§ 1891. Authorization to make grants. The head of each agency of the Federal Government, authorized to enter into contracts for basic scientific research at nonprofit institutions of higher education, or at nonprofit organizations whose primary purpose is the conduct of scientific research, is authorized, where it is deemed to be in furtherance of the objectives of the agency, to make grants to such institutions or organizations for the support of such basic scientific research. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 1, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.) SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1893 of this title; title 7 section 1623a. § 1892. Same; title to equipment. Authority to make grants or contracts for the conduct of basic or applied scientific research at nonprofit institutions of higher education, or at nonprofit organizations whose primary purpose is the conduct of scientific research, shall include discretionary authority, where it is deemed to be in furtherance of the objectives of the agency, to vest in such institutions or organizations, without further obligation to the Government, or on such other terms and conditions as the agency deems appropriate, title to equipment purchased with such grant or contract funds. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 2, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.) SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 7 section 1623a. § 1893. Annual report to Congress; contents. Each agency or department of the Federal Government exercising authority granted by this chapter shall make an annual report on or before June 30th of each year to the appropriate committees of both Houses of Congress. Such report shall set forth therein, for the preceding year, the number of grants made pursuant to the authority provided in section 1891 of this title, the dollar amount of such grants, and the institutions in which title to equipment was vested pursuant to section 1892 of this title. (Pub. L. 85-934, § 3, Sept. 6, 1958, 72 Stat. 1793.) SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in title 7 section 1623a. § 1900. Interior Department programs. (a) Authorization for research contracts. The Secretary of the Interior is authorized to enter into contracts with educational institutions, public or private agencies or organizations, or persons for the conduct of scientific or technological research into any aspect of the problems related to the programs of the Department of the Interior which are authorized by statute. (b) Capabilities of prospective contractors; advice and assistance, coordination of research, lines of inquiry, and cooperation. The Secretary shall require a showing that the institutions, agencies, organizations, or persons with which he expects to enter into contracts pursuant to this section have the capability of doing effective work. He shall furnish such advice and assistance as he believes will best carry out the mission of the Department of the Interior, participate in coordinating all research initiated under this section, indicate the lines of inquiry which seem to him most important, and encourage and assist in the establishment and maintenance of cooperation by and between the institutions, agencies, organizations, or persons and between them and other research organizations, the United States Department of the Interior, and other Federal agencies. (c) Research reports or publications. The Secretary may from time to time disseminate in the form of reports or publications to public or private agencies or organizations, or individuals such information as he deems desirable on the research carried out pursuant to this section. (d) Limitation; submission to Congress. No contract involving more than $25,000 shall be executed under subsection (a) of this section prior to thirty calendar days from the date the same is submitted to the President of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives and said thirty calendar days shall not include days on which either the Senate or the House of Representatives is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three calendar days to a day certain or an adjournment sine die. (Pub. L. 89-672, § 1, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 951.) § 1900a. Rules and regulations. The Secretary shall prescribe such rules and regulations as he deems necessary to carry out the provisions of this chapter. (Pub. L. 89-672, § 2, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 951.) § 1900b. Amendment, modification, or repeal of authorizations for execution of contracts for research. Nothing contained in this chapter is intended to amend, modify, or repeal any provisions of law administered by the Secretary of the Interior which authorize the making of contracts for research. (Pub. L. 89-672, § 3, Oct. 15, 1966, 80 Stat. 951.) Chapter 17.-FEDERAL EMPLOYMENT SERVICE SS 1901 to 1918. Transferred. CODIFICATION Sections have been transferred to sections 49 to 49h, 49j, 49k, 49m, and 49n of Title 29, Labor, as follows: Section 1901 is now section 49. Section 1902 is now section 49a. Section 1910 is now section 491. Section 1913 was section 49c-2 and was omitted. Sec. Chapter 18.-YOUTH MEDALS 1921. Establishment of medals for bravery; rules and regulations; conditions governing awards. 1922. Establishment of medals for character and service; condition governing awards. 1923. Names of medals; presentation. 1924. Certificate of commendation accompanying awards; limitation on number of yearly awards. 1925. Report to Congress. 1926. Appropriations. § 1921. Establishment of medals for bravery; rules and regulations; conditions governing awards. The Department of Justice be, and it is, authorized and directed to promulgate rules and regulations establishing a medal; the method of selecting such recipient thereof so that an award shall be made to any child residing in the United States, who is eighteen years old or under, who has exhibited exceptional courage, extraordinary decision, presence of mind, and unusual swiftness of action, regardless of his or her own personal safety, in an effort to save or successfully saving the life or lives of any person or persons whose life or lives were in actual imminent danger. