the common defense and security of the Restricted Data to which access will be permitted.

"g. Whenever the Congress declares that a state of war exists, or in the event of a national disaster due to enemy attack, the Commission is authorized during the state of war or period of national disaster due to enemy attack to employ individuals and to permit individuals access to Restricted Data pending the investigation report. and determination required by section 145 b., to the extent that and so long as the Commission finds that such action is required to prevent impairment of its activities in furtherance of the common defense and security."

8 Public Law 87-206 (75 Stat. 475) (1961), sec. 7, changed the title of this section. The title prior to amendment was "Military Utilization."