People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central AsiaWorld Bank Publications, 2007 - 227 pages Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Page 39
... natural gas. In Armenia, residential consumption of natural gas more than tripled from 1996 to 2001 (from 29,000 tons of oil equivalent to 90,000), while monthly electricity 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 A lb a n ia A r m e n ia A z e r b a ija n B e ...
... natural gas. In Armenia, residential consumption of natural gas more than tripled from 1996 to 2001 (from 29,000 tons of oil equivalent to 90,000), while monthly electricity 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 A lb a n ia A r m e n ia A z e r b a ija n B e ...
Page 43
... gas, central heating, liquefied petroleum gas, total energy, and water. From this information it is possible to ... natural resource abundance and economic growth, see Sachs and Warner (1995). 8. Hellman (1998); Saavalainen and ten Berge ...
... gas, central heating, liquefied petroleum gas, total energy, and water. From this information it is possible to ... natural resource abundance and economic growth, see Sachs and Warner (1995). 8. Hellman (1998); Saavalainen and ten Berge ...
Page 44
... natural gas consumption from 337 million KWh in 1996 to 1,046 million KWh in 2001, and a reduction in electricity consumption from 2,174 million KWh in 1996 to 1,232 million KWh in 2001 (conversion factor from the World Energy Council) ...
... natural gas consumption from 337 million KWh in 1996 to 1,046 million KWh in 2001, and a reduction in electricity consumption from 2,174 million KWh in 1996 to 1,232 million KWh in 2001 (conversion factor from the World Energy Council) ...
Page 46
... natural gas supply, by 1992 electricity utilities were on the verge of collapse. Residential consumers bore the brunt of the utility crisis. From 1992 to 1995, most of the population received only two to four hours of electricity per ...
... natural gas supply, by 1992 electricity utilities were on the verge of collapse. Residential consumers bore the brunt of the utility crisis. From 1992 to 1995, most of the population received only two to four hours of electricity per ...
Page 49
... natural gas. Again, the urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking. Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and ...
... natural gas. Again, the urban poor depended significantly more on wood and significantly less on electricity than the urban nonpoor for both heating water and cooking. Natural gas was favored for cooking by the nonpoor in both rural and ...
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Common terms and phrases
analysis approach areas Armenia average Azerbaijan benefits better bills budget Central changes chapter collection companies consumers cost cost recovery countries customers demand Development direct distribution district heating economic effects efficiency elasticity electricity consumption estimated expenditures factors figure findings focus fuels Georgia groups higher households impact important improved income indicate investments less levels losses lower means measures meters million mitigating Moldova month monthly na na na natural nonpoor Note options particularly payment percent percentage political poor poverty privatization produce PSIAs rates received reduced reform region reliable remained reported residential result rising rural sector service quality share significant social Source spend strategies studies subsidies substitutes suggests supply survey tariff increases Tbilisi tion transfers Union Fenosa urban utility welfare wood World Bank
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