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your background. We like to know something about these people who come up here from Interior Department and I would like to have a little background on you for the record.

Mr. POMERANZ. I would be very happy to do so,

sir.

I am an attorney whose first employment was in the Foreign Service of the United States, and my only assignment in the Foreign Service before my departure from it was in Latin America. In 1949 I went to work for the Bureau of Foreign Commerce of the Department of Commerce as a legal consultant on foreign law. In successive moves in the Department of Commerce, I became involved in a variety of foreign areas of work, including taxation, the application of our trade agreement legislation, the operations of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade as well as various aspects of the technical assistance program. At that time the programs were devoted to the encouragement of U.S. Foreign Investment and Trade outside the United States. Mr. SAYLOR. Under ICA?

Mr. POMERANZ. I worked in behalf of Commerce with ICA.

I would style myself as one who has been particularly interested in the aspects of the Antarctic problem which have been brought out over and above the scientific aspects, the economic possibilities of the interests of the United States, and to see them protected in advance in foreign areas of the world.

I came to the Department of Interior in May of this year for the purpose of coordinating particular areas of foreign matters of interest to the Secretary of the Interior.

Mr. SAYLOR. To the Interior Department from the Commerce Department?

Mr. POMERANZ. That is correct.

Mr. SAYLOR. You have not told us yet what State you come from, whether or not you are married or single, and if married how many children you have.

Mr. POMERANZ. I was born in Brooklyn. I see there is no one from Texas, so I think I can speak with pride in saying that I did come from Brooklyn. We were all sorry to see the Dodgers move to Los Angeles. I have only recently been married and, in fact, in December of last year. I have no family.

Mr. SAYLOR. I am sure that Mr. Carey and Mr. O'Brien, both members of this subcommittee and the full committee-one from Brooklyn and the other from upstate New York-will be delighted to know that. They will be delighted to know they have a New Yorker down there in an official capacity in the Interior Department. Mr. KYL. Would the gentleman yield?

I would also say to the gentleman that Los Angeles is sorry the Dodgers moved.

Mr. POMERANZ. I would agree, sir.

Mr. HALEY. Are there any further questions?

(No response.)

If not, thank you very much, Mr. Pomeranz.

Mr. POMERANZ. Thank you.

Mr. HALEY. Mr. Francis, would you come forward?

Could you furnish us, or could your office furnish us with a list of the persons who generally attend these coordinating meetings and also the organizations which they represent?

Mr. FRANCIS. I believe we could; yes, sir.

Mr. HALEY. If you will furnish that to the committee, we will be very happy to receive it, unless you have it here.

Mr. FRANCIS. I do not have it with me.

Mr. DURNO. Would the chairman yield?

Could we also include the dates of these meetings?

Mr. HALEY. I might say to the gentleman I would also like to know something as to the regularity and the dates of these meetings. I presume there are some minutes kept of these meetings; is that correct?

Mr. FRANCIS. I believe this information can be provided for you,

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Dr. J. L. TAYLOR,

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,
Washington, D.C., September 14, 1961.

Professional Staff, Consultant, Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,
1324 New House Office Building, Washington, D.C.

DEAR DR. TAYLOR: Due to a misunderstanding, I have just learned that Mr. Francis of our office was expected to submit the names of those who attend the antarctic coordinating group meetings on antarctic affairs at the Department of State rather than State. Mr. Francis is presently away from the office so I am forwarding the attached list according to the request of the committee. The Antarctic Coordinating Group normally meets every other Wednesday at 2 p.m. in the Department of State Building. Official minutes of the meetings are not prepared.

The Office of Antarctic Programs in the Foundation would be happy to assist the committee as it can.

Sincerely yours,

T. O. JONES,

Head, Office of Antarctic Programs.

ANTARCTIC COORDINATING GROUP

George H. Owen, Special Assistant for Antarctica, Department of State.
Wayne W. Fisher, Special Assistant for Antarctica, International Organization,
Department of State.

Dr. Thomas O. Jones, head, Office of Antarctic Programs, National Science
Foundation.

George R. Toney, Office of Antarctic Programs, National Science Foundation. Capt. W. B. Durant, Jr., U.S. Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Department of Defense (until July 1961).

