attained to the Age of thirty five Years, and been fourteen Years a Resident within the United States.

English . The Trustees of the Sailors' Snug Harbor, 3 Pet., 99. In Case of the Removal of the President from Office, or of his Death, Resignation, or Inability to discharge the Powers and Duties of the said Office, the same shall devolve on the Vice President, and the Congress may by Law provide for the Case of Removal, Death, Resignation or Inability, both of the President and Vice President, declaring what Officer shall then act as President, and such Officer shall act accordingly, until the Disability be removed, or a President shall be elected.

"The President shall, at stated Times, receive for his Services, a Compensation, which shall neither be encreased nor diminished during the Period for which he shall have been elected, and he shall not receive within that Period any other Emolument from the United States, or any of them.

'Before he enter on the Execution of his Office, he shall take the following Oath or Affirmation:-"I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the Office of President of the United States, and will to the best of my Ability, preserve, protect and defend the Constitution of the United States."

In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1.

1

SECTION. 2. The President shall be Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several States, when called into the actual Service of the United States; he may require the Opinion, in writing, of the principal Officer in each of the executive Departments, upon any Subject relating to the Duties of their respective Offices, and he shall have power to grant Reprieves and Pardons for Offences against the United States, except in Cases of Impeachment.

United States v. Wilson, 7 Pet., 150; Ex parte William Wells, 18 How., 307; Ex parte Garland, 4 Wall., 333; Armstrong's Foundry, 6 Wall., 766; The Grape Shot, 9 Wall., 129; United States v. Padel

2

ford, 9 Wall., 542; United States v. Klein, 13 Wall., 128; Armstrong . The United States, 13 Wall., 152; Pargoud v. The United States, 13 Wall., 156; Hamilton v. Dillin, 21 Wall., 73; Mechanics and Traders' Bank r. Union Bank, 22 Wall., 276; Lamar, ex., . Browne et al., 92 U. S., 187; Wallach et al. . Van Riswick, 92 U. S., 202; Eustis v. Bolles, 150 U. S., 361.

He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, to make Treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur; and he shall nominate, and by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate, shall appoint Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls, Judges of the supreme Court, and all other Officers of the United States, whose Appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by Law: but the Congress may by Law vest the Appointment of such inferior Officers, as they think proper, in the President alone, in the Courts of Law, or in the Heads of Departments.

3

Ware . Hylton et al., 3 Dall., 199; Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cr., 137; United States v. Kirkpatrick, 9 Wh., 720; American Insurance Company . Canter (356 bales cotton), 1 Pet., 511; Foster and Elam v. Neilson, 2 Pet., 253; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; Patterson v. Gwinn et al., 5 Pet., 233; Worcester v. State of Georgia, 6 Pet., 515; City of New Orleans v. De Armas et al., 9 Pet., 224; Holden v. Joy, 17 Wall., 211; United States v. Germaine, 99 U.S., 508; United States v. Corson, 114 U. S., 619; United States v. Perkins, 116 U. S., 483; United States v. Rauscher, 119 U. S., 407; Mormon Church v. United States, 136 U. S., 1; Field v. Clark, 143 U. S., 649; Shoemaker v. United States, 147 U. S., 282; Parsons v. United States, 167 U. S., 324; Rice v. Ames, 180 U. S., 371; Fourteen Diamond Rings v. United States, 183 U. S., 176.

3 The President shall have Power to fill up all Vacancies that may happen during the Recess of the Senate, by granting Commissions which shall expire at the End of their next Session.

The United States r. Kirkpatrick et al., 9 Wh., 720.

SECTION. 3. He shall from time to time give to the Congress Information of the State of the Union, and recommend to their Consideration such Measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient; he may, on extraordinary Occasions, convene both Houses, or either of them, and in Case of Disagreement between them, with Respect to the Time of Adjourn

ment, he may adjourn them to such Time as he shall think proper; he shall receive Ambassadors and other public Ministers; he shall take Care that the Laws be faithfully executed, and shall Commission all the Officers of the United States.

v.

Marbury . Madison, 1 Cr., 137; Kendall, Postmaster-General, v. The United States, 12 Pet., 524; Luther e. Borden, 7 How., 1; The State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, 4 Wall., 475; Stewart . Kahn, 11 Wall., 493; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1.

SECTION. 4. The President, Vice President, and all civil Officers of the United States, shall be removed from Office on Impeachment for, and Conviction of, Treason, Bribery, or other high Crimes and Misdemeanors.

Langford v. United States, 101 U. S., 341.

ARTICLE III.

SECTION. 1. The judicial Power of the United States shall be vested in one supreme Court, and in such inferior Courts as the Congress may from time to time ordain and establish. The Judges, both of the supreme and inferior Courts, shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour, and shall, at stated Times, receive for their Services, a Compensation, which shall not be diminished during their Continuance in Office.