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 1, 64 Stat. 397.) SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1923 of this title. § 1922. Establishment of medals for character and service; condition governing awards. The Department of Justice shall also honor by an appropriate medal such American boy or girl citizens, eighteen years old or under, who, in the opinion of the said Department of Justice, shall have achieved outstanding or unusual recognition for character and service during any given year. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 2, 64 Stat. 397.) SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in section 1923 of this title. § 1923. Names of medals; presentation. The medal to be awarded for bravery or valor as defined in section 1921 of this title shall be known as the Young American Medal for Bravery, while the medal for outstanding character and service as defined in section 1922 of this title shall be known as the Young American Medal for Service, and such medals shall be presented personally by the President of the United States for and on behalf, and in the name of the President and the Congress of the United States of America. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 3, 64 Stat. 398.) § 1924. Certificate of commendation accompanying awards; limitation on number of yearly awards. Accompanying such medals designated in this chapter there shall be an appropriate certificate of commendation presented to the recipient or recipients stating (a) the circumstances under which the act of bravery was performed, and (b) citing the outstanding recognition for character and service: Provided, That there shall not be awarded in any one calendar year in excess of four such medals, to wit, two for bravery and two for character and service, as herein authorized. (Aug. 3, 1950, ch. 520, § 4, 64 Stat. 398.) 1951. Congressional policy on conversion of sea and saline waters; definitions. 1952. Duties of Secretary of Interior. (a) Research and studies for development of processes and methods for converting saline water. (b) Research and technical development work to develop processes and plant designs; reports to Congress; treatment of test beds. (c) Recommendation to Congress for prototype plant. (d) Methods for recovery and marketing of byproducts. (e) Economic studies and surveys on water production costs. 1953. Powers of the Secretary of Interior. 1954. Coordination or joint conduct of activities with Department of Defense; cooperation with other Federal agencies; availability to public of resulting information and developments. 1955. Disposal of water and byproducts; disposition of monies; alteration of existing law. 1956. Reports. 1957. Rules and regulations. 1958. Authorization of appropriations. 1958a. Demonstration plants for production of consumptive water from saline water. (a) Number and purpose of plants; selection of process; reports to Congress. (b) Construction of plants; conditions. (c) Definition of "demonstration plant". 1958b. Same; contracts for construction, operation and maintenance; operation, maintenance and engineering records; access by public to records and plants. 1958c. Same; acceptance of assistance from State or public agencies; contracts for assistance; availability of contributed funds; return of unexpended funds. 1958d. Same; termination of authority; disposal of plants; return of share of proceeds to contributors. 1958e. Same; powers of Secretary; administration. Sec. 1958f. Same; contracts for construction, materials, supplies and services; periods; liability of United States; availability of unobligated appropriations for administrative and technical services. 1958g. Same; authorization of appropriations. § 1951. Congressional policy on conversion of sea and saline waters; definitions. In view of the increasing shortage of usable surface and ground water in many parts of the Nation and the importance of finding new sources of supply to meet its present and future water needs, it is the policy of the Congress to provide for the development of practicable low-cost means for the largescale production of water of a quality suitable for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and other beneficial consumptive uses from saline water, and for studies and research related thereto. As used in sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, the term "saline water" includes sea water, brackish water, and other mineralized or chemically charged water, and the term "United States" extends to and includes the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, and the territories and possessions of the United States. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 1, 66 Stat. 328; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 628.