Capt. Robert M. Elder, U.S. Navy, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Department of Defense (since August 1961).

Comdr. Price Lewis, Jr., U.S. Naval Reserve, Office of the Chief of Naval Operations, Department of Defense.

Robert K. Coote, staff assistant, Office of the Assistant Secretary for Public Land Management, Department of Interior.

Dr. Harry Wexler, Director, Office of Meteorological Research, Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce.

Gordon D. Cartwright, Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce.

Dr. Morton Rubin, Weather Bureau, Department of Commerce.

Harold L. Goodwin, science adviser, U.S. Information Agency (until July 1961). Clarke Thornton, defense liaison officer, U.S. Information Agency (since July 1961).

Dr. James E. Mooney, Deputy U.S. antarctic projects officer, Department of Defense (has also attended several of the meetings).

Dr. JOHN L. TAYLOR,

Consultant on Territorial Affairs,

NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION,
Washington, D.C., September 25, 1961.

Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs,

1324 New House Office Building, Washington, D.C.

DEAR DR. TAYLOR: In reply to your letter of September 16, 1961, I must first correct a statement that I made in my letter of September 14 by stating that the coordinating group at State generally meets every Wednesday at 2 p.m., not every other Wednesday. For your information since the abolishment of the Operations Coordinating Board by the President and the assumption of the coordinating duties by the Department of State meetings have been held onMarch 3, 8, 15, 22, and 29.

April 5, 12, 19, and 26.
May 3, 10, 17, 24, and 31.
June 7, 14, 21, and 28.
July 12, 20, and 28.
August 16, 23, and 30.

September 13 and 20.

As I said before, no official detailed minutes of the meetings are maintained but a record of items discussed, together with the decisions reached, are kept by the chairman of the group.

Sincerely yours,

T. C. JONES, Head, Office of Antarctic Programs.

Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Chairman, I want to make an observation. Mr. HALEY. The gentleman is recognized for that purpose. Mr. SAYLOR. It seems to me that the National Science Foundation is supposed to have charge of Antarctica in accordance with all the reports we have had. If yesterday they saw fit to send their chief scientist, Dr. Crary, head of the Antarctic programs, as well as Mr. George Toney, deputy head of the Antarctic programs, as well as Mr. Hoff, General Counsel, they could have had them here today as well. I have looked at the list of committees that are meeting today and I find there are no other committees in either the House or the Senate holding meetings. Certainly they might have been a little interested in Antarctica and had them here today, if only as observers.

Mr. HALEY. I presume, Dr. Taylor, that these gentlemen were apprised of the fact that the committee would be meeting today? Mr. TAYLOR (staff). Yes, sir. The announcement was made at the close of the meeting that we would continue this morning.

Mr. HALEY. Mr. Francis, at least we are happy to have you here. Thank you.

Mr. FRANCIS. Thank you, sir.

Mr. HALEY. Admiral Tyree, U.S. Navy, we would be happy to have your counsel and advice.

STATEMENT OF ADM. DAVID M. TYREE, U.S. NAVY, U.S.
ANTARCTIC PROJECTS OFFICER

Admiral TYREE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. Chairman and members of the committee, I am Rear Adm. David Tyree, U.S. Navy. I am the U.S. Antarctic Projects Officer and I am the commander of the Naval Support Force, Antarctica. I have been invited to appear before this committee today in connection with my responsibilities and experience in the Antarctic. I am not representing the Department of Defense directly.

I regret that I was not able to be here yesterday. I am leaving for New Zealand and the Antarctic next Thursday and as a result, yesterday and the day before I was going over final details with our new wintering group at Davisville, R.I., and with our Navy Antarctic Air Squadron, VX-6, at Rhode Island.

I did have representatives here yesterday and I have had a report on the testimony presented.

I am glad to appear here at this time and to furnish you with information covering my stewardship as commander of U.S. Naval Support Forces, Antarctica, for the season 1961-62.

I am particularly happy that there are among the members of this committee some who have honored us with their presence in Antarctica.

Mr. HALEY. Admiral, if you will suspend for a minute, I have a letter here from the Honorable Robert W. Hemphill, Fifth District of South Carolina, addressed to you in which he states that he had hoped to be present today when you testified but he has been called back to South Carolina on official business. He says, in part :

I am ever mindful of your fine command of which I was a guest and I will certainly do everything that I can to further your ideas on this project. Continued admiration and warmest regards.

