Penfold, Joseph W., chairman, Citizens Committee for the Outdoor Powell, William I., attorney, Independent Petroleum Association of Ribicoff, Hon. Abraham A., a U.S. Senator from the State of Connecticut__ Romney, Miles P., manager, Utah Mining Association. Smith, Spencer M., Jr., secretary, Citizens Committee on Natural Re- 256 196 Western Oil & Gas Association, Mid-Continent Oil & Gas Association, Wolfe, John A., president, Colorado Mining Association__ Zahniser, Howard, executive director, The Wilderness Society. Aldrich, Donald, president, district I, Montana Wildlife Federation: Let- Alexander, Donald B., executive director, American Planning & Civic Anderson, Donald, president, West Coast Mineral Association: Letter, Biemiller, Andrew J., director, department of legislation, AFL-CIO: Letter, Butler, Ray R., executive secretary, American Recreation Society: Tele- 82 87 Callison, Charles H., assistant to the president, National Audubon Casady, Leroy: Letter, dated February 21, 1963, to Senator Allott.. Child, Luther M., president, Appalachian Mountain Club: Letter, dated Clark, James Lee, Council president, Grayback Council, Boy Scouts of America: Telegram, dated February 27, 1963, to Senator Anderson_. Clyde, George D., Governor, State of Utah: Telegram, dated February 28, Duve, Justus D., chairman of legislation, National Council of State Gar- den Clubs, Inc.: Telegram, dated February 27, 1963, to Senator Jackson__ Eddy, Mrs. Roger, vice chairman, conservation committee, the Garden Club of America: Letter, dated March 1, 1963, to the committee___ Everett, Mrs. Walter, president, Southwestern Cowbells: Telegram, dated February 20, 1963, to Senator Allott___. Gresham, C. E., Baltimore, Md.: Telegram, dated February 29, 1963, to Hansen, Clifford P., Governor, State of Wyoming: Telegram, dated Jenkins, Allston, president, Philadelphia Conservationists, Inc.: Letter, Johnston, James W., Jr., chairman, committee for the conservation of Jones, Clyde, conservation chairman, Colorado White Water Association: Kimball, Thomas L., executive director, National Wildlife Federation: Page 272 138 Magie, William H., executive secretary, Friends of the Wilderness: Letter, 260 Michaelson, Stanley D., Salt Lake City, Utah: Letter, dated February 20, Morris, A. P., general manager: Kennecott Copper Corp., Ray Mines Division: Letter, dated February 22, 1963, to Senator Jackson... Nesvig, Gordon T., clerk, board of Supervisors, County of Los Angeles: Telegram, dated March 1, 1963, to Senator Kuchel__. Newhouse, David L., chairman, conservation committee, Adirondack Mountain Club, Inc.: Letter, dated February 26, 1963, to Senator Noyes, Richard M., professor of chemistry, University of Oregon: Letter, Orth, Franklin L., executive vice president, National Rifle Association of Parks, Charlotte, chairman of conservation, Old York Garden Club: Reile, E. S., youth director, Southern California Conference of Seventh-day Rice, Theron J., general manager, legislative action, Chamber of Commerce of the United States: Letter, dated February 27, 1963, to Senator Rienow, Robert, chairman, Eastern New York Chapter of Nature Conserv- Teske, A. J., secretary, Idaho Mining Association: Letter, dated February Thomas, Craig L., executive secretary, Wyoming Farm Bureau Federation: Tongue, Gordon, vice president, Northwest Division, Ideal Cement Co.: Towell, William E., chairman, executive committee, International Associ- ation of Game Fish Commissioners: Telegram, dated February 25, 1963, Vanderveen, Martin, executive secretary, American White Water Affili- ation: Letter, dated February 22, 1963, to the Committee on Interior 94 Willis, Charles F., chairman, Arizona Delegation, Western Governors Young, Ed, president, Sportsmen's Legislative Action Committee, Albu- Zwicker, Eldon, president, Southwestern Colorado Liverstock Association: ADDITIONAL INFORMATION Chapter 2320-Recreation Areas Managed in Near-Natural Condition Page 98 267 274 134 "Facts About the Wilderness Bill," article from the Audubon Leader's 268 "Los Angeles Wants Ski Haven," article in the Washington Post, February 47 "Programs of Federal Law Relating to Programs or Activities Which Qualifications of the Mining and Metallurgical Society of America___ Wilderness bill, the, excerpt from Senator Hubert Humphrey's speech in 172 251 NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION ACT THURSDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1963 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON INTERIOR AND INSULAR AFFAIRS, Washington, D.C. The subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 10 a.m., in room 3110, New Senate Office Building, Senator Clinton P. Anderson presiding. Present: Senators Anderson (presiding), Bible, Gruening, Burdick, Metcalf, McGovern, Kuchel, Allott, Simpson, Dominick, and Mechem. Also present: Benton J. Stong, professional staff member. The hearing today makes the 10th hearing that this committee has held on the wilderness bill since June 1957-six in the field and four here in Washington. We have accumulated 2,487 pages of printed testimony and exhibits, exclusive of maps. By the way, any member of the committee is entitled to read these 2,487 pages of the printed testimony any afternoon he has time. Including 55 printed pages in the majority and minority reports, we have 2,542 pages of printed record. We are here today to determine if there is anything new which can be said on the subject. In announcing this