as units of the Agricultural stabilization and conservation Committees. In each instance, these activities were counted as one unit. Although field offices are utilized to some extent by practically every department and agency of the Government, an attempt to list such breakdowns would mean unlimited detail and a chart outline which would be too large to serve any useful purpose. In the miscellaneous and functional category are included all operating, descriptive, or functional components, as well as field and overseas activities which do not conform to the accepted nomenclature designations included in this summary.

The total of 2,133 operating components to which personnel assignments were made as of January 1, 1954, consisting of the Executive Office of the President, 13 executive departments, and 48 independent agencies, reflect an increase of 16 over the 2,117 reported as of January 1, 1953. Of these, 180 were added in the executive departments, with decreases of 161 being reported in the independent agencies, and 3 in the Executive Office of the President.

In the first chart released by the committee as of January 1, 1947, operating components totaling 2,369 units were reported, or 236 more than on January 1, 1954. Many of these, however, included components which were not carried on subsequent charts and have not been incorporated in the present figure, since they did not conform to the committee's general policy of reporting only major operating units down to the equivalent of the division level. In the present chart some departments reported a more detailed organizational report than in the past, which prevented accurate comparisons as to the number and variation of operating units. The nomenclature summary is therefore submitted as a guide toward effecting more uniformity of reorganization and to indicate the trend of governmental operations rather than as a barometer of the growth or reduction of major components.

In line with the committee's program to bring about more uniformity in the organizational structure of the Federal Government, "agency" designations have been reduced to a total of 7 and units designated as "branches" to 11. Both of these categories, carried in past nomenclature summaries, have now been incorporated under miscellaneous and functional groups. In future reorganizations, if this program is strictly adhered to, the use of these titles for components of the Government, together with the continued use of "department" by some agencies such as the Veterans' Administration and the Coast Guard to designate internal operating units of an agency, will gradually be eliminated as major components, to conform to the chart formula.

TOTAL EMPLOYEES

At the end of calendar year 1953, the Federal Government had in an employment status a total of 2,375,869 persons, excluding the uniformed personnel of the Armed Forces. Of this total, 2,349,962 served in the executive branch; 21,899 in the legislative branch; and 4,008 in the judicial branch. Changes in legislative and judicial employment will be dealt with in a subsequent section.

The total of 2,349,962, reported by the executive branch, represented a decrease of 214,149 employees during the past calendar year. The total was 134,450 less than was reported in 1952, and 87,337 more

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than the high previous postwar total of 2,262,625, reported on January 1, 1947. It also exceeded the previous postwar low (prior to the Korean invasion), on January 1, 1950, by 388,933. These figures include all WAE (when actually employed) and part-time employees in a pay status as of January 1, 1954-94,936 in the executive departments and 20,884 in the independent agencies-totaling 115,820. Also included are 10,884 Ryukyuans employed by the Army and paid at rates calculated to maintain the economic stability of that area. Reports on these employees were not previously submitted until January 1, 1953, at which time the total stood at 14,119, or a reduction of 3,235 during the year.

Employees serving without compensation (WOC) are shown parenthetically on the chart opposite the totals for each department or agency, and are not included in the totals. There were 14,258 WOC's reported on January 1, 1947 (excluding those in the Veterans' Administration and the Selective Service System); 58,759 (including 36,783 in the Veterans' Administration) on January 1, 1953; and 20,242 on January 1, 1954. Also excluded from the 1954 totals were 41,957 uncompensated employees of the Selective Service System serving as local board members; advisers to registrants, etc.; 2,522 seamen employees by the Maritime Administration, Department of Commerce; 39,567 WOC employees of the Veterans' Administration; and employees of the Central Intelligence Agency, which information is classified for security reasons.

Executive departments

The executive departments reported a total of 2,029,593 employees, a decrease of 178,703 during the last calendar year. The creation of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, which replaced the Federal Security Agency, added 34,985 employees to the executive departments in 1953, and reduced the totals of the independent agencies correspondingly. Conversely, approximately 10,600 employees of the Department of State were transferred to the Foreign Operations Administration and to the United States Information Agency. During the 7-year period from 1947 to 1954, there was an overall increase of 239,327 employees within the executive departments, 183,844 of whom were in the military departments and 48,657 were in the Post Office Department. The Departments of the Treasury, Agriculture, Labor, and State reported decreases of 21,602, 12,766, 2,652, and 2,624, respectively, over that period.

