*No saloon in town, but beer wagon is regular.

† Priest practically controls town.

Saloon laws enforced; no liquor sold to minors or on Sunday, but many buy a barrel of beer to last over Sunday (the boarders club together). For three years the Presbyterian minister has been trying to organize the ministers but so far without result.

TABLE IV-Continued

Amusements
One saloon. Social life among the
Americans as in any small town.
Card playing, drinking, christenings,
weddings. One fairly good theater;
two good moving-picture shows.
Long walks; no saloons but bring beer
from South Fork. Theater at South
Fork.

Go to Punxsutawney. Beer wagon.
Play cards; drinking parties at weddings
and christenings. Go to Sykesville
to moving-picture show or to park
near there.

Occasional sociables among Americans.
No saloons but beer wagon. Go
to Indiana.

Drinking at weddings and christenings
and over Sunday.* One moving-
picture show; two dance halls.
Beer wagon.

Anita.

Go to Punxsutawney or

Beer wagon. Go to Greensburg.
Social life as in any American town.

One theater, two nicolodeons, two
roller-skating rinks; dances, but no
liquor sold. Well-conducted park

with usual attractions.

*Fayette City is a prohibition town but liquor is sold in great quantities; three large drinking clubs; officials in league with them; druggists sell liquor openly.

* Foreigners patronize these more than they do the theaters.

Church Undertakings

TABLE IV-Continued

Place

Amusements

Social life somewhat lower than in
usual American town. Girls on
streets a good deal in the evening.*
Few dances; cards; people from small
mining towns nearby come in to mov-
ing-picture shows and saloons.†
One fairly good theater; three mov-
ing-picture shows; two dance halls.
Moving pictures; one small dance hall;
two saloons; great amount of liquor
sold.

Drinking and card playing; one fair
theater, two good moving-picture
shows.

Great deal of dancing; one theater; go to Barnesboro.

Card playing, christenings, weddings,
one moving-picture show, one park
nearby.

Go to Spangler and Barnesboro.
Merry-go-round. One saloon.
Celebration of saints' days, weddings,
christenings; playing cards and
shooting; two fair dance halls, with
beer; one moving-picture show.
No saloon but beer wagon every day.
Dances, with liquor. One theater
(plays such that women are some-
times not admitted); one nicolodeon
(some of pictures indecent).

American girls marry as early as fourteen frequently.

† People work too hard for much social life.

Clubs or Centers for Women

Catholics have dances in basements of churches, also moving pictures and other entertainments.

Church Undertakings

Presbyterian: Sewing-society of 45 girls, 8-14 years (few foreigners).

Presbyterian: Kindergarten and industrial work under missionary.

Presbyterian: Sewing-class of 24
girls, 5-16 years. Also house-to-
house visiting to teach women
cooking, machine sewing, etc.

made to include amusements, clubs and classes for women and church undertakings of a definitely social, as distinct from a purely religious, character.14 The kindergarten has been considered in undertakings for women on account of its great importance to mothers. The public schools have not been mentioned as they are found in accordance with the law in every town.

SUMMARY

The situation may be summed up in this way: In the coal fields there are, roughly speaking, a million immigrants—men, women, and children-most of them of Slavic races, who have brought over to this country the manners and customs of a lower civilization than ours and who are living under conditions which tend to perpetuate their civilization instead of raising them to the level of ours. They live by themselves, not mingling with Americans and usually knowing them only as arrogant and unjust superiors. They live together so far as possible, they work together in gangs, they go to their own churches where they are preached to in their own tongue, they trade at stores where there are clerks of their own race. In spite of all this, the men do learn some English in the course of a few years, but many women never learn it at all. It is probably true that it is exceptional for a woman who is married to learn it. The children are more likely to acquire it, but when they go to the parochial schools, as most of them do, they get only a smattering. The immigrants have practically no opportunity to learn anything of our history and traditions or about our standards of living and morality.

In the better parts of the towns, quite apart from these immigrants, live the Americans and the immigrants of Anglo-Saxon and Celtic origin, holding the best positions and frequently scorning the Slavs. Socially they will have nothing to do with them; many of them have the strongest dislike, even contempt, for the Slavs. The proportions between these two classes, of course, varies considerably, but probably in towns of more than 6,000

"It is sometimes difficult to divide church work in this way without appearing to discriminate in favor of certain churches, and the fact that only one or two denominations are reported as doing special social work does not mean that the others are not doing valuable work along distinctly religious lines.