are coming more frankly to grips with the fundamentals of their varied problems, and are both molding and following present tendencies toward a clean-cut and logical architectural technique. Despite many unfavorable conditions obtaining since the war, a fair number of really admirable buildings have been completed or projected, and the outlook for the coming year is better than for several years past. According to reports received from a thousand architectural offices in various parts of the country covering prospective and definitely anticipated work, 1922 is to be a far busier year than 1921. ARCTIC REGIONS. See POLAR RESEARCH. ARELLANO, C. S. See NECROLOGY. ARGENTINA. A south American republic, lying on the eastern coast of the southern part of the continent; capital, Buenos Aires. Plata, estimated, 119,000; Avellaneda, 105,000, EDUCATION. Primary education is free and compulsory between the ages of six and fourteen, and is subsidized by the general and provincial governments. The progress of education during recent years is indicated by the following figures for national schools: In 1906, there were 291 schools, with 357 teachers and 26,152 pupils; in 1916, 1385 schools with 2640 teachers and 128,488 pupils; in 1920, 2722 schools with 4901 teachers and 218,326 pupils. The National University of Córdoba in 1920 had 1603 students divided as follows: Law, 345; medicine, 840; dentistry, 157; pharmacy, 85; science, 104. Secondary education is under the general government and is carried on by 42 national schools, with 11,022 pupils and 1244 teachers, and by 33 private institutions, with 2959 pupils and 398 teachers. There were also 59 military schools, 82 normal schools, 37 schools for special instruction, commerce, industry, art, etc. Higher education is supplied by the following national universities: Buenos Aires, La Plata, and Córdoba, together with a new university, founded in 1920 at Rosario, known as the University of the Litoral; and the provincial universities at Santa Fé and Tucuman. There are musuems at Buenos Aires and La Plata; a national meteorological bureau at Buenos 72 1,649,977 1,575,814 Aires; and a national observatory at Córdoba. The budget for education in 1920 totaled 71,885,335 paper dollars. AREA AND POPULATION. The area is 1,153,119 square miles, and the population, Dec. 31, 1919, was 8,533,332 as compared with 7,885,237 in the census of 1914. The following table of population by provinces and territories is taken from the Statesman's Year Book of 1921: Federal District, Provinces and Territories Federal District Buenos Aires.. Martin Garcia Island.. Provinces Buenos Aires (La Plata). Santa Fé.. Córdoba. Entre Rios (Parana). Santiago del Estero. San Juan. La Rioja.. Catamarca. Area: English sq. miles Popula- Popula- 783 117,777 2,279,500 2,066,165 PRODUCTION. The main sources of wealth are 66,912 787,748 735,472 agriculture and stock-raising, the area available 29,241 461,570 425,373 for these purposes being placed at 401,000,000 In 1918-1919 the total area under cultivation was 59,716,550 acres. The following table shows the acreage and production of leading crops in metric tons in 1920-21: 33,535 364,818 347,055 56,502 307,560 277,535 acres. 37,839 84,448 79,754 100,391 de Toay).. 101,338 40,530 32,472 28,866 79,805 46,602 42,242 The figures for corn for 1920-21 were not 93,427 27,722 23,065 available but in 1919-20 the acreage under corn 109,142 11,355 was 8,180,000 and the production in 1918-19 was 8299 2548 5,696,150 metric tons. Farm animals in 1920 34,740 2628 numbered: Cattle, 27,392,126; horses, 9,366,455; sheep, 45,303,419; pigs, 3,227,346; mules, 565,069; asses, 260,157. Crop estimates for 1920-21 were as follows: Wheat, 5,015,000 tons; linseed, 1,082,000 tons; barley, 691,000 tons. There has latterly been a rapid development of rice culture, which has been aided by the government, the area under cultivation increasing from 3021 hectares to 10,654 in 1920. The crop in 1919-20 was 18,500 tons. The oil fields though discovered thirteen years before were just beginning in 1921 to draw foreign capital, and various Dutch, French, German, and English interests were competing there for concessions. There was also a certain amount of Swiss and Belgian capital interested in the oil fields. In the summer it was reported that German bids for engineering work were far below the American estimates and that many American articles were being driven out by German competition. Ocean traffic between Argentina and Russia was renewed, September 2, According to the statistics published in the June, 1921, number of the Revista de Economía Argentina, the estimated population of the country on Dec. 31, 1920, was 8,698,516. The number of immigrants in 1920 