TIDE TABLES. (From U. S. Coast Survey.) time of high water for any place given in the table below apply the site the place to the times of high water for its respective port given on the twelve calendar pages of this Almanac. Add the correction to water when it is plus, and subtract it when it is minus. Example: To gh water at Rockland, Me., on January 8, 1909 > this for the succeeding low water or subtract same for preceding low ly 12 h. in the same way for the other high water of the same date. to water or: Cor- tion. -0 35 Cor Corrections to I'd, Me-0 49 Stonington, Conn.... ass. ... Cor rec tion. 8 46 -10 17 -81 -746 -6 15 -6 7 - 259 28 + 0 13 +1 4 + 911 + 9 25 + 1 22 + 5 7 011 + 0 18 + 4 59 -356 - 3 23 -2 38 +0 49 Sea Breeze, N. J.... +1 6 New Castle, Del... +1 47 Wilmington, Del.. +5 1 Gray's F., S. R., Pa. +6 58 Phil., Wash ave.... +2 23 Trenton, N. J.. +35 Rehoboth, Del.. +3 4 Ocean City, Md.. +3 7 Cape Chas. L., Va.. +3 21 Old Point Com., Va.+ 055 +3 40 Newport News, Va.. +3 2 Peaersburg, Va... +150 Richmond, Va....... +1 37 Yorktown, Va... +1 23 Pt. L., P. R., Md.. +0 40 Alexandria, P. R., Va +0 20 Wash, N. Y., D. C.. -0 36 E.110th st., N. Y. C. +2 6 Crisfield, C. B., Md. -011 High Bridge, N.Y.C.+2 21 Cambridge, C.B., Md. -0 18 Kingsbridge, N.Y.C. -0 18 Willets Point, N. Y. ass. -009] Glen C., L.I.S., N.Y. C., Mass. -0 11 Oyster B.,L.I.S., N.Y. . Mass. -01 Nthpt. H.,L.I.S., N.Y ant'k I +0 1 Trum. B., L.I.S.,N.Y Mass. +0 55 Sag Har.,L.I.S., N.Y.) ass.... +0 44 Montauk Pt. L.,N.Y.-0 1 Cape Lookout, N. C. I., Mass 4 6 Bellport, N. Y...... +2 39 Beaufort, N. C.... n, Mass +0 111 Fire Isl'd Inlet, N.Y. +0 56 Carolina Beach, N.C.-0 14 -18 Rockaway Inlet, N.Y.-0 35 Wilmington, N. C... +1 47 ve, Mass-3 41 Coney Island, N. Y.-0 42 B'nerman's B., N.C.4 1 Mass.-4 1 Tottenville, S.I.,N.Y.-0 21 White Hall, N. C... 3 58 Mass..-2 55 Fort Tom., S.I.,N.Y.-0 23 Georgetown, S. C... J., Mass-3 43 Ossining, H.R., N.Y. 1, Mass.-3 40 Albany H. R., N. Y. -3 48 Eliz'port, N. B., N.J. Mass. ass..... I.. I.. +0 56 Oxford, Md. +3 5 Pt. Dep.. S. R., Md. +1 49 Bluff Pt., W.R., S.C. -3 34 Long Branch, N. J.-0 37 Savannah, Ga.. I..... -0 50 + 2 10 2 41 0 0 -047 -15 0 12 +1 16 +0 21 + 0 36 + 0 49 + 0 53 +0 4 + 0 23 CULATIONS AND EXPLANATIONS OF SIGNS AND ABBREVIA TIONS. calculations except the Moon's Phases, Tides and seasons are in mean (See table for its conversion into Standard Time.) The Sun's rising and or the upper limb and corrected for refraction. The signs used are as conjunction or near approach, at which time a line from the North Star will also pass through the other; 8, opposition or 180° from the Sun, at the Superior Planets are the brightest; II, quadrature or 90° from the n;, Earth; , Mercury; 9, Venus;, Mars; 4, Jupiter; h, Saturn; Moon lowest; Moon highest; Moon generally; Ascending escending Node. erhelion, or nearest to Sun; applied to Planets. phelion, or furthest from Sun; applied to Planets. erigee, or nearest to Earth; applied to the Moon. thing, or Meridian Passage. STANDARD TIME TABLE. To obtain standard time, add or subtract the figures given to local time. Standard Correc- 5 Austin, Texas. Central |++++|++|+|||+|| +|++||++|++|++||+||+++|++| +31 Louisville, Ky.. Central 6 Lynchburg, Va.. Eastern 4 Memphis, Tenn. Central 43 Milwaukee, Wis. Central ++++++||+++++ |+|+++++++||++|+++|_||||| +|+| + 9 18 + 17 8 15 13 14 +6 +15 +10 +11 3 10 12 26 +23 + 2 + 13 + 29 TIME STANDARDS. The following is the table of times, based upon the meridian used by the United States and Canada: It is obvious that to express the time of rising and setting of the Sun and Moon in standard time would limit the usefulness of such data to the single point or place for which they were computed, while in mean time they are practically correct for places as widely separated as the width of the continent, as already explained, and persons having the mean time may easily ascertain the correct standard time of any event by making use of the table on this page. EXPLANATION OF THE CALENDAR PAGES. All the calculations in The Tribune Almanac are based upon mean or clock time unless otherwise stated. The Sun's rising and setting are for the upper limb, corrected for parallax and refraction. In the case of the Moon no correction is needed, as in the Sun, for "parallax and refraction"; with her they are of an opposite nature and just balance each other. The figures given, therefore, are for the Moon's centre on a true horizon, such as the ocean or a large plain affords. The calculations in each of the geographical divisions of each calendar page will apply with sufficient accuracy to all places in the contiguous North American zones indicated by the headings of the divisions. This statement is based on the fact that in the same latitude, or in the same line running due east and west, the Sun and Moon rise and set at almost the same moment of local or mean time, the difference in extremes being so slight as to be of no