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 stated the Congressional policy to provide for studies and research related to water conversion, and included the definitions of "saline water" and "United States." SHORT TITLE Section 9 of act July 3, 1952, ch. 568, as added June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90-30, § 1(e), 81 Stat. 78, provided that: "This Act [enacting this section and sections 1952-1958 of this title] may be cited as the 'Saline Water Conversion Act'." SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1952. Duties of the Secretary of Interior. In order to accomplish the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, the Secretary of the Interior shall Research and studies for development of processes and methods for converting saline water. (a) conduct, encourage, and promote fundamental scientific research and basic studies to develop the best and most economical processes and methods for converting saline water into water suitable for beneficial consumptive purposes; Research and technical development work to develop processes and plant designs; reports to Congress; treatment of test beds. (b) conduct engineering research and technical development work to determine, by laboratory, test bed, module, component, and pilot plant testing, the results of the research and studies aforesaid in order to develop processes and plant designs to the point where they can be demonstrated on a large and practical scale: Provided, That a detailed report concerning any test bed plant, module, or component costing in excess of $1,000,000 shall be submitted to the respective Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs of the Senate and the House of Representatives: Provided further, That the five demonstration plants 47-500 0-71-vol. 948 authorized by sections 1958a to 1958g of this title, shall hereafter be regarded as test beds subject to the provisions of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, but the provisions of sections 1958c and 1958f of this title and those provisions of section 1958d of this title relating to the method of disposal and disposition of the proceeds of sale shall continue to be applicable to them; Recommendation to Congress for prototype plant. (c) recommend to the Congress from time to time authorization for construction and operation, or for participation in the construction and operation, of a prototype plant for any process which he determines, on the basis of subsections (a) and (b) above, has great promise of accomplishing the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, such recommendation to be accompanied by a report on the size, location, and cost of the proposed plant and the engineering and economic details with respect thereto; Methods for recovery and marketing of byproducts. (d) study methods for the recovery and marketing of commercially valuable byproducts resulting from the conversion of saline water; and Economic studies and surveys on water production costs. (e) undertake economic studies and surveys to determine present and prospective costs of producing water for beneficial consumptive purposes in various parts of the United States by the leading saline water processes as compared with other standard methods. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 2, 66 Stat. 328; June 29, 1955, ch. 227, § 1(1), 69 Stat. 198; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 628; Aug. 11, 1965, Pub. L. 89118, § 1(1), 79 Stat. 509; June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90-30, § 1(b), (d), 81 Stat. 78.) AMENDMENTS 1967-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 90-30, § 1(b), (c), inserted "test bed," following "laboratory," and added the provisions requiring the submission of reports to both the Senate and House Committees on Interior and Insular Affairs and requiring demonstration plants to be hereafter regarded as test beds subject to the provisions of sections 1951-1958 of this title. Subsec. (c). Pub. L. 90-30, § 1(d), substituted "prototype plant" for "demonstration plant". 1965-Subsec. (b). Pub. L. 89-118 inserted ", module, component," after "laboratory". 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 amended section generally, and among other changes, directed the Secretary to conduct research to develop processes and plant designs demonstrable on a large scale, to recommend authorization for construction and operation, or for participation in the same, of a demonstration plant for any process with great promise, and to undertake studies and surveys on present and prospective costs, in various parts of the United States, of leading saline water processes as compared with other methods. Prior provisions of this section which related to research grants and contracts, use of facilities of existing scientific laboratories, acquisition of patents, licenses, lands, plant facilities and other property rights, the employment of specialists, and cooperation with other agencies, are now covered by section 1953 of this title. 1955-Subsec. (a). Act June 29, 1955, permitted use of facilities of existing Federal scientific laboratories. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1953. Powers of the Secretary of Interior. In carrying out his functions under section 1952 of this title, the Secretary may— (a) acquire the services of chemists, physicists, engineers, and other personnel by contract or otherwise; (b) enter into contracts with educational institutions, scientific organizations, and industrial and engineering firms; (c) make research and training grants; (d) utilize the facilities of Federal scientific laboratories; (e) establish and operate necessary facilities and test sites at which to carry on the continuous research, testing, development, and programing necessary to effectuate the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title; (f) acquire secret processes, technical data, inventions, patent applications, patents, licenses, land and interests in land (including water rights), plants and facilities, and other property or rights by purchase, license, lease, or donation; (g) assemble and maintain pertinent and current scientific literature, both domestic and foreign, and issue bibliographical data with respect thereto; (h) cause on-site inspections to be made of promising projects, domestic and foreign, and, in the case of projects located in the United States, cooperate and participate in their development in instances in which the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title will be served thereby; (i) foster and participate in regional, national, and international conferences relating to saline water conversion; (j) coordinate, correlate, and publish information with a view to advancing the development of low-cost saline water conversion projects; and (k) cooperate with other Federal departments and agencies, with State and local departments. agencies, and instrumentalities, and with interested persons, firms, institutions, and organizations. (July 3, 1952, ch. 596, § 3, 66 Stat. 329; June 29, 1955, ch. 227, § 1(2), 69 Stat. 198; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 628.