The Department of Defense reported decreases during 1953 of 454, 26,222, 82,069, and 45,220 in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and in the Departments of the Air Force, Army, and Navy, in that order. Although the Post Office Department's report showed a decrease of 17,572 during 1953, this was due to the fact that an estimated 17,500 substitute rural carriers, who have been heretofore included as part-time or WAE employees, were omitted since no accurate determination could be made as to how many of these employees were actually in a pay status as of January 1, 1954. The Department of Commerce reported a decrease of 9,562 employees during the past calendar year, which still reflected an overall total increase of 3,928 during the 7-year period. This was due, in part, to the transfer of the Maritime Administration to the Department, and to the creation of the National Production Authority (abolished in 1953 and replaced

by the Business and Defense Services Administration), which now have 3,476 and 736 employees, respectively.

In this same category is the Department of State, which reported a decrease of 19,805 during the period from January 1, 1953, to January 1, 1954, largely the result of the transfer of employees to the newly created Foreign Operations Administration and the United States Information Agency. This resulted in a net overall decrease of 2,624 during the 7-year period. The Treasury Department reported a decrease of 6,956 employees during the past calendar year, and an overall decrease during the 7-year period of 21,602. The report from the Department of Agriculture included a slight increase of 153 during the past calendar year, but there has been a net overall reduction of 12,766 in that Department during the past 7 years. The Department of the Interior, with a decrease of 4,026 during the past year, had an overall employment increase of 2,057 since 1947. Neither of these latter figures reflects large seasonal employment of temporary personnel which occurs in the summer months. The Department of Justice reported a decrease of 699 in 1953, but there was an overall increase of 5,500 during the 7-year period, largely due to expansion of the Federal Bureau of Investigation field service in 1950 and 1951. The report from the Department of Labor reflects a decrease in personnel of 1,256 during the past calendar year, and 2,652 for the entire period reported. The Federal Security Agency reported a total of 36,231 employees on January 1, 1953, as compared to 34,985 in the new Department of Health, Education, and Welfare which succeeded it, or a reduction of 1,246 under the reorganization. Independent agencies

Reports from the independent agencies reflect a net decrease of 35,469 employees during the past calendar year, and an overall decrease of 152,143 during the period from January 1, 1947, to January 1, 1954. The totals were affected appreciably by the elevation of the Federal Security Agency to departmental status (34,985), and the transfer from the Department of State of personnel assigned to the newly created Foreign Operations Administration and the United States Information Agency. These latter agencies reported totals of 6,690 and 9,302 employees, respectively, as of January 1, 1954. The FOA also included 5,259 employees reported by the Mutual Security Agency on January 1, 1953, and 123 employees assigned to the Office of the Director of Mutual Security in the Executive Office of the President on that date, or 1,431 more than its predecessor, the MSA, reported on January 1, 1953. The remainder, and all employees of the USIA, were transferred to these latter two new agencies from the Department of State.

The largest long-range decrease was in the Veterans' Administration, which reported 45,003 less employees in 1953, than in 1947, with an increase of 5,827 in the last calendar year due to the expansion of its hospital inpatient program. The Panama Canal Company and the Reconstruction Finance Corporation reported decreases of 10,474 and 8,316, respectively, since January 1, 1947. The largest decreases reported during the past calendar year were 1,989 in the Panama Canal Company; 1,467 in the Housing and Home Finance Agency; 1,058 in the Reconstruction Finance Corporation; 1,332 in the General Services Administration; 746 in the Selective Service System; 744 in the Civil Service Commission; and 433 in the Atomic Energy Commission.

Since January 1, 1947, the Tennessee Valley Authority has increased its employees by 9,365, of which 1,870 were added during 1953. Other agencies reporting increases during the 7-year period include the National Advisory Committee on Aeronautics, 1,381; the Civil Service Commission, 1,017; the National Labor Relations Board, 520; and the American Battle Monuments Commission, 365. However, the first 3 of these agencies have effected decreases in personnel during the past year of 217, 744, and 165, respectively.

OVERSEAS EMPLOYEES

In conformity with a new feature of the report, adopted for calendar year 1952, each agency was requested to supply the committee with detailed information regarding the number of employees who were engaged in carrying on Federal activities in foreign countries, with an additional breakdown as to the number of American citizens as well as the number of nationals of other countries.