Chisholm, ex., r. Georgia, 2 Dall., 419; Stuart v. Laird, 1 Cr., 299; United States v. Peters, 5 Cr., 115; Cohens . Virginia, 6 Cr., 264; Martin . Hunter's Lessee, 1 Wh., 304; Osborn v. United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; Benner et al. . Porter, 9 How., 235; The United States v. Ritchie, 17 How., 525; Murray's Lessee et. al. v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Ex parte Vallandigham, 1 Wall., 243; Pennoyer v. Neff, 95 U. S., 714; United States . Union Pacific Railroad Co., 98 U. S. 569; Mitchell r. Clark, 110 U. S., 633, Ames v. Kansas, 111 U. S., 449; In re Loney, 134 U. S., 373; In re Green, 134 U. S., 377; McAllister v. United States, 141 U. S., 174, Robertson ?. Baldwin, 165 U. S., 275; Hanover National Bank v. Moyses, 186 U. S., 181.

SECTION. 2. The judicial Power shall extend to all Cases, in Law and Equity, arising under this Constitution, the Laws of the United States, and Treaties made, or which shall be made, under their Authority';-to all cases affecting Ambassadors, other public Ministers and Consuls2;-to all Cases of admiralty and maritime Jurisdiction3;-to Controversies to

which the United States shall be a Party';-to Controversies between two or more States ;-between a State and Citizens of another State ;-between Citizens of different States 7; between Citizens of the same State claiming Lands under Grants of different States, and between a State, or the Citizens thereof, and foreign States, Citizens or Subjects".

Hayburn's case (note), 2 Dall., 410; Chisholm, ex., v. Georgia, 2 Dali., 419; Glass et al. v. Sloop Betsey, 3 Dall., 6; United States r. La Vengeance, 3 Dall., 297; Hollingsworth et al. . Virginia, 3 Dall., 378; Mossman, ex., v. Higginson, 4 Dall., 12; Marbury v. Madison, 1 Cr., 137; Hepburn et al. v. Ellezley, 2 Cr., 444; United States . Moore, 3 Cr., 159; Strawbridge et al. . Curtiss et al., 3 Cr., 267; Ex parte Bollman and Swartwout, 4 Cr., 75; Rose v. Himely, 4 Cr., 241; Chappedelaine et al. . Dechenaux, 4 Cr., 305; Hope Insurance Company. Boardman et al., 5 Cr., 57; Bank of United States v. Deveaux et al., 5 Cr., 61; Hodgson et al. v. Bowerbank et als., 5 Cr., 303; Owings . Norwood's Lessee, 5 Cr., 344; Durousseau v. The United States, 6 Cr., 307; United States v. Hudson and Goodwin, 7 Cr., 32; Martin e. Hunter, 1 Wh., 304; Colson et al. . Lewis, 2 Wh., 377; United States v. Bevans, 3 Wh., 336; Cohens v. Virginia, 6 Wh., 264; Ex parte Kearney, 7 Wh., 38; Matthews v. Zane, 7 Wh., 164; Osborn ". United States Bank, 9 Wh., 738; United States v. Ortega, 11 Wh., 467; American Insurance Company . Canter (356 bales cotton), 1 Pet., 511; Jackson v. Twentyman, 2 Pet., 136; Cherokee Nation v. State of Georgia, 5 Pet., 1; State of New Jersey v. State of New York, 5 Pet., 283; Davis v. Packard et al., 6 Pet., 41; United States v. Arredondo et al., 6 Pet., 691; Davis . Packard et al., 7 Pet., 276; Breedlove et al. . Nicolet et al., 7 Pet., 413; Brown v. Keene, 8 Pet., 112; Davis v. Packard et al., 8 Pet., 312; City of New Orleans v. De Armas et al., 9 Pet., 224; The State of Rhode Island . The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, 12 Pet., 657; The Bank of Augusta v. Earle, 13 Pet., 519; The Commercial and Railroad Bank of Vicksburg v. Slocomb et al., 14 Pet., 60; Suydam et al. v. Broadnax, 14 Pet., 67; Prigg v. The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, 16 Pet., 539; Louisville, Cincinnati and Charleston Railway Company v. Letson, 2 How., 497; Cary et als. v. Curtis, 3 How., 236; Warring . Clark, 5 How., 441; Luther v. Borden, 7 How., 1; Sheldon et al . Sill, 8 How., 441; The Propeller Genessee Chief v. Fitzhugh et al., 12 How., 443; Fretz et al. v. Ball et al., 12 How., 466; Neves et al. v. Scott et al., 13 How., 268; State of Pennsylvania v. The Wheeling, &c., Bridge Company et al., 13 How., 518; Marshall v. The Baltimore and Ohio R. R. Co., 16 How., 314; The United States v. Guthrie, 17 How., 284; Smith v. State of Maryland, 18 How., 71; Jones et al. v. League, 18 How., 76; Murray's Lessee et al. v. Hoboken Land and Improvement Company, 18 How., 272; Hyde et al. . Stone, 20 How., 170; Irvine v. Marshall et al., 20 How., 558; Fenn . Holmes, 21 How., 481; Moorewood et al. v. Erequist, 23 How., 491; Commonwealth of Kentucky v. Dennison, Governor, 24 How., 66; Ohio and Mississippi Railroad Company . Wheeler, 1 Black, 286, The Steamer Saint Lawrence, 1 Black, 522; The Pro

