as practicable following the enactment of this Act, to submit to the said judges a panel of not less than twenty-seven nominees for consideration as initial appointees to the Board and to thereafter submit to the judges, in connection with any vacancy on the Board, a panel of not less than three nominees for consideration by such judges in filling that vacancy.

(c) The Commissioners of the District of Columbia and the Board of Education may furnish to the Board of Higher Education, upon request of such Board, such space and facilities in public buildings of the government of the District of Columbia, records, information, services, personnel, offices, and equipment as the Commissioners and the Board of Education determine are available to enable the Board of Higher Education properly to perform its functions.

SEC. 4. (a) The Board of Higher Education shall, at such time as may be mutually agreed upon by the Board and the Board of Education, merge the District of Columbia Teachers' College (established pursuant to the Act of February 25, 1929 (45 Stat. 1276; D.C. Code, sec. 31-118)) into the public college of arts and sicences. At the time of such merger, all personnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds available to, or to be made available to, such Teachers' College shall be transferred to, and shall be under the control of, the Board of Higher Education.

(b) Notwithstanding any other provision of this Act, the laboratory schools in the District of Columbia shall remain under the control and management of, and the employees assigned to such schools shall remain subject to the supervision of, the Board of Education.

SEC. 5. (a) The Board of Higher Education is hereby vested with the following powers:

(1) To prepare plans for the establishment of a public college of arts and sciences (including the selection of a site), and, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, to establish, organize, and administer such college;

(2) To prepare plans for the establishment of a public community college (including the selection of a site), and, subject to the provisions of subsection (b) of this section, to establish, organize, and administer such college; (3) To fix, from time to time, tuition and fees to be paid by residents and nonresidents attending any such college, which tuition and fees shall be deposited to the credit of the general revenues of the District of Columbia. Tuition and fees charged nonresidents shall be fixed in such amounts as will, to the extent feasible, approximate the cost to the District of Columbia of the services for which such charges are imposed;

(4) To appoint, for a term of four years, a president for the public college of arts and sciences and a president for the public community college; (5) To appoint, promote, demote, transfer, suspend, or dismiss such administrative, educational, or noneducational employees of any college established pursuant to this Act as the president thereof may recommend in writing;

(6) To accredit junior colleges operating in the District of Columbia; (7) To award appropriate degree and certificates of completion of courses of study in the colleges established pursuant to this Act; and

(8) To make such rules and regulations as the Board deems necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(b) No action shall be taken with respect to the actual establishment of any college authorized under this Act prior to the expiration of ninety calendar days (which ninety days shall not include days on which either the Senate or the House of Representatives is not in session because of an adjournment of more than three calendar days to a day certain) after the plans for such college have been submitted to the Congress.

(c) The Board of Higher Education shall annually on the first day of October transmit to the Commissioners of the District of Columbia an estimate in detail of the amount of money required for the colleges established pursuant to this Act for the ensuing year, and the Commissioners shall transmit the same in their annual estimate of appropriations for the District of Columbia, with such recommendations as they may deem proper.

SEC. 6. All obligations and disbursements for the purposes of this Act shall be incurred, made, and accounted for in the same manner as other obligations and disbursements for the District of Columbia.

SEC. 7. (a) Subchapter 1 of chapter 18 of the Act of March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1280), as amended (D.C. Code, sec. 29-401-29-419), is amended (1) by striking

out "Board of Education" wherever it appears in such subchapter and by inserting in lieu thereof "Board of Higher Education", and (2) by adding at the end thereof the following new section:

"SEC. 586g. As used in this subchapter, the term 'Board of Higher Education' means the Board of Higher Education established pursuant to the District of Columbia Public Higher Education Act."

(b) Nothing contained in the amendment made by this section shall be construed as affecting the validity of any license issued by the Board of Education prior to the date of the enactment of this Act.

[S. 1612, 89th Cong., 1st sess.]

A BILL To establish a Board of Higher Education to plan, establish, organize, and operate a public community college and a public college of arts and sciences in the District of Columbia, and for other purposes

Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That this Act may be cited as the "District of Columbia Public Higher Education Act of 1965".