importance for ordinary purposes, except in the case of the Moon's rising, southing and setting, when 6m. for Pacific Coast points and 3m. for Mississippi River Valley region, including Chicago, etc., must be added, or 2m, for each hour of longitude. The heayv dotted lines show the arbitrary divisions of time in the United States. The plus and minus marks on either side of the meridian lines show whether it is necessary to add to or subtract from the standard time of points east or west of these lines to arrive at actual, or mean local, tíme. See table on page 4. Standard Time. For the convenience of the railroads and business in general a standard of time was established by mutual agreement in 1883, and it is by this method of calculation that trains are now run and local time is regulated. In accordance with this system the United States extending from 65° to 125° west longitude is divided into four time sections, as shown on the map. Inside of each of these sections standard time is uniform, and the time of each section differs from that next to it by exactly one hour. If the standard time correction for any place not enumerated in the table be desired proceed as follows: Locate the place, as any one can approximately on this map, and then subdivide the hour space in which the place is until the distance in time (60m. = one space) from that meridian within whose bounds the place is located is apparent. Then add or subtract the result to mean time as the sign at the top of the map indicates. Example: What will be the standard time of sunrise July 1 at Penn Yan, N. Y.? The map does not give the lines of latitude and longitude, but most people can locate their own place in its respective State on the map with sufficient correctness. By this means I locate Penn Yan at about one-eighth of the distance between the 75th and 90th meridians and within the Eastern time zone. This will give 8m. to be added, or 4:34. ERAS OF TIME. The Gregorian year 1909 corresponds to the following eras: From July 4 the 134th year of the independence of the United States. The year 1327 (nearly) of the Mahometan era of the Hegira, beginning January 23. The year 8018 of the Greek Church, beginning January 14 (Ó. S.). The year 4606 (nearly) of the Chinese era, beginning January 22. The year 5669-'70 (nearly) of the Jewish era. Year 5670 beginning at sunset September 15. (See calendar.) The year 2669 (nearly) of the Japanese era, beginning January 22. The year 6622 of the Julian Period. The year 2221 of the Grecian era. January 1, 1909, is the 2,418,308th day since the commencement of the Julian Period. EXPLANATORY NOTE.-The DOMINICAL Letter or letters (two for Leap Years), or Sunday Letters, indicates the day of the year on which the first Sunday occurs, the first seven letters of the alphabet being used. Thus for 1909 the Dominical Letter is C, the third letter of the alphabet, and hence the third day of the year will be the first Sunday of the year. In Leap Years two letters are used, the first being for January and February and the latter, being the preceding letter, answers for the last ten months in order to maintain the cycle.* The GOLDEN NUMBER is that number of a cycle of 19 years, which shows how many years have passed since New Moon fell on January 1, for in nearly 19 years the Solar and Lunar years nearly come together. The chief use of this cycle is in fixing the date of Easter, and in this same connection is used the EPACT. The SOLAR CYCLE is the number of years that have elapsed since the days of the week fell on the same days of the year, or when there will be, therefore, a recurrence of the Dominical or Sunday Letter. This would be the case every seven years but for Leap Year; hence, four times seven is the cycle, or 28 years. It is the remainder found by adding 9 to the year and dividing the sum by 28. The ROMAN INDICTION is a cycle of 15 years and is of no utility except to chronologers. It is the remainder found by adding 3 to the year and dividing by 15. THE JULIAN PERIOD is a cycle of 7980 years, and is the product of the three cycles-Golden Number (19), Solar Cycle (28) and Roman Indiction (15) and hence shows the time when these three cycles will coincide, or begin at the same time. The first of this cycle will be completed in the year 2267. It is the year +4713. The DIONYSIAN Period is a cycle of 532 years, and is also called the Great Paschal Cycle, being the product of a complete Solar and Lunar Cycle (28x19). It is the remainder found by adding 457 to the year and dividing by 532, and with the Julian Period is chiefly used by chronologers. The JEWISH LUNAR CYCLE is always three less than the Golden Number, and is used by the Jews in fixing the time of their festivals. *The rule for computing the Dominical Letter for any year is somewhat complicated and for that reason is omitted here. JEWISH OR HEBREW CALENDAR. Year 5669-'70. The Jewish year 5669 is the 7th of the 299th cycle of 19 years. |