Shades of Green: Business, Regulation, and EnvironmentStanford University Press, 2003 - 210 pages How much does regulation matter in shaping corporate behavior? This pathbreaking, in-depth study of fourteen pulp manufacturing mills in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand reveals that steadily tightening regulatory standards have been crucial for raising environmental performance. But while all firms have shown improvement, some have improved more than others, many going substantially beyond compliance. What explains the variation in compliance? It's not necessarily the differences in regulation in each country. Rather, variation is accounted for by the complex interaction between tightening regulations and a social license to operate (especially pressures from community and environmental activists), economic constraints, and differences in corporate environmental management style. Shades of Green provides the most extensive and systematic empirical study to date of why firms achieve the levels of environmental performance that they do. |
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achieve analysis AOX emissions attitudes average BC2corp beyond-compliance measures bleaching bleaching chemicals BOD and TSS British Columbia chlorine dioxide chlorine-free Committed Compliers compliance concerns corporate environmental performance correlation costs demands dioxin discharges economic license effluent enforcement envi environ environmental activists environmental management style Environmental Management Systems Environmental Regulation Environmental Strategists example facilities firm's firms green Greenpeace impact innovative investments Kagan laggards license to operate ment mental management mill managers mill-level mill's nomic odor oxygen delignification paper industry percent permit limits production profit pulp and paper pulp mills pulp prices reduce regulatory license regulatory permits regulatory regimes regulatory requirements relationship Reluctant Complier reported response ronmental performance sample significant social license pressures standards strategy substantial tion Toxic Release Inventory True Believers U.S. EPA U.S. mills United vironmental WA4 managers Washington wastewater win-win