hearing, I asked witnesses to confine themselves insofar as possible to new material. It is an old bill. S. 4 is identical to S. 174 which passed the Senate last year except for one word. We changed forest "superintendent" to forest "supervisor" at one point to comply with official terminology. I shall not impose on available time to restate the often restated provisions of the bill. There are a number of statements filed and, without objection, they will appear in the record at the end of this morning's session. Copy of the bill and departmental reports will be put in the record at this point. (S. 4 and the departmental reports follow:) [S. 4, 88th Cong., 1st sess.] A BILL To establish a National Wilderness Preservation System for the permanent good of the whole people, and for other purposes Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, SHORT TITLE SECTION 1. This Act may be cited as the "Wilderness Act". WILDERNESS SYSTEM ESTABLISHED STATEMENT OF POLICY SEC. 2. (a) The Congress recognizes that an increasing population, accompanied by expanding settlement and growing mechanization, is destined to oc 1 cupy and modify all areas within the United States and its possessions except those that are designated for preservation and protection in their natural condition. It is accordingly declared to be the policy of the Congress of the United States to secure for the American people of present and future generations the benefits of an enduring resource of wilderness. For this purpose there is hereby established a National Wilderness Preservation System to be composed of federally owned areas in the United States and its possessions to be administered for the use and enjoyment of the American people in such manner as will leave them unimpaired for future use and enjoyment as wilderness, and so as to provide for the protection of these areas, the preservation of their wilderness character, and for the gathering and dissemination of information regarding their use and enjoyment as wilderness. DEFINITION OF WILDERNESS (b) A wilderness, in contrast with those areas where man and his own works dominate the landscape, is hereby recognized as an area where the earth and its community of life are untrammeled by man, where man himself is a visitor who does not remain. An area of wilderness is further defined to mean in this Act an area of undeveloped Federal land retaining its primeval character and influence, without permanent improvements or human habitation, which is protected and managed so as to preserve its natural conditions and which (1) generally appears to have been affected primarily by the forces of nature, with the imprint of man's works substantially unnoticeable; (2) has outstanding opportunities for solitude or a primitive and unconfined type of recreation; (3) is of sufficient size as to make practicable its preservation and use in an unimpaired condition; and (4) may also contain ecological, geological, or other features of scientific, educational, scenic, or historical value. NATIONAL WILDERNESS PRESERVATION SYSTEM EXTENT OF SYSTEM SEC. 3. (a) The National Wilderness Preservation System (hereafter referred to in this Act as the wilderness system) shall comprise (subject to existing private rights) such federally owned areas as are established as part of such system under the provisions of this Act. NATIONAL FOREST AREAS (b) (1) The wilderness system shall include all areas within the national forests classified on the effective date of this Act by the Secretary of Agriculture or the Chief of the Forest Service as wilderness, wild, primitive, or canoe: Provided, That the areas classified as primitive shall be subject to review as hereinafter provided. Following enactment of this Act, the Secretary of Agriculture shall, within ten years, review, in accordance with paragraph C, section 251.20, of the Code of Federal Regulations, title 36, effective January 1, 1959, the suitability of each primitive area in the national forests for preservation as wilderness and shall report his findings to the President. Before the convening of Congress each year, the President shall advise the United States Senate and House of Representatives of his recommendations with respect to the continued inclusion within the wilderness system, or exclusion therefrom, of each area on which review has been completed in the preceding year, together with maps and definition of boundaries: Provided, That the President may, as a part of his recommendations, alter the boundaries existing on the date of this Act for any primtive area to be continued in the wilderness system, recommending the exclusion and return to national forest land status of any portions not predominantly of wilderness value, or recommending the addition of any continguous area of national forest lands predominantly of wilderness value: Provided further, That following such exclusions and additions any primitive area recommended to be continued in the wilderness system shall not exceed the area classified as primitive on the date of this Act. The recommendation of the President with respect to the continued inclusion in the wilderness system, or the exclusion therefrom of a primitive area, or portions thereof, shall become effective subject to the provisions of subsection (f) of this section: Provided, That if Congress rejects a recommendation of the President and no revised recommendation is made to Congress with respect to that primitive area |