early indebtedness was liquidated. The journal is without competition in the territory tributary to Kansas City. Dr. Foster remained with the Medical Arena for about the first two years of its publication, when Dr. A. E. Newmeister, who had been associated with the journal, took over his interests. Dr. DeLap with Dr. Newmeister continued the paper's publication until 1906. The paper was then sold to Dr. S. S. Marks, who ran it as an Eclectic journal until within the last few months, when it was sold to an Eclectic journal of St. Louis. CHAPTER XXI. THE GREAT INDUSTRIES. The marvelous development of the live stock trade in Kansas City was from natural sources; no special effort was required to promote the great industry of cattle raising. The immeasurable rich grazing ground in the country contiguous to Kansas City suggested the raising of live stock, and the generous soil yielding not alone the best but the cheapest of feed for the cattle further encouraged this feature of agriculture. To the Spaniards Kansas City is indebted for the inception of the great live stock trade. When the Santa Fe and overland trade developed from the use of pack horses to caravans of wagons drawn by oxen, about 1857, great herds of the long horned Texas steers grazed in the pasture land of Texas, and not less than 20,000 of them were driven to Kansas City and used by the traders. Many were sold to firms in Chicago and Milwaukee, having been driven across the river to Randolph's Bluff to the Hannibal and St. Joseph railroad and shipped. This was the beginning of the live stock trade on which rests the commercial and industrial supremacy of Kansas City. Before the advent of railroads in Kansas City the trade consisted only of such hogs and cattle as could easily be driven from adjacent farms to railroad stations or to the Missouri river to be shipped by water. During the Civil war the confederate army was supplied with beef from Texas, but later the war interfered with the market and the southwest was overrun with Texas cattle. The Southern people could not afford to buy and Mexico needed but a small part of the annual increase. The drovers learned that cattle commanded high prices in the Northwest and prepared to take herds through the southwest of Missouri to Sedalia and other points on the Missouri Pacific railroad in Central Missouri. Resistance was made to their entrance to Missouri or Kansas, as it was thought that the Spanish fever would spread among the native cattle. The objections raised by the farmers of Kansas attracted the attention of Mr. Joseph C. McCoy, a cattle dealer in Illinois. He studied the problem and considered that a receiving station for Texas cattle might be found in western Kansas, outside of settled districts. Mr. McCoy built a stock yard in Abilene, Kas., and was very successful until 1871, when the Kansas legislature, at the solicitation of the farmers living in the vicinity of the town, enacted a law that drove the live stock trade from Abilene. L. V. Morse, superintendent of the Hannibal & St. Joseph railroad, was the pioneer of the stock yards movement in Kansas City. In 1870 Mr. Morse fenced off five acres of land and divided it into eleven pens. In 1871, the Kansas City Stock Yards company was organized with these officers: J. M. Walker, president; George H. Nettleton, general manager; Jerome D. Smith, superintendent, and George N. Altman, secretary. The Live Stock Exchange building was erected in the West bottoms at Sixteenth and Bell streets, and the stock yards covered twenty-six acres in the immediate neighborhood. The first year's receipts were 120,827 cattle, 41,036 hogs, 4,527 sheep and 809 horses and mules, a total of 6,623 cars. The Kansas City stock yards have been enlarged at different times to meet the demands of an increasing business, until they now (1908) represent an investment of eight million dollars. This, together with the packing industry, shows the total amount of money devoted to live stock interests in this city to be $40,000,000. The yards, in 1908, covered 207 acres and had a daily yarding capacity of 40,000 cattle, 35,000 hogs, 25,000 sheep and 5,000 horses and mules. The value of the live stock received in 1907 was more than 145 million dollars. Kansas City is second only to Chicago in the live stock markets of the world. The receipts of all kinds of live stock at the Kansas City stock yards in 1907 were 7,237,750; the number of carloads received was 145,301; cattle, 2,670,460; hogs, 2,923,460; and sheep, 1,581,468. The packing houses in 1907 purchased 1,420,183 cattle, 2,738,481 hogs, and 1,081,654 sheep. While a great live stock center was being established in Kansas City, the horse and mule market was not neglected. The Kansas City Stock Yards company has provided every facility for handling these animals. The horse and mule market has developed until it is now (1908) one of the most important branches of the live stock industry. The receipts of horses and mules at the stock yards in 1871, the year of the organization of the stock yards company, were less than 1,000. By 1880 the receipts had increased to 14,000; in 1890 the receipts of horses and mules received in Kansas City were 47,118. The number of these animals received in Kansas City between 1900 and 1908 averaged about 65,000 a year. Missouri has long been famous as the world's greatest mule producing district. Recent statistics show Kansas and Nebraska as close seconds in the number of mules owned and raised. Some of the largest contracts for furnishing mules that have ever been made in the United States were handled by Kansas City dealers. In the Spanish-American war and in the war in South Africa Kansas City dealers furnished more than 100,000 mules and horses, and about ninety per cent of all the mules purchased by the United States government in recent years has been furnished by Kansas City dealers. Not only is Kansas City an important market for draft horses and mules, but also for saddle horses, light drivers and roadsters. In the earlier years of the stock yards the sheep trade attracted little attention, but later the buying side of the market made wonderful strides. At first the shippers and speculators had to be depended upon to take most of the sheep received. This proved to be a most unreliable demand. The killing trade began to show a little vigor in 1883, and the local slaughter of sheep having begun, a steady and reliable market was established. This gave encouragement to the sheep breeders of the West and they began to give increased attention to fattening mutton sheep for the market. The demand for mutton increased until Kansas City has become one of the principal sheep markets of the country. The best sheep, as well as cattle country, in the West lies adjacent to Kansas City. Situated in the center of the greatest corn growing section of the United States, Kansas City is an important market for hogs. The fact that there are situated here several of the largest packing plants in the world makes a strong demand for hogs. For a decade past the full receipts of hogs have been sold on the market, and shipping hogs through to other markets was almost unknown. Not only has there been a demand for all the arrivals here in the recent years, but the buying side of the market has grown until it has become greater than the selling side. More hogs could be sold each year than the tributary country is able to supply. Not only are the Kansas City stock yards the center of the movement of the live stock of commerce in the Southwest, but they are the center of the pure-bred live stock industry of the territory west of the Mississippi river. Here is held annually one of the world's greatest exhibitions of pure-bred live stock-the American Royal Live Stock show, which attracts exhibiters from half the states and territories of the union and visitors from all over the United States. At the show in the fall of 1906, 1,500 head of pure-bred cattle, horses, hogs and goats were in exhibition, and $30,000 in premiums was distributed. The attendance was 60,000. This great exhibition has been fostered and encouraged by the stock yards company. The company has provided commodious barns for housing it, and constructed, at a cost of |