SEC. 2. As used in this Act

(a) The term "Commissioners" means the Commissioners of the District of Columbia sitting as a board or their authorized agents.

(b) The terms "Board of Higher Education" and "Board" mean the Board of Higher Education established by section 3 of this Act.

(c) The term "Board of Education" means the Board of Education of the District of Columbia established by the Act approved June 20, 1906 (34 Stat. 316), as amended (D.C. Code, 1961 ed., sec. 31-101 et seq.).

SEC. 3. (a) There is hereby established as an agency of the District of Columbia, a Board of Higher Education, hereafter referred to as the Board.

(b) The Board shall consist of not less than nine nor more than fifteen members, as the Commissioners shall from time to time determine, who may be employees of the United States or the District of Columbia. The Board shall be appointed by the Commissioners after consideration of nominees submitted in accordance with subsection (e), and a majority of whom shall have been for three years immediately preceding their appointment or designation bona fide residents of the District of Columbia. The Commissioners shall designate one of the members as Chairman.

(c) The terms of the members of the Board shall be of such uniform length as the Commissioners may determine except that the terms of the initial members may be varied to provide such pattern of staggered terms as the Commissioners may determine. Any member appointed to fill a vacancy occurring prior to the expiration of the term for which his predecessor was appointed shall be appointed for the remainder of that term.

(d) The Commissioners shall have the power to remove any member of the Board at any time for adequate cause, which relates to his character or to his efficiency as a member, after notice and opportunity for hearing.

(e) The Commissioners shall establish a nominating committee, consisting of such number of members serving for such terms as the Commissioners shall from time to time determine, which shall submit for the Commissioners' consideration in making appointments under subsection (b) at least three nominees for each vacancy which may exist on the Board. A majority of the members of such committee shall have been for three years immediately preceding their appointment bona fide residents of the District of Columbia.

(f) The members of the Board shall serve without compensation, but may be reimbursed for their travel expenses, including per diem in lieu of subsistence, as authorized by law (5 U.S.C. 73b-2) for persons serving the Government without compensation.

(g) The members of the Board shall not be personally liable in damages for any official action of the Board in which such members participate, nor shall they be liable for any costs that may be taxed against them or the Board on account of any such official action by them as members of the Board, but such costs shall be charged to the District of Columbia and paid as other costs are paid in suits against the municipality; nor shall the Board or any of its members be required to give any bond or security for costs or damages on any appeal whatever.

SEC. 4. The Board is hereby vested with the following powers and duties: (a) To develop detailed plans for and to establish, organize, and operate in the District of Columbia

(1) a public college which will provide a program in the liberal arts and sciences, including, but not limited to courses in teacher education, leading to a bachelor's degree, and such additional program of study as may lead to a master's degree, and courses on an individual, noncredit basis for those desiring to further their education without seeking a degree.

(2) a public community college which will provide programs generally extending not more than two years beyond the high school level including, but not limited to (a) programs leading to a degree of associate in the arts or for full credit toward a bachelors degree, (b) programs designed to prepare students to work as technicians and at a semiprofessional level in engineering, scientific, health-related and other technological fields, and (c) programs designed for individuals desiring to further their education without seeking a degree.

(b) To establish policies, standards, and requirements governing admission, programs, graduation (including the award of degrees) and general administration of the colleges.

(c) To employ and compensate without regard to the Civil Service Act or the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, a president and other officers for each of the colleges established pursuant to this Act and such educational employees for such colleges as the presidents thereof may recommend in writing: Provided, That subject to the approval of the Commissioners, the compensation schedules for these officers and employees shall be fixed and adjusted from time to time consistent with the public interest and in accordance with rates for comparable types of positions in like institutions of higher education. The Board, upon the recommendation of the presidents of the colleges, shall establish, with the approval of the Commissioners and without regard to the provisions of any other law, retirement and leave systems for such employees which shall be comparable to such systems in like institutions of higher education.

(d) To employ and compensate in accordance with the civil service laws and the Classification Act of 1949, as amended, noneducational employees of the Board and of the colleges established pursuant to this Act.