peller Commerce, 1 Black, 574; Ex parte Vallandigham, 1 Wall., 243; Ex parte Milligan, 4 Wall., 1; The Moses Taylor, 4 Wall., 411; State of Mississippi v. Johnson, President, 4 Wall., 475; The Hine v. Trevor, 4 Wall., 555; City of Philadelphia v. The Collector, 5 Wall., 720; State of Georgia v. Stanton, 6 Wall., 50; Payne v. Hook, 7 Wall., 425; The Alicia, 7 Wall., 571; Ex parte Yerger, 8 Wall., 85; Insurance Company . Dunham, 11 Wall., 1; Virginia v. West Virginia, 11 Wall., 39; Coal Company v. Blatchford, 11 Wall., 172; Railway Company v. Whitton's adm., 13 Wall., 270; Tarble's Case, 13 Wall., 397; Blyew et al. v. The United States, 13 Wall., 581; Davis . Gray, 16 Wall., 203; Case of the Sewing Machine Companies, 18 Wall., 553; Insurance Company v. Morse, 20 Wall., 445; Vannevar v. Bryant, 21 Wall., 41; The Lottawanna, 21 Wall., 558; Gaines v. Fuentes et al., 92 U. S., 10; Claflin v. Houseman, assignee, 93 U. S., 130; Muller v. Dows, 94 U. S., 444; Doyle v. Continental Insurance Company, 94 U. S., 535; United States v. Union Pacific Railroad Co., 98 U. S., 569; Tennessee v. Davis, 100 U. S., 257; Ex parte Boyd, 105 U. S., 647; Bush v. Kentucky, 107 U. S., 110; Transportation Company. Parkersburg, 107 U. S., 691; Goss v. United States Mortgage Co., 108 U. S., 477; Chicago and Alton R. R. Co. v. Wiggins Ferry Co., 108 U. S., 18; Louisiana v. New Orleans, 108 U. S., 568; Ellis v. Davis, 109 Ú. S., 485; Carroll County. Smith, 111 U. S., 556; Southern Pacific Railroad Co. v. California, 118 U. S., 109; Barron v. Burnside, 121 U. S., 186; Lincoln County . Luning, 133 U. S., 529; Hans v. Louisiana, 134 U. S., 1; North Carolina v. Temple, 134 U. S., 22; In re Neagle, 135 U. S., 1; Nashua and Lowell R. R. v. Boston and Lowell R. R., 136 U. S., 356; Jones v. United States, 137 U. S., 202; Cook County v. Calumet and Chicago Canal Co., 138 U. S., 635; Manchester. Massachusetts, 139 U. S., 240; In re Garnett, 141 U. S., 1; United States v. Texas, 143 U. S., 621; Southern Pacific Company. Denton, 146 U. S., 202; Cooke v. Avery, 147 U. S., 375; Cates v. Allen, 149 U. S., 451; McNulty v. California, 149 U. S., 645; In re Tyler, 149 U. S., 164; Newport Light Co. v. Newport, 151 U. S., 527; New York and New England Railroad Co. v. Bristol, 151 U. S., 556; Israel . Arthur, 152 U. S., 355; Michigan v. Flint and Pere Marquette R. R. Co., 152 U. S., 363; New Orleans v. Benjamin, 153 U. S., 411; Mobile and Ohio Railroad Co. v. Tennessee, 153 U. S., 486; Reagan v. Farmers' Loan and Trust Co., 154 U.S., 362; Inter-State Commerce Commission v. Brimson, 154 Ú. S., 447; Plumley r. Massachusetts, 155 U. S., 461; Andrews v. Schwarz, 156 U.S., 272; St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Co. v. Gill, 156 U. S., 649; Stevens' administrator v. Nichols, 157 U. S., 370; in re Debs, petitioner, 158 U. S., 564; Central Land Co. v. Laidley, 159 U. S., 103; Folsom . Ninety-Six, 159 U. S., 611; Laing . Rigney, 160 U. S., 531; St. Louis and San Francisco Railway Co. v. James, 161 U. S., 545; Woodruff . Mississippi, 162 U. S., 291; Fallbrook Irrigation District v. Bradley, 164 U. S., 112; Scott v. Donald, 165 U. S., 107; Robertson v. Baldwin, 165 U. S., 275; Chicago, Burlington and Quincy R. R. Co. v. Chicago, 166 U. S., 226; Forsyth v. Hammond, 166 U. S., 506; Oxley Stave Company v. Butler County, 166 U. S., 648; In re Lennon, 166 U. S., 548; City Railway Co. v. Citizens' Street R. R. Co., 166 U. S., 557; Douglas v. Kentucky, 168 U. S., 488; Miller v. Cornwall R. R. Co., 168 U. S., 131; Baker v.