Sincerely yours,

ROBERT W. HEMPHILL,
Member of Congress.

I thought you and the members of the committee might like to know of the high regard in which our colleague from South Carolina holds the admiral and his command down in that part of the world. Admiral TYREE. Thank you, Mr. Chairman.

As I say, there are members of this committee who have honored us with their presence in Antarctica. My feeling is that it is important for persons who have an interest in what we are doing in the Antarctic to see it firsthand.

I have welcomed these visits because one cannot appreciate the problems or the operations in Antarctica from statements or from discussions and from pictures, as well as they can when they actually are a part of the physical environment. Mr. Chairman, this committee is well aware, I am sure, of the sacrifices and the hardships which many have made and are making in order to operate and support the U.S. Antarctic research programs and other projects at the bottom of the world.

In this connection, I am proud to recognize Congressman Saylor, a senior Member, and to express here again the appreciation of all of us for introducing in the Congress H.R. 3923 which opened the way for the Congress and the President to enact into law an authorization for the issuance of a special Antarctic medal which provides, among other things, an incentive for men to volunteer their services in the interests of the U.S. activities in Antarctica. Antarctica, as you know, was the last continent on earth to feel the force of modern technology and mechanization.

This era began, in part, during Admiral Byrd's expedition and has been gradually expanded until motorized ground transport and the airplane have nearly totally replaced the earlier polar equipment. New scientific instrumentation has broadened the range of the scientists and modern ski-equipped aircraft and motorized vehicles have extended and broadened polar exploration and support.

With the installation of a nuclear reactor to generate power and heat at McMurdo Sound next season, with the establishment of underice tunnels at the new Byrd Station, in which housing facilities and other facilities are being located, this all helps to usher in a new scale of environmental living in Antarctica.

We are thus evolving more convenient and adaptable ways to accomplish more things scientifically and geographically in Antarctica.

I would like for the moment to address myself to your committee with some information about our operations during the past season, 1960-61, known as Operation Deep Freeze 61.

I have a motion picture film with me that will illustrate graphically some of the highlights of this effort. I could take time here to tell you something about plans for the upcoming Deep Freeze 62, but I think your committee is interested at this point in knowing what has recently been accomplished down there in the interest of science and of other projects.

The U.S. Navy has, as you are aware, a leading part in making possible the feasibility, success, and safety of the scientific program. The science programs, I am sure, have been discussed before this committee by members of the National Science Foundation. The Antarctic operational season ended with my return to the United States in April of this year. This past season in the Antarctic was a long and difficult one, but it was a successful one nonetheless. It was a battle won through sheer determination and doggedness of every person on the ice. We maintained personnel parties of scientists. and naval support personnel in McMurdo, the South Pole, and Byrd and Hallett. The latter is a joint enterprise with New Zealand which each year furnishes part of the scientific team. Each year these stations must be resupplied, maintained, and personnel stationed there through the long winter night and then must be relieved. People must be carried in.

The naval air facility at McMurdo is our main supply and our staging base on the continent. Cargo ships and tankers unload at McMurdo and using the bay, use it as an unloading dock. McMurdo is also the southern terminal of our 2,200-mile New Zealand to Antarctica airline, sometimes referred to as the world's most hazardous air route.

For your information, McMurdo is on Ross Island.

It is 2,200 miles from New Zealand up in this direction [indicating] and it is 830 nautical miles to the pole from McMurdo. It is about 800 miles to our Byrd Station up in the center of Marie Byrd Land, which incidentally is the only unclaimed sector in the arctic. Incidentally, we are the only country to date that has flown planes in and out of the Antarctic and this has made possible a large augmentation to our summer program, both constructionwise and scientificwise. We are able to take scientists in to do a few months work as compared to scientists from other nations who have to spend the entire winter there in order to carry on their scientific work.

Our Byrd and pole stations, as I pointed out on the chart, which are inland, are completely resupplied by air. Hallett is resupplied each year primarily by amphibious operations because of certain peculiarities of the ice conditions there.

As you know, I relieved my predecessor in April of 1959, a few months after the conclusion of the International Geophysical Year.

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