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 enumerated the powers of the Secretary in order to carry out his functions relating to research and development. Prior provisions of this section, which authorized cooperation with the Defense Department, Atomic Energy Commission, and the Civil Defense Administration, are now covered by section 1954 of this title. 1955-Act June 29, 1955, required cooperation with and by the Atomic Energy Commission and the Civil Defense Administration. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1952, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1954. Coordination or joint conduct of activities with Department of Defense; cooperation with other Federal agencies; availability to public of resulting information and developments. (a) Research and development activities undertaken by the Secretary shall be coordinated or conducted jointly with the Department of Defense to the end that developments under sections 1951 to 1958 of this title which are primarily of a civil nature will contribute to the defense of the Nation and that developments which are primarily of a military nature will, to the greatest practicable extent compatible with military and security requirements, be available to advance the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title and to strengthen the civil economy of the Nation. The fullest cooperation by and with Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Department of State, and other concerned agencies shall also be carried out in the interest of achieving the objectives of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title. (b) All research within the United States contracted for, sponsored, cosponsored, or authorized under authority of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, shall be provided for in such manner that all information, uses, products, processes, patents, and other developments resulting from such research developed by Government expenditure will (with such exceptions and limitations, if any, as the Secretary may find to be necessary in the interest of national defense) be available to the general public. This subsection shall not be so construed as to deprive the owner of any background patent relating thereto of such rights as he may have thereunder. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 5, 66 Stat. 329; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 629.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 amended section generally to require activities to be coordinated or conducted jointly with the Department of Defense, cooperation with the Atomic Energy Commission, the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, the Department of State, and other concerned agencies, and availability of all information, uses, products, processes, etc., resulting from research. Prior provision of this section, which related to the disposal of water and byproducts, are covered by section 1955 of this title. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1952, 1953, 1955, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1955. Disposal of water and byproducts; disposition of monies; alteration of existing law. (a) The Secretary may dispose of water and byproducts resulting from his operations under sections 1951 to 1958 of this title. All moneys received from dispositions under this section shall be paid into the Treasury as miscellaneous receipts. (b) Nothing in sections 1951 to 1958 of this title shall be construed to alter existing law with respect to the ownership and control of water. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 5, 66 Stat. 329; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 629.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 authorized the Secretary to dispose of water and byproducts, and stated that existing law shall not be construed to have been altered with respect to ownership and control of water. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1956, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1956. Reports. The Secretary shall make reports to the President and the Congress at the beginning of each regular session of the action taken or instituted by him under the provisions of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title and of prospective action during the ensuing year. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 6, 66 Stat. 329; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 629.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 directed the Secretary to report on prospective actions, and deleted the requirement that he include recommendations for further legislation. CROSS REFERENCES Virgin Islands Corporation's reports to Congress, see section 1407c (o) of Title 48, Territories and Insular Possessions. