People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central AsiaWorld Bank Publications, 2007 - 227 pages Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Page xxii
... KGOE Kilograms of oil equivalent KWh Kilowatt hour LPG Liquefied petroleum gas LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study NRED Regional electric distribution companies, state-owned— Moldova NTC Nominative Targeted Compensation PCE Monthly ...
... KGOE Kilograms of oil equivalent KWh Kilowatt hour LPG Liquefied petroleum gas LSMS Living Standards Measurement Study NRED Regional electric distribution companies, state-owned— Moldova NTC Nominative Targeted Compensation PCE Monthly ...
Page 118
... kgoe = kilograms of 118 Lampietti,Banerjee,and Branczik. Current consumption (KWh) per month) Predicted consumption (KWh) per month) Minimum Maximum Current effective tariffa Tariff tariffb (manat) loss (dollars per month) loss (dollars ...
... kgoe = kilograms of 118 Lampietti,Banerjee,and Branczik. Current consumption (KWh) per month) Predicted consumption (KWh) per month) Minimum Maximum Current effective tariffa Tariff tariffb (manat) loss (dollars per month) loss (dollars ...
Page 128
... kgoe per year consumed for heating. 1,000 5,000 6,000 Source: Authors'calculations. Note: kgoe = kilograms of oil equivalent. (Continued) 2,000 Source: Authors'calculations. Note: Excludes district heating. 128 Lampietti,Banerjee,and ...
... kgoe per year consumed for heating. 1,000 5,000 6,000 Source: Authors'calculations. Note: kgoe = kilograms of oil equivalent. (Continued) 2,000 Source: Authors'calculations. Note: Excludes district heating. 128 Lampietti,Banerjee,and ...
Page 130
... (kgoe) for three countries, Armenia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Moldova. A heat demand function is expected to be kinked. It slopes steeply around the minimum amount needed for survival, and then rapidly levels off as the quantity of heat ...
... (kgoe) for three countries, Armenia, the Kyrgyz Republic, and Moldova. A heat demand function is expected to be kinked. It slopes steeply around the minimum amount needed for survival, and then rapidly levels off as the quantity of heat ...
Page 131
... kgoe (indicating the inelastic part of the demand function), followed by a rapid flattening out. It appears that households alter their heating strategies quickly in response to price changes in the range of US$0.01–$0.20 per kgoe ...
... kgoe (indicating the inelastic part of the demand function), followed by a rapid flattening out. It appears that households alter their heating strategies quickly in response to price changes in the range of US$0.01–$0.20 per kgoe ...
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analysis approach areas Armenia average Azerbaijan benefits better bills budget Central changes chapter collection companies consumers cost cost recovery countries customers demand Development direct distribution district heating economic effects efficiency elasticity electricity consumption estimated expenditures factors figure findings focus fuels Georgia groups higher households impact important improved income indicate investments less levels losses lower means measures meters million mitigating Moldova month monthly na na na natural nonpoor Note options particularly payment percent percentage political poor poverty privatization produce PSIAs rates received reduced reform region reliable remained reported residential result rising rural sector service quality share significant social Source spend strategies studies subsidies substitutes suggests supply survey tariff increases Tbilisi tion transfers Union Fenosa urban utility welfare wood World Bank
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Page 6 - East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa...
Page xxii - UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme...
Page 119 - For these reasons elasticities of demand for many goods tend to be greater in the long run than in the short run.
Page 126 - In the 1990s, international financial institutions, including the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, took an active role in funding rehabilitation investments for district heating in many cities in the region.
Page 117 - The equivalent surplus is the amount of money that would have to be given to...