was 188,688, and of emigrants, 148,907. The number of agriculturists, merchants, manufacturers, and workmen of all classes was 2,355,130. The movement of population 1918 was as follows: Births, 271,980; deaths, 146,775; immigrants, 50,662; emigrants, 59,908. The number of immigrants by sea between 1857 and 1917 was 4,812,729. The population of the larger cities was as follows: Buenos Aires, the capital, (1914) 1,575,814; estimated, Dec. 31, 1920, 1,674,000; Rosario, estimated in 1918, 235,000; Córdoba, estimated Nov. 30, 1918, 156,000; La a vessel leaving the capital for Russia with a cargo of flour on that date. COMMERCE. According to the Bureau of General Statistics, foreign trade in 1920 was as follows: Exports, 1,007,000,000 gold pesos; imports, 850,000,000 gold pesos; the trade balance favorable to the country thus being 153,000,000 gold pesos. The chief exports were wheat, corn, linseed, and oats. The total imports into the United States from Argentina for 1921 were estimated at $60,000,000, as compared with $207,776,868 for 1920; and American exports to that country in 1921 at about $110,000,000, as compared with$213,725,984 in 1920. The following table shows the quantities of exports from Argentina during the first 10 months of 1921, as compared with those for a similar period in 1920: FIRST ment whereby parcel-post was to pass free through the contracting countries. In the autumn the president signed and put into effect the law against rent profiteering which forebade the increase of rents over the point charged before Jan. 1, 1920. A note for $50,000,000 with interest at 7 per cent maturing in two years was subscribed by a group of American financiers. Exports to the United States according to official figures during the first months of the year averaged 75 per cent higher than those during the same period in the five years preceeding the war. Riots were reported at the end of May, attributed to Communists, and resulting in over 600 arrests at Buenos Aires. The strikers attacked the customs house warehouses, destroying them and causing a loss of several millions pesos. OTHER EVENTS. There were disorders during the year in the territory of Santa Cruz but they were suppressed in the latter part of the year by a regiment of cavalry. In the budget for 1922 woolen cloth made in foreign countries out of raw material from Argentina was declared free 1,591,255 of duty for three years. Toward the end of the 2,395,324 year it was learned that the government had decided to acquire eight submarines of 800 tons 45,855 each. See CHILE. 1921 1,129,403 362,574 39,665 123,887 6,581 103,770 634,528 ARIZONA, POPULATION. According to the report of the census of 1920, there were 334,162 residents in the State, Jan. 1, 1920, as compared with 204,354 in 1910. AGRICULTURE. The following table is compiled 195,447 from the estimates of the United States Department of Agriculture, covering the years 1920 and 188,799 1921: 897,857 1,920,874 Wheat. tons..5,029,528 Corn.. do...3,444,032 Linseed. do... 897,906 Oats.. do... 360,417 Barley. do. 49,088 Flour.. do. 172,969 59,461 Crop do. 1920 3,550 288,938 29,000 Oats... Year Acreage Prod., bu. Value $1,015,000 1,085,000 410,000 337,000 840,000 1,050,000 864,000 2,264,000 Barley.. Beef: Frozen.. Ox Horse... Tallow... .do.. 791,220 Mutton, frozen.. 2,620,640 Hay... do... 536,875 1,264,469 ..do... 417,488 Average weights: 1 bale of wool, 420 kilos; 1 bale of sheepskins, 400 kilos; 1 bale of hair, 400 kilos; 1 bale of goatskins, 370 kilos; 1 bale of hay, 50 kilos; 1 pipe of tallow, 400 kilos; 1 hogshead of tallow, 200 kilos; 1 case of butter, 25 kilos. See NAVAL PROGRESS. RAILWAYS. During the year work continued on the Salta-Huatiquina Railway, in Argentina. The Chilean government informed the Argentine government that construction on the AntofagastaHuatiquina section was being pushed vigorously, and it was expected that work would begin on the line from Embarcacion to Yacuiba on the eastern frontier of Bolivia. There was also rate trouble during the year and increases put into effect on the British-owned railways of Argentina were declared null and void in a decree of President Yrigoyen, on the ground that they were increased without the sanction of the government. The railways, however, contended that they had the right to raise rates and the government assessed heavy fines against the carriers. Under the president's decree these fines were to be remitted if the rates were lowered to the former level. HISTORY. The Pan-American postal congress at Buenos Aires in November adopted an agree 1 Tons. IRRIGATION. Statistics of irrigation issued by the Bureau of the Census are shown in the table on page 56. MINERAL PRODUCTION. The value of the