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Organizations and Individuals Providing Additional Scientific, Technical, and Administrative Support

University of Texas

Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas

M. Trivedi, MD,

Scientific Assistant to the Chair
M. White, MM, Project Manager
L. Arnold

W. Hendrickse, MD, MRCP
G. Kramer

D. Savage

Agency for Health Care
Policy and Research,
Rockville, Maryland
J.J. Clinton, MD,
Administrator

K. McCormick, PhD, RN,
Director, Office of the Forum
E. Corrigan

C. Crofton, PhD

G. Hernandez, RN
S. King, MD

V. Montgomery

K. Pearson, RPh, MPH
R. Siegel

L. Williams

Editorial Associates,
Washington, District of
Columbia
G. Martin

Fast Word, Dallas, Texas
Health Systems Research,
Washington, District of
Columbia

MedStat Systems, Inc.,
Ann Arbor, Michigan

Mikalix & Company,
Waltham, Massachusetts
M. Madison, MPA, and staff
Moshman and Associates,
Bethesda, Maryland

National Institute of Mental
Health, Bethesda, Maryland
F. Goodwin, MD, Director
J. Burke, MD, MPH
J. Gonzales, MD

A. Leshner, PhD

G. Norquist, MD, MSPH
National Library of Medicine,
Bethesda, Maryland
I. Auston, MLS, and staff

University of California
at Los Angeles, California
D. Schriger, MD, MPH
University of California
at Berkeley, California
T.W. Hu, PhD

University of Pittsburgh
Medical Center,
Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
M. McDonald, MFA

Washington Consulting Group,
Inc., Washington, District of
Columbia

C.L. Smith

Index

A

Acronyms, 99

Acute treatment, 101

Adequate treatment analysis, 101
Adjustment disorder

clinical course and outcome of, 54
diagnosis of, 20
Adolescents

features of dysthymic disorder in, 3
major depressive disorder in, 4
Agoraphobia, 47-48

Alcoholism. See also Substance abuse
depression and, 5, 43, 45-47
family studies of, 45-46
Alpha-methyldopa, 68

Alzheimer's disease, 40, 59

Amphetamines, 4, 37

Amphotericin B, 71

Anabolic steroids, 6, 69

Angiotensin I converting enzyme
(ACE) inhibitors, 69
Anhedonia, 101

Anorexia, 49

Anti-infective agents, 67
Anti-inflammatory medications, 67

Antiarrhythmics, 71

Antibiotics, 71

Anticancer agents, 67
Anticonvulsants

depressive effects of, 70

to treat secondary bipolar disorders,
37

Antidepressants. See also Tricyclic
antidepressants

manic or hypomanic episodes

precipitated by, 37

in patients with genetic disposition to
bipolar disorder, 4

to treat eating disorders, 49-50

to treat psychotic depression, 28

Antihypertensives, 11, 68-69
Anxiety disorders

characteristics of, 29

chronic fatigue symptoms and, 64
depression concurrent with, 34, 47-48

B

Bech-Rafaelsen Depression Scale, 77
Beck Depression Inventory, 76
Behavioral therapy, 101

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents, 68
Bipolar disorder

genetic vulnerability for, 73-74
Bipolar disorder not otherwise specified
description of, 2, 19
diagnosis of, 31

in DSM-III-R, 38

Bipolar disorders. See also Bipolar
disorder not otherwise specified;
Bipolar I disorder; Bipolar II

disorder; Cyclothymic disorder

clinical features and course of, 4, 21,
35-37

diagnosis of, 11, 20-21
epidemiology of, 37
explanation of, 2, 17, 101
subtypes of, 2, 19, 37-38
use of verapamil to treat, 69
Bipolar I disorder

description of, 2, 19

features of, 4, 36, 37

morbidity and mortality associated
with, 36
Bipolar II disorder

description of, 19

diagnosis of, 31

features of, 37

seasonal patterns in, 37

Blood level measurements, 83
Bulimia, 49, 50

C

Calcium-channel blockers, 69

Cancer, 6, 56, 62-64

Carbamazepine, 70

Cardiovascular medications, 67

Center for Epidemiological Studies-
Depression Scale, 76

Children

dysthymic disorder in, 3, 33

[blocks in formation]

depression in patients with, 58-59
distinguishing depression from, 40
Depression. See also individual types of
depression; Mood disorders
clinical clues for, 73-75
clinician-completed rating scales to
detect, 77-78

