People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central AsiaWorld Bank Publications, 2007 - 227 pages Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Page xi
... Share of Electricity Expenditures by the Poor and Nonpoor, 1999 and 2003 96 6.2 Change in Electricity Consumption and Expenditures, by Location 96 6.3 Consumption, Payments, and Percentage of Income Spent on Electricity by Union Fenosa ...
... Share of Electricity Expenditures by the Poor and Nonpoor, 1999 and 2003 96 6.2 Change in Electricity Consumption and Expenditures, by Location 96 6.3 Consumption, Payments, and Percentage of Income Spent on Electricity by Union Fenosa ...
Page xii
... Shares 116 7.6 Household Consumption and Income Loss under Alternative Tariff Scenarios 117 7.7 Compensation for the Poor in Baku Should Be Higher 118 7.8 Households with Less Access to Substitutes Consume More Electricity 119 9.1 ...
... Shares 116 7.6 Household Consumption and Income Loss under Alternative Tariff Scenarios 117 7.7 Compensation for the Poor in Baku Should Be Higher 118 7.8 Households with Less Access to Substitutes Consume More Electricity 119 9.1 ...
Page xiii
... Share of Their Income on Electricity 38 3.3 The Rural Poor Spend Less of Their Income on Electricity Than the Urban Poor Do (2000) 39 3.4 Poor Households Are Less Likely to Pay Their Electricity Bills 40 3.5 Expenditure Elasticity of ...
... Share of Their Income on Electricity 38 3.3 The Rural Poor Spend Less of Their Income on Electricity Than the Urban Poor Do (2000) 39 3.4 Poor Households Are Less Likely to Pay Their Electricity Bills 40 3.5 Expenditure Elasticity of ...
Page xiv
... Share of Electricity Expenditures in Total Expenditures Declined After 1999 97 B8.1 Energy Consumption Scatterplots 128 8.1 Urban Household Heating Fuel Choices by Income Quintile 129 8.2 Demand for Heat in Selected Countries 130 8.3 ...
... Share of Electricity Expenditures in Total Expenditures Declined After 1999 97 B8.1 Energy Consumption Scatterplots 128 8.1 Urban Household Heating Fuel Choices by Income Quintile 129 8.2 Demand for Heat in Selected Countries 130 8.3 ...
Page 10
... independence distribution, or transmission • Reduced sector • Percent decline in financial deficit sector financial deficit expressed as a share of GDP Institutions Costs (Usually immediate) Benefits (Usually take time) Government Loss.
... independence distribution, or transmission • Reduced sector • Percent decline in financial deficit sector financial deficit expressed as a share of GDP Institutions Costs (Usually immediate) Benefits (Usually take time) Government Loss.
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analysis approach areas Armenia average Azerbaijan benefits better bills budget Central changes chapter collection companies consumers cost cost recovery countries customers demand Development direct distribution district heating economic effects efficiency elasticity electricity consumption estimated expenditures factors figure findings focus fuels Georgia groups higher households impact important improved income indicate investments less levels losses lower means measures meters million mitigating Moldova month monthly na na na natural nonpoor Note options particularly payment percent percentage political poor poverty privatization produce PSIAs rates received reduced reform region reliable remained reported residential result rising rural sector service quality share significant social Source spend strategies studies subsidies substitutes suggests supply survey tariff increases Tbilisi tion transfers Union Fenosa urban utility welfare wood World Bank
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Page 6 - East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa...
Page xxii - UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme...
Page 119 - For these reasons elasticities of demand for many goods tend to be greater in the long run than in the short run.
Page 126 - In the 1990s, international financial institutions, including the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, took an active role in funding rehabilitation investments for district heating in many cities in the region.
Page 117 - The equivalent surplus is the amount of money that would have to be given to...