gold, silver, copper, and lead produced by mines in Arizona in 1921, according to the estimate of the United States Geological Survey, was about $26,000,000, a decrease from $114,628,584 in 1920. As most of the copper-smelting plants were closed after March or April the output of copper was less than one-third of that in 1920. No zinc was marketed, the output of lead was abnormally reduced, and the output of gold and silver was only half that of 1920. The gold produced by mines in Arizona decreased from $4,786,122 in 1920 to about $3,046,000 in 1921, largely because of the closing of the copper mines but partly because of the smaller output of gold ore. The mine output of silver decreased from 5,355,303 ounces in 1920 to about 2,179,000 ounces in 1921. As most of the silver is associated with copper ore the decreased output of silver was due to the decreased mining of copper. The mine output of copper decreased from 558,256,302 pounds in 1920 to about 163,087,000 pounds in 1921. The value of the output decreased from $102,719,160 in 1920 to about $20,565,000 in 1921, owing to the curtailment of production and the decrease in the average price of copper from 18.40 cents to 12.50 cents a pound. The mine production of lead in Arizona decreased from 14,599,765 pounds in 1920 to about 5,182,000 pounds in 1921. The value of the output decreased from $1,167,981 to about $238,000. No shipments of lead ore or concentrate were made from the Shattuck mine, which was the largest producer of lead in 1920. Much silver-lead ore, however, was shipped from the Copper Queen mine, especially from September to the close of the year, and the Bunker Hill Co., at Tombstone, shipped much lead ore as well as silver ore to El Paso, Tex. As the demand for zinc was poor and the price decreased to about 5.11 cents a pound, no zinc ore was shipped from mines in Arizona. MANUFACTURES. The following information in respect to manufactures was supplied by the United States Bureau of the Census in 1921. Arizona has a gross area of 113,956 square miles, of which 113,810 represent land surface. The inhabitants of the State in 1900 numbered 122,931; in 1910, 204,354; and in 1920, 334,162. Both in total population and in density of population Arizona ranked forty-fifth among the States in 1920. The number of inhabitants per square mile in 1910 was 1.8, the corresponding figure for 1920 being 2.9. There were in the State in 1920 only two cities having more than 10,000 inhabitants Phoenix and Tucson. These cities, with a combined population of 49,345, formed 14.8 per cent of the total for Arizona in 1920 and reported 9.9 per cent of the value of the State's manufactured products in 1919. The large increases in wages, cost of materials, and the value of products, as presented in the following table, were chiefly due to the change in industrial conditions brought about by the World War, and therefore can not properly be used to measure the growth of manufactures during the census period 1914 to 1919. However, the increases in average number of wage earners and horsepower are significant evidences of the growth of the manufacturing .... acres. activities of the State. The addition of the Federal income tax since 1914 will account for the large increase in "rent and taxes." The percentage of increase in the cost of materials (135.8), as compared with that for value of products (88.4) resulted in a small increase (13.4) in value added by manufacture. This condition was due to the copper smelting and refining industry, which in 1919 formed more than twothirds of the total value of products for the State. Between the time of purchase of the materials used and the turning out of the products the market value of copper had greatly decreased, necessarily affecting the normal business conditions pertaining to the disposition of the products. TRANSPORTATION. The two railways of the State have a mileage of 2429. Two main lines cross the State. The extensions and branch lines are mainly dependent on the mining industry, and there was curtailment of service on some of them on account of the decline in the copper output noted above. FINANCE. The total net receipts in the year ending June 30, 1921, were $8,088,310; total net expenditures, $7,451,996; excess of revenue over expenditure, $636,313; treasurer's cash balance, June 30, 1921, $2,610,968. The State indebtedness was $869,972; county indebtedness, $1,967,805; city indebtedness, limited to Prescott, Tombstone, and Tucson, $130,498; total, $2,966,275. of EDUCATION. School enrollment (graded) 72,586; daily attendance, 44,587; number teachers, 2042; average salary of teachers, $193 for men and $151 for women. High school enrollment, 6716; daily attendance, 5201; number of |