(e) To establish and determine, from time to time, with the approval of the Commissioners:

(1) fees to be paid by students (including charges for room and board, and receipts from such fees shall be deposited into a revolving fund in a private depository in the District, which fund shall be available without fiscal year limitation for such purposes as the Board of Higher Education of the District shall approve, and the Board of Higher Education is authorized, with the approval of the Commissioners, to make necessary rules respecting deposits into and withdrawals from such fund; and

(2) tuition rates (a) for residents and (b) for nonresidents, and receipts from tuition shall be deposited to the credit of the General Fund of the District of Columbia.

(f) To transmit annually to the Commissioners estimates of the appropriation required for the colleges established pursuant to this Act for the ensuing year.

(g) Subject to the approval of the Commissioners, to accept services and moneys, including gifts or endowments, from any source whatsoever, for use in carrying out the purposes of the Act. Such moneys shall be deposited in the Treasury of the United States to the credit of a trust fund account which is hereby authorized and may be invested and reinvested as trust funds of the District of Columbia. The disbursement of the moneys from such trust funds shall be in such amounts, to such extent, and in such manner as the Board of Higher Education, in its judgment, may determine necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

(h) To submit to the Commissioners recommendations relating to legislation affecting the administration and programs of such colleges.

(i) To make such rules and regulations as may be necessary and to carry out such other activities as may be required to achieve the purposes of this Act. (j) To assume control of the District of Columbia Teachers College established pursuant to the Act approved February 25, 1929 (45 Stat. 1276; D.C. Code, sec. 31-118) from the Board of Education at such time as may be mutually agreed upon by such Boards and approved by the Commissioners. At such time per

sonnel, property, records, and unexpended balances of appropriations, allocations, and other funds available or to be made available for such Teachers College are authorized to be transferred and be under the control of such Board of Higher Education: Provided, That the laboratory school shall remain under the control and management, and the employees assigned to such schools shall remain subject to the supervision of, the Board of Education.

SEC. 5. The Commissioners and the Board of Education shall furnish to the Board, upon request of such Board, such space and facilities in private buildings or in public buildings of the government of the District of Columbia, records, information, services, personnel, offices, and equipment as may be available and which are necessary to enable the Board properly to perform its functions under this Act.

SEC. 6. All obligations and disbursements for the purpose of the Act shall be incurred, made, and accounted for in the same manner as other obligations and disbursements for the District of Columbia and, except as provided in section 4(g) of this Act, under the direction and control of the Commissioners.

SEC. 7. (a) Subchapter 1 of chapter 18 of the Act of March 3, 1901 (31 Stat. 1280), as amended (D.C. Code, secs. 29-401-29-419), relating to establishment of institutions of learning in the District of Columbia, is amended by striking out "Board of Education" wherever it appears in such subchapter and by inserting in lieu thereof "Board of Higher Education".

(b) Nothing contained in the amendment made by this section shall be construed as affecting the validity of any license issued by the Board of Education prior to the date of the enactment of this Act.

(c) The Act of July 2, 1940 (54 Stat. 729), relating to accreditation of junior colleges in the District of Columbia, is amended by striking out "Board of Education" wherever it appears in such Act and inserting in lieu thereof "Board of Higher Education".

SEC. 8. There are hereby authorized to be appropriated from the revenues of the District of Columbia such sums as are necessary to carry out the purposes of this Act.

[From the Congressional Record, Aug. 5, 1964]

PUBLIC COMMUNITY COLLEGE AND PUBLIC COLLEGE OF ARTS AND SCIENCES IN THE DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA

Mr. MORSE. Mr. President, I introduce, for appropriate reference, a bill to establish a public community junior college and a 4-year college for the District of Columbia. The bill carries out many of the basic recommendations contained in the report to the President on public higher education in the District of Columbia.

The educational needs of any nation are, to a considerable extent, determined by the nature of its society. Thus, in this Nation, education has become more important as our economy expanded from a predominantly agricultural base to become the world's leading industrial power. An elementary and secondary education is no longer sufficient to prepare a large portion of our citizens for success in our complex economy and for effective participation in our present social and political systems.

The educational needs of citizens have been growing steadily throughout this Nation's history. For many years, an abbreviated grammer school education was considered adequate for the needs of most people. However, ours was a relatively unscientific agricultural economy during our early history, and this level of education was generally considered adequate.