coexisting with medical conditions,
5-6, 55-65. See also individual
medical conditions; Medical
disorders

description of, 1, 12

differential diagnosis of, 7-8, 19-20,
78-84

in geriatric patients, 4, 40, 41
ongoing clinical reassessment for,
83-84

patient self-report questionnaires to
detect, 75-77

prevalence of, 1, 3-4, 10, 23-25
psychotic, 26-28

risk factors for, 1, 3, 5-7, 23, 73
signs and symptoms of, 6-7, 9

social stigma associated with, 9,
15-16

Depression Guideline Panel, 10, 12
Depression Guidelines
background of, 11

interpretation of scientific literature
for, 15-16

literature reviews and guideline

development in, 12-15

overview of, 9-10

Depression not otherwise specified
(DNOS)

clinical features and course of, 33-34,
54, 58

cost of untreated, 34-35
epidemiology of, 3-4, 34
explanation of, 2, 3, 18

in geriatric patients, 40
medical conditions and, 62
panic disorder and, 47

Dexamethasone suppression test, 79, 81
Diabetes, 59-61

Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of

Mental Disorders, Third Edition,
Revised (DSM-III-R)

bereavement in, 53, 54

bipolar disorder not otherwise
specified in, 38

definition of depression in, 1, 12
depression in, 7, 9, 10
dysthymic disorder in, 32

major depressive disorder in, 18
manic episodes in, 35
personality disorders in, 52
somatization disorder in, 5, 51, 55
Differential diagnosis

clinical reassessment as critical
element for, 83-84
of grieving patients, 19-20
laboratory tests used for, 78-82
for primary mood disorders, 19-20
psychological tests used for, 82-83
steps used for, 7-8, 78, 79
Digoxin, 71

Drug abuse, 46. See also Substance
abuse

Dysthymic disorder

clinical features and course of, 3,
31-32

costs of untreated, 33

[blocks in formation]

atypical features of, 27, 29

in children and adolescents, 39-40
clinical features and course of, 2-3,
17, 21-23

conditions associated with, 17-19
cost of untreated, 24, 26

diagnosis and treatment of, 11
differentiation between dysthymic
disorder and, 31

DSM-III-R criteria for, 18
dysthymic disorder with, 32
epidemiology of, 23-24
explanation of, 2, 18, 102
in geriatric patients, 40, 41
melancholic features of, 27, 28
in partial remission, 18, 31-32
postpartum, 27, 30-31
prevalence of, 3, 23-25

psychological tests to diagnose, 82
psychotic features of, 26-28
relationship between psychiatric
disorders and, 43, 44

seasonal features of, 27, 29-30
subgroups of, 26

treated as independent condition when
coexisting with medical disorder,
55-56. See also individual medical
disorders

Mania, 102

Manic episodes, 4, 35-38

Medical disorders. See also individual
medical disorders

depressive symptoms in patients with,
5-7, 11, 55

explanations for depression coexisting
with, 55-56

in geriatric patients, 40, 41

manic and hypomanic episodes
produced by, 4

relationship between major depressive
and general, 57

treatment of major depressive disorder
as independent condition when
coexisting with, 55-56

use of psychological tests for patients
with, 82

Medical Outcomes Study, 52

Medication. See also Antidepressants;

individual medications

causing or maintaining rapid cycling,
37-38

depression associated with, 6, 11,
67-71

for geriatric patients, 41

for patients with depression and panic
disorder, 48
Melancholic features

characteristics and implications for,
27, 28

definition of, 103

Men

alcoholism in, 45, 46

brief depressive disorder in, 34
clinical features of major depressive
disorder in, 4

course of depression in, 22

dysthymic disorder in, 32, 33

Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory, 82
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality

Inventory (MMPI), 82

Minor depressive disorder, 33
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors
(MAOIs), 29

Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating
Scale, 77

Mood disorders. See also Depression;
individual types of mood disorders;
Major depressive disorder

in children and adolescents, 39-40
differential diagnosis of, 19-20
economic costs of, 9, 16, 24
explanation of, 103

features of, 9, 17-21
in geriatric patients, 40, 41
in patients with general medical
conditions, 5, 55
prevalence of, 25

risk factors associated with, 5-6,
55-56

social costs of, 9, 15-16, 24
substance-induced, 4, 7, 11
types of primary, 2
Multiple sclerosis, 4

Myocardial infarction, 61, 62

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