A recapitulation of the reports submitted to the committee shows that there were 187,345 employees of the executive branch of the Government engaged in overseas activities as of January 1, 1954, or 17,865 less than reported on January 1, 1953. Of the total reduction, 5,294 were American citizens, and 12,571 were nationals of other countries. Included in the total of 187,345 were 156,200 employed by the Federal departments-126,806 civilian employees in the Department of Defense; 14,396 in the Foreign Service of the Department of State; 5,902 in the Department of the Interior; 3,084 in the Department of Commerce; 2,349 in the Post Office Department; 1,492 in the Department of Agriculture; 999 in the Department of the Treasury; and a combined total of 1,172 in the Departments of Justice, Labor, and Health, Education, and Welfare.

Independent agencies, including Government corporations, reported 31,145 overseas employees. Those which employ a substantial number of persons in overseas areas include the Panama Canal Company with 16,411; the United States Information Agency with 7,257; the Foreign Operations Administration with 5,262; Veterans' Administration with 1,220; and the American Battle Monuments Commission with 437. The other independent agencies reported a combined total of 558 overseas personnel. A complete list of all overseas assignments is included by department and agency in the totals summary printed on the chart.

Of the total number of 187,345 overseas employees, reported by all departments and agencies, 83,818 are American citizens, and 103,527 are nationals of other countries; the departments reported 156,200, of which 75,572 were American citizens and 80,628 foreign nationals; and the agencies reported 31,145, of which 8,246 were American citizens and 22,899 natiorals of other countries. Where both types of employees are involved, the number of American citizens and foreign nationals employed by each agency is usually indicated by footnotes or in the chart breakdown.

EMPLOYEE INCREASES OR DECREASES IN EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS

The chart shows a net decrease of 178,703 employees in the executive departments during the last calendar year. Counting this reduction,

the current totals of 2,029,593 represent an overall total increase of 239,327 during the 7-year period since January 1, 1947.

As set forth in the preceding section on "Total Employees", appreciable decreases during 1953 were reported by the Departments of Defense, 153,965; State, 19,805; Post Office, 17,572; Treasury, 6,956; and Interior, 4,026.

The total reported on January 1, 1954, included 94,936 part-time and WAE employees, assigned as follows: 107 in the Executive Office of the President, 71,344 in the Post Office Department, 12,334 in Agriculture, 5,283 in Commerce, 2,123 in Defense, 1,938 in Interior, 671 in Treasury, 135 in State, 235 in Labor, 232 in Justice, and 534 in Health, Education, and Welfare.

Detailed information relative to the major changes in personnel assignments which occurred between January 1, 1953, and January 1, 1954, and the primary factors involved in each department, follow: Executive Office of the President.-A net increase of 23 employees was reported by the Executive Office of the President during the past year. The Bureau of the Budget reduced its previous total by 42 employees, but the Office of Defense Mobilization reported an increase of 246. This was due to increased authority and functions vested in ODM by Reorganization Plan No. 3 of 1953. This latter increase was offset somewhat by the fact that the Office of the Director of Mutual Security to which 123 persons were assigned on January 1, 1953, was transferred from the Executive Office of the President to the Foreign Operations Administration.

Department of State.-The Department of State reported a decrease of 19,805 employees, from a total of 39,885 as of January 1, 1953, to 20,080 on January 1, 1954. This reduction resulted largely from the transfer of approximately 1,300 employees to the Foreign Operations Administration and 9,300 to the United States Information Agency under Reorganization Plans Nos. 7 and 8 of 1953, and, to some extent, from decreases in personnel assigned to regular State Department functions through reductions-in-force and by not filling jobs which became vacant. It was also reported that workloads of the Foreign Service in the passport and visa fields have been increasing in recent years, and that this increase is expected to continue, but that the heavier volumes of today are being handled by fewer personnel.

Department of Defense.-The Department reports that, concurrently with realinements of functions and responsibilities, a reduction of 454 civilian employees has been accomplished in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, and that, as more experience is gained with the new organization (set forth in the section of this report dealing with organization changes effected during 1953), it may be possible to achieve further reductions in staff.

In addition to the net reduction of 454 employees in the Office of the Secretary of Defense, the other Departments of Defense reported total reductions of 153,511 civilian employees during 1953, as follows: Department of the Air Force.-The Department reports that at the beginning of calendar year 1953, overall civilian employment stood at 315,122. By the end of the year this figure had been reduced to 288,900.

In the early part of February, all Air Force commands were directed to establish their January 31 civilian actual employment as a temporary ceiling. This was an interim measure directed by OSD until