People and Power: Electricity Sector Reforms and the Poor in Europe and Central AsiaWorld Bank Publications, 2007 - 227 pages Empirical insights on household behavior and electricity consumption patterns in this book reveal that, in Europe and Central Asia, the erosion of tariff based subsidies has disproportionately affected the poor, while direct transfers through social benefit systems have often been inadequately targeted. The book suggests alternative strategies for achieving cost-recovery in the electricity sector in a socially and politically acceptable manner, providing lessons that are equally relevant for other utilities and regions. |
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Page xiv
... Average Cost of Heating for High and Low Demand, Yerevan,Armenia 137 9.1 Price Elasticity of Residential Power Demand Depends on Local Conditions 146 9.2 Electricity Tariffs Are Higher Than Gas Tariffs, 1992–2002 154 9.3 Electricity Is ...
... Average Cost of Heating for High and Low Demand, Yerevan,Armenia 137 9.1 Price Elasticity of Residential Power Demand Depends on Local Conditions 146 9.2 Electricity Tariffs Are Higher Than Gas Tariffs, 1992–2002 154 9.3 Electricity Is ...
Page 10
... average service quality of outages interruption frequency index • Frequency and • Number of deviations from voltage stability established standards Power sector Improved • Increased revenue and • Rise in electricity billed as (utilities) ...
... average service quality of outages interruption frequency index • Frequency and • Number of deviations from voltage stability established standards Power sector Improved • Increased revenue and • Rise in electricity billed as (utilities) ...
Page 11
... average five to seven months.9 Households spend a large share of their incomes on energy for heat, and access to energy is a matter of survival. The legacy of free access and a sense of entitlement ensured controversy for any ...
... average five to seven months.9 Households spend a large share of their incomes on energy for heat, and access to energy is a matter of survival. The legacy of free access and a sense of entitlement ensured controversy for any ...
Page 13
... average of 177 percent in real terms throughout ECA.11 Universal access at little or no cost under socialism was clearly unsustainable, but it took time for consumers to adjust to the idea that services once provided for free must now ...
... average of 177 percent in real terms throughout ECA.11 Universal access at little or no cost under socialism was clearly unsustainable, but it took time for consumers to adjust to the idea that services once provided for free must now ...
Page 14
... average GDP per capita 150 100 50 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Source: Authors'calculations from International Energy Agency data and World Bank data. These figures may not be equal to the true resource cost because ...
... average GDP per capita 150 100 50 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Source: Authors'calculations from International Energy Agency data and World Bank data. These figures may not be equal to the true resource cost because ...
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Common terms and phrases
analysis approach areas Armenia average Azerbaijan benefits better bills budget Central changes chapter collection companies consumers cost cost recovery countries customers demand Development direct distribution district heating economic effects efficiency elasticity electricity consumption estimated expenditures factors figure findings focus fuels Georgia groups higher households impact important improved income indicate investments less levels losses lower means measures meters million mitigating Moldova month monthly na na na natural nonpoor Note options particularly payment percent percentage political poor poverty privatization produce PSIAs rates received reduced reform region reliable remained reported residential result rising rural sector service quality share significant social Source spend strategies studies subsidies substitutes suggests supply survey tariff increases Tbilisi tion transfers Union Fenosa urban utility welfare wood World Bank
Popular passages
Page 6 - East Asia and Pacific Europe and Central Asia Latin America and the Caribbean Middle East and North Africa...
Page xxii - UN United Nations UNDP United Nations Development Programme UNEP United Nations Environment Programme...
Page 119 - For these reasons elasticities of demand for many goods tend to be greater in the long run than in the short run.
Page 126 - In the 1990s, international financial institutions, including the World Bank and the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development, took an active role in funding rehabilitation investments for district heating in many cities in the region.
Page 117 - The equivalent surplus is the amount of money that would have to be given to...