Athenian DemocracyPeter John Rhodes Oxford University Press, 2004 - 358 pages Athens' democracy developed during the sixth and fifth centuries and continued into the fourth; Athens' defeat by Macedon in 322 began a series of alternations between democracy and oligarchy. The democracy was inseparably bound up with the ideals of liberty and equality, the rule of law, and the direct government of the people by the people. Liberty means above all freedom of speech, the right to be heard in the public assembly and the right to speak one's mind in private. Equality meant the equal right of male citizens (perhaps 60,000 in the fifth century, 30,000 in the fourth) to participate in the government of the state and the administration of the law. Disapproved of as a mob rule until the nineteenth century, the institutions of Athenian democracy have become an inspiration for modern democratic politics and political philosophy. P. J. Rhodes's reader focuses on the political institutions, political activity, history, and nature of Athenian democracy and introduces some of the best British, American, German, and French scholarship on its origins, theory, and practice. Part I is devoted to political institutions: citizenship, the assembly, the law-courts, and capital punishment. Part II explores aspects of political activity: the demagogues and their relationship with the assembly, the maneuverings of the politicians, competitive festivals, and the separation of public from private life. Part III looks at three crucial points in the development of the democracy: the reforms of Solon, Cleisthenes, and Ephialtes. Part IV considers what it was in Greek life that led to the development of democracy. Some of the authors adopt broad-brush approaches to major questions; others analyze a particular body of evidence in detail. Use is made of archeology, comparison with other societies, the location of festivals in their civic context, and the need to penetrate behind what the classical Athenians made of their past. |
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Contents
General Introduction | 1 |
POLITICAL INSTITUTIONS | 13 |
Introduction to Part I | 15 |
Athenian Citizenship The Descent Group and the Alternatives | 18 |
How Did the Athenian Ecclesia Vote? | 40 |
Aristotle the Kleroteria and the Courts | 62 |
Jury Pay and Assembly Pay at Athens | 95 |
Capital Punishment | 132 |
MOMENTS IN HISTORY | 237 |
Introduction to Part III | 239 |
How a Political Myth Takes Shape Solon Founding Father of the Athenian Democracy | 242 |
The Athenian Revolution of 5087 BC Violence Authority and the Origins of Democracy | 260 |
Cleisthenes and Attica | 287 |
Ephialtes Eisangelia and the Council | 310 |
A VIEW OF DEMOCRACY | 325 |
Introduction to Part IV | 327 |
POLITICAL ACTIVITY | 159 |
Introduction to Part II | 161 |
Athenian Demagogues | 163 |
Political Activity in Classical Athens | 185 |
Competitive Festivals and the Polis A Context for Dramatic Festivals at Athens | 207 |
Public and Private Interests in Classical Athens | 225 |
The Greeks The Political Revolution in World History | 328 |
349 | |
Guide to Further Reading | 350 |
352 | |
356 | |