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1957, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1957. Rules and regulations. The Secretary of the Interior may issue rules and regulations to effectuate the purposes of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 7, 66 Stat. 329; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 629.) AMENDMENTS 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 reenacted section without change. SECTION REFERRED TO IN OTHER SECTIONS This section is referred to in sections 1951, 1952, 1953, 1954, 1955, 1956, 1958, 1958a, 1958e, 1958f of this title. § 1958. Authorization of appropriations. There are authorized to be appropriated such sums, to remain available until expended, as may be specified in annual appropriation authorization acts (a) to carry out the provisions of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title during the fiscal years 1962 to 1972, inclusive; (b) to finance, for not more than two years beyond the end of said period, such grants, contracts, cooperative agreements, and studies as may theretofore have been undertaken pursuant to sections 1951 to 1958 of this title; and (c) to finance, for not more than three years beyond the end of said period, such activities as are required to correlate, coordinate, and round out the results of studies and research undertaken pursuant to sections 1951 to 1958 of this title. Effective July 1, 1968, no new commitments shall be made under authority of sections 1951 to 1958 of this title for cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries which require the expenditure of funds appropriated pursuant to sections 1951 to 1958 of this title, but funds so appropriated shall be available to carry out commitments made before said date. (July 3, 1952, ch. 568, § 8, 66 Stat. 329; June 29, 1955, ch. 227, § 1(3), 69 Stat. 198; Sept. 22, 1961, Pub. L. 87-295, § 1, 75 Stat. 629; Aug. 11, 1965, Pub. L. 89-118, § 1(2), 79 Stat. 509; June 24, 1967, Pub. L. 90-30, § 1(a), 81 Stat. 78; Apr. 29, 1968, Pub. L. 90-297, § 1, 82 Stat. 110.) AMENDMENTS 1968-Pub. L. 90-297 substituted provisions setting out the 1962-1972 duration of the saline water conversion program and related activities, authorizing appropriations in whatever sums might be specified in annual appropriation authorizations, and setting July 1, 1968, as the deadline on new commitments for cooperation with public or private agencies in foreign countries requiring the expenditure of funds appropriated pursuant to sections 1951-1958 of this title for provisions setting an overall ceiling and remaining balance approach to appropriations, authorizing the Office of Saline Water to cooperate with and enter into contracts or agreements with public or private agencies in foreign countries, and placing a ceiling of $105,782,000, plus additional sums as the Congress might thereafter authorize or appropriate but not to exceed $169,218,000, to carry out the provisions of sections 1951-1958 of this title during fiscal year 1962-1972. 1967-Pub. L. 90-30 substituted "$105,782,000" and "$169,218,000" for "$90,000,000" and "$185,000,000" respectively. 1965-Pub. L. 89-118 increased the authorization for appropriations from $75,000,000 in all to $90,000,000, plus such additional sums as Congress may hereafter authorize and appropriate but not to exceed $185,000,000, and extended from 1967 to 1972 the period during which to carry out the provisions of sections 1951-1958 of this title. 1961-Pub. L. 87-295 increased the authorization to $75,000,000, substituted "1962 to 1967" for "1953 to 1963", required that expenditures in cooperation with foreign agencies be subject to the approval of the Secretary of State, eliminated the limitation restricting such expenditures to 10 per centum of the funds available yearly for research and development, and deleted provisions which limited expenditures for departmental expenses for the direction of the water program and for the correlation and coordination of information to $2,000,000, and for research and development in Federal laboratories to $2,500,000. 1955-Act June 29, 1955, increased the limit of funds authorized from $2,000,000 to $10,000,000; extended the period of the program through fiscal year 1963; authorized financing for not more than two years beyond the end of the program; provided an additional year for coorelating and coordinating the results of study and research; increased the limit of departmental expenses from $500,000 to $2,000,000, and limited expenditures for research and development in Federal Laboratories. APPROPRIATION AUTHORIZATION FOR FISCAL YEAR 1969 Section 2 of Pub. L. 90-297 provided that: "There is authorized to be appropriated to carry out the provisions of the Saline Water Conversion Act (66 Stat. 328), as amended (42 U.S.C. 1951 et seq.), during fiscal year 1969 the sum of $24,556,000 as follows: "(a) Research and development operating expenses, not more than $17,274,000; "(b) Design, construction, acquisition, modification, operation, and maintenance of saline water conversion test beds and test facilities, not more than $4,292,000; "(c) Design, construction, acquisition, modification, operation, and maintenance of saline waater conversion modules, not more than $1,175,000; and "(d) Administration and coordination, not more than $1,815,000: Provided, That expenditures and obligations under any of these items except the last may be increased by not more than ten per centum if such increase is accompanied by an equal decrease in expenditures and obligations under one or more of the other items, including the last." EXPENDITURE OF PREVIOUSLY APPROPRIATED FUNDS UNOBLIGATED ON JUNE 30, 1968 Section 3 of Pub. L. 90–297 provided that: “In addition to the sums authorized to be appropriated by this Act [amending this section and enacting material set out as a note under this section], the Secretary may utilize any funds previously appropriated for this program which are not obilgated on June 30, 1968, subject to the dollar limitations applicable to the fiscal year 1968 program." EXPENDITURE OF UNAPpropriated AND UNOBLIGATED FUNDS TO CARRY OUT PROGRAM FOR FISCAL YEAR 1968 Section 2 of Pub. L. 90-30 provided that: "Of the amount of $105,782,000 authorized to be appropriated by section 8 of the Saline Water Conversion Act [this section], the unappropriated balance of $23,282,000 may be appropriated and combined with $3,500,000 heretofore, appropriated but remaining unobligated at the end of fiscal year 1967, to carry out the program during the fiscal year 1968, as follows: "(1) Research and development operating expenses, not more than $18,532,000; |