v. Davidson, 181 U. S., 371; Tonawanda v. Lyon, 181 U. S., 389; [ARTICLE VI.] In all criminal prosecutions, the accused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial, by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation; to be confronted with the witnesses against him; to have compulsory process for obtaining witnesses in his favor, and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. United States v. Cooledge, 1 Wh., 415; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; United States v. Mills, 7 Pet., 142; Barron v. City of Baltimore, 7 Pet., 243; Fox v. Ohio, 5 How., 410; Withers . Buckley et al., 20 How., 84; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 2; Twichell v. The Commonwealth, 7 Wall., 321; Miller v. The United States, 11 Wall., 268; United States v. Cook, 17 Wall., 168; United States v. Cruikshank et al., 92 U. S., 542; Reynolds v. United States, 98 U. S., 145; Spiers . Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Brooks v. Missouri, 124 U. S., 394; Callan v. Wilson, 127 U. S., 540; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Jones v. United States, 137 U. S., 202; Cook r. United States, 138 U. S., 157; In re Shubuya Jugiro, 140 U. S., 291; In re Ross, 140 U. S., 453; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; Mattox v. United States, 156 U. S., 237; Rosen v. United States, 161 U. S., 29; United States v. Zucker, 161 U. S., 475; Wong Wing . United States, 163 U. S., 228; Thompson v. Utah, 170 U. S., 343; Maxwell . Dow, 176 U. S., 581; Motes v. United States, 178 U. S., 458; Fidelity and Deposit Co. v. United States, 187 U. S., 315; Hawaii v. Mankichi, 190 U. S., 197. [ARTICLE VII.] In suits at common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the right of trial by jury shall be preserved, and no fact tried by a jury shall be otherwise re-examined in any Court of the United States, than according to the rules of the common law. United States v. La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 297; Bank of Columbia . Oakley, 4 Wh., 235; Parsons v. Bedford et al., 3 Pet., 433; Lessee of Livingston v. Moore et al., 7 Pet., 469; Webster v. Reid, 11 How., 437; State of Pennsylvania r. The Wheeling, &c., Bridge Company et al., 13 How., 518; The Justices v. Murray, 9 Wall., 274; Edwards v. Elliott et al., 21 Wall., 532; Pearson . Yewdall, 95 U. S., 294; McElrath v. United States, 102 U. S., 426; Spiers . Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Arkansas Valley Land & Cattle Co. v. Mann., 130 U. S., 69; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; Whitehead v. Shattuck, 138 U. S., 146; Scott r. Neely, 140 Ú. S., 106; Cates r. Allen, 149 U. S., 451; Fong Yue Ting v. United States, 149 U. S., 698; Coughran . Bigelow, 164 U. S., 301; Walker v. New Mexico & Southern Pacific Railroad, 165 U. S., 593; Chicago, Burlington & Quincy. Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; American Publishing Co., v. Fisher, 166 U. S., 464. [ARTICLE VIII.] Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. Pervear v. Commonwealth, 5 Wall., 475; Spiers . Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Manning v. French, 133 U. S., 186; Eilenbecker v. Plymouth County, 134 U. S., 31; McElvaine v. Brush, 142 U. S., 155; O'Neil v. Vermont, 144 U. S., 323; McDonald e. Massachusetts, 180 U. S., 311. [ARTICLE IX.] The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. Lessee of Livingston v. Moore et al., 7 Pet., 469; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131. [ARTICLE X.] The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. Chisholm, ex., v. State of Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Hollingsworth et al. v. The State of Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Martin v. Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wh., 304; McCulloch v. State of Maryland, 4 Wh., 316; Anderson. Dunn, 6 Wh., 204; Cohens e. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; Buchler v. Finley, 2 Pet., 586; Ableman v. Booth, 21 How., 506; The Collector v. Ďay, 11 Wall, 113; Claflin v. Houseman, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Inman Steamship Company v. Tinker, 94 U. S. 238; United States v. Fox, 94 U. S., 315; Tennessee . Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Spiers v. Illinois, 123 U. S., 131; Pollock v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co. (Income Tax Case), 157 U. S. 429; Forsyth v. Hammond, 166 U. S., 506; St. Anthony Falls Water Power Co. v. St. Paul Water Commissioners, 168 U. S., 349; Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway Co. v. Haber, 169 U. S., 613; Hancock Mutual Life Ins. Co. v. Warren, 181 U. S., 73; Kansas r. Colorado, 185 U. S., 125; Andrews r. Andrews, 188 U. S., 14. ARTICLE XI.* The Judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity, commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by Citizens of another State, or by Citizens or Subjects of any Foreign State. State of Georgia v. Brailsford et al., 2 Dall., 402; Chisholm, ex. v. State of Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Hollingsworth et. al. v. Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Cohen. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; United States v. The Planters' Bank, 9 Wh., 904; the Governor of Georgia v. Juan Madrazo, 1 Pet., 110; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Briscoe v. The Bank of the Commonwealth of Kentucky, 11 Pet., 257; Curran v. State of Arkansas et al., 15 How., 304; Lousiana v. Jumel, 107 U. S., 711; New Hampshire v. Louisiana, 108 U. S., 76; Clark v. Barnard, 108 U. S., 436; Cunningham v. Macon & Brunswick Railroad, 109 Ú. S., 446; Virginia Coupon Cases; Poindexter v. Greenlow, 114 U. S., 270; Allen, auditor, et al. v. Baltimore & Ohio R. R. Co., 114 U. S., 311; Hagood . Southern, 117 U. S., 52; Ralston . Missouri Fund Commissioners, 120 U. S., 390; In re Ayers, 123 U. S., 443; Lincoln County v. Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Christian . Atlantic & North Carolina R. R. Co., 133 U. S., 233; Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U. S., 1; North Carolina v. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; New York Guaranty Co. v. Steele, 134 U. S., 230; Virginia Coupon Cases, 135 U. S., 662; Pennover . McConnaughy, 140 U. S., 1; United States v. Texas, 143 U. S., 621; In re Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; Reagan v. Farmers' Loan & Trust Co., 154 U. Š., 362; Scott v. Donald, 165 U. S., 58; Scott v. Donald, 165 U. S., 107; Tindal v. Wesley, 167 U. S., 204; Smyth v. Ames, 169 U. S., 466; Fitts v. McGhee, 172 U. S., 516; Louisiana v. Texas, 176 U. S., 1; Smith v. Reeves, 178 U. S., 436; Scranton v. Wheeler, 179 U. S., 141; Illinois Central Railroad Co. v. Adams, 180 U. S., 28; Prout v. Starr, 188 U. S., 537; South Dakota r. North Carolina, 192 U. S., 286. ARTICLE XII.† The Electors shall meet in their respective states, and vote by ballot for President and Vice-President, one of whom, at *The eleventh amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Third Congress on the 5th of September, 1794; and was declared in a message from the President to Congress, dated the 8th of January, 1798, to have been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. †The twelfth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Eighth Congress on the 12th of December, 1803, in lieu of the original third paragraph of the first section of the second article, and was declared in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 25th of September, 1804, to have been ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the States. least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same state with themselves; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Vice-President, and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all persons voted for as Vice-President, and of the number of votes for each, which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit sealed to the seat of the government of the United States, directed to the President of the Senate;-The President of the Senate shall, in presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates and the votes shall then be counted; The person having the greatest number of votes for President, shall be the President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed; and if no person have such majority, then from the persons having the highest numbers not exceeding three on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Representatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by states, the representation from each state having one vote; a quorum for this purpose shall consist of a member or members from two-thirds of the states, and a majority of all the states shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President whenever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Vice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. person having the greatest number of votes as Vice-President, shall be the Vice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of Electors appointed, and if no person have a majority, then from the two highest numbers on the list, the Senate shall choose the Vice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of Senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Vice-President of the United States. In re Green, 134 U. S., 377. The ARTICLE XIII.* SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation. Dred Scott r. Sanford, 19 How., 393; White v. Hart, 13 Wall., 646; Osborn . Nicholson, 13 Wall., 654; Slaughter-house Cases, 16 Wall., 36; Ex parte Virginia, 100 U. S., 339; Civil Rights Case, 109 U. S., 3; Plessy . Ferguson, 163 U. S., 537; Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S., 275. ARTICLE XIV.+ SECTION 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and of the State wherein they reside.1 No State shall make or enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor *The thirteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-eighth Congress, on the 1st of February, 1865, and was declared, in a proclamation of the Secretary of State, dated the 18th of December, 1865, to have been ratified by the legislatures of twenty-seven of the thirty-six States, viz: Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Maryland, New York, West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Missouri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Vermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecticut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia. The fourteenth amendment to the Constitution of the United States was proposed to the legislatures of the several States by the Thirty-ninth Congress, on the 16th of June, 1866. On the 21st of July, 1868, Congress adopted and transmitted to the Department of State a concurrent resolution declaring that "the legislatures of the States of Connecticut, Tennessee, New Jersey, Oregon, Vermont, New York, Ohio, Illinois, West Virginia, Kansas, Maine, Nevada, Missouri, Indiana, Minnesota, New Hampshire, Massachusetts, Nebraska, Iowa, Arkansas, Florida, North Carolina, Alabama, South Carolina, and Louisiana, being three-fourths and more of the several States of the Union, have ratified the fourteenth |