During the first decades of the 20th century, an eighth-grade education was considered sufficient for most people. As late as 1940, less than 40 percent of the Nation's employees had attended high school, and only 10 percent had attended college. However, over half of the jobs available to people in 1940 were in unskilled or semiskilled occupations, and only 14 percent were professional or managerial.

By 1960, the percent of unskilled or semiskilled jobs had declined to less than 40 percent, while the number of professional and managerial positions had increased to 22 percent. This trend is expected to continue in the future. In addition, there is a rapidly expanding need for highly skilled, technically qualified personnel. By 1976, when the present class of first-grade students graduate from high school, it is predicted that over 60 percent of all employment opportunities will be in the professional, managerial, or skilled-technical occupations.

It is imperative that young people be given ample opportunity to prepare for these conditions of employment. Such reparation will certainly require full opportunity for education beyond the high school level.

It is important that people be prepared to meet the needs of their employers. It is equally important to employers to be able to hire well-trained employees. Reports are numerous of the difficulties encountered by employers in finding skilled, well-educated people, particularly in the technical areas. The semiprofessional fields, such as nursing, medical technology, engineering technology, and executive secretarial positions, offer increasing opportunities for employment.

As a result of the demand for more highly qualified personnel, many people are returning to school during evening and weekends to improve their competence. Adult education and industrial education programs are expanding rapidly. These trends also emphasize the need for educational opportunities beyond high school.

Future employment opportunities will change rapidly because of inventions and progress made in automating industrial, clerical, and even managerial processes. As a result of the rapid pace of automation many persons can expect to change their occupations one or more times during their lifetimes.

Of equal significance in the long-term employment picture is the rapid expansion and application of knowledge. New procedures and techniques will be introduced at a rapid rate, and again there will be a great need for people who can learn the new procedures and qualify for these new types of employment.

Adaptability will be a most important requirement of future employees. For many people and many jobs, a high school education will not provide an adequate basis for rapid, effective retraining.

As my colleagues know, the need to provide publicly supported institutions of higher learning has long been recognized as necessary for the provision of adequate and equal educational opportunity. Every State in the United States has established a system of higher education which provides at nominal cost higher education to its residents. This principle is fundamental to the American heritage and dates back to the establishment of land grants to colleges in our States. The citizens of the District of Columbia are the sole exceptions; they do not have access to this national pattern of public junior colleges or 4-year colleges, other than the limited teacher training opportunities offered by the District of Columbia Teachers College, which because of obsolete physical facilities is woefully inadequate to meet the need. The following figures illustrate this inadequacy quite well.

In 1961-62 there were 863 applications received from freshmen students: 288 were accepted for admission; and 233 of these applicants actually registered at the school. For the years 1962-63, there were 778 applications received from freshmen: 260 of those were accepted; and 227 of the applicants actually registered. In the school year 1963-64, 560 freshmen submitted applications: 176 of the applications were accepted, and 157 of the applicants actually registered. At the present time, the District of Columbia finds itself primarily dependent for higher educational opportunities upon the area colleges and universities— most of which are private institutions—and thus imposing a burden of educational expenses upon the District of Columbia residents which for the average family is impossible. Further, institutions of these States are increasingly reluctant to provide opportunities for the citizens of other States and those who are accepted as nonresident students pay more than resident students. The private colleges and universities within the District of Columbia are not primarily responsible for the people of this city and they have objectives, I believe, that are quite different from those of the publicly supported college.

As a matter of principle, the District of Columbia should not have to depend upon others to provide for its educational needs and responsibilities. As a practical matter the growing resistance of States to receive out-of-State students and the increasing tuition of the private colleges and universities clearly indicate that this city must provide for its own educational needs.

Mr. President, in my judgment, two types of educational institutions are required in the District of Columbia. These institutions are a community junior college and a 4-year college of liberal arts and sciences. These should be complementary institutions, each providing different but equally essential educational opportunities. The bill which I have just introduced will provide for both types of educational institutions.

The proposed community junior college should, in my judgment, be a multipurpose institution which will provide (a) comprehensive college transfer pro