Shades of Green: Business, Regulation, and EnvironmentHow much does regulation matter in shaping corporate behavior? This pathbreaking, in-depth study of fourteen pulp manufacturing mills in the United States, Canada, Australia, and New Zealand reveals that steadily tightening regulatory standards have been crucial for raising environmental performance. But while all firms have shown improvement, some have improved more than others, many going substantially beyond compliance. What explains the variation in compliance? It's not necessarily the differences in regulation in each country. Rather, variation is accounted for by the complex interaction between tightening regulations and a social license to operate (especially pressures from community and environmental activists), economic constraints, and differences in corporate environmental management style. Shades of Green provides the most extensive and systematic empirical study to date of why firms achieve the levels of environmental performance that they do. |
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able achieve actions activists adopted analysis approach attitudes average better bleaching British Chapter chemicals chlorine closely Committed companies compared compliance Compliers concerns considerable corporate environmental correlation costs customers demands develop dioxin discharges economic license effects effluent emissions enforcement environ environmental management style environmental performance Environmental Strategists example explain external facilities factors findings firm's firms green groups impact important improved industry investments issues jurisdictions laggards least less limits lower major measures meet mental noted officials operate organic particular percent period permit pollution pressures production profit pulp and paper pulp mills reduce regulation regulatory license relations relationship relative Reluctant reported reputation requirements response result ronmental sample significant social license spills standards substantial suggests tion treatment True Believers types United win-win