media messages about AIDS and drug use. Based on this research, radio and television, as well as print, materials are being developed to intervene at the different stages of drug use in order to halt or slow the spread of AIDS. Messages are encouraging the drug abusers to seek treatment or to stop sharing needles if treatment is not possible.

Local communities are being encouraged to undertake public education programs. Community contacts in target cities are being helped to develop local coalitions among organizations concerned about AIDS in IV drug abuse.

We are working with the entertainment community-including the film, television, and music industries-to encourage the industry to undertake activities to educate the public about the threat of AIDS in IV drug abuse and to communicate an anti-drug message to preteens, teens, and young adults.

A national toll free telephone service has been established which directs drug abusers to treatment programs in their community. This Hotline service is being heavily promoted in advertising which promotes treatment for intravenous drug abusers. The drug Hotline is linked to the AIDS Hotline to assure appropriate handling of special requests and needs.

These media activities have until now been focused at the community level. Given the urgency of the AIDS epidemic and the growing public concern regarding the relationship of AIDS and drug abuse, the climate is improving for getting public service announcements on television. NIDA is considering the need for a broader public service campaign including a full range of television, radio, and print advertisements on the AIDS and drug abuse issue.

SCHOOL AND COLLEGE-AGED YOUTH

Every day more than 47 million students attend 90,000 elementary and secondary schools in 15,500 school districts across the United States. Schools efficiently can inform 90 to 95 percent of the young people about the dangers of AIDS and how to avoid becoming infected. Our youth and young adults must understand that sexual activity and IV drug abuse can lead to AIDS. The

5 percent of children who do not attend school may be at even greater risk and will require special efforts through agencies other than schools if they are to be reached by our efforts. To educate our Nation's youth about AIDS, we must be sure that there is a broad base of national, parental, and community support and that school officials, especially classroom teachers, are well prepared. We must be sure that curricula about AIDS are scientifically accurate, culturally sensitive, and developmentally appropriate for students in each community.

In 1987, we are initiating a comprehensive school health education program. A principal feature of the program will be the provision of fiscal support and technical assistance to about 10 State and 12 local education agencies in areas with the highest incidence of AIDS to rapidly implement effective education about AIDS for students and for school-aged youth who do not attend school. The scope and content of these AIDS school health education programs will be determined at the local level with assistance from the health agency. Training and demonstration projects will be established in three metropolitan areas and in one State. School officials and teachers from around the country

will be able to attend training sessions in order to learn firsthand how to develop and implement effective AIDS education in the schools. In this way we

can assist school systems that do not receive direct funding.

To supplement the State and local efforts, we will be working with national organizations to help schools provide effective AIDS education. Through these organizations, we hope to stimulate, reinforce, and assist State and local efforts to reach students, school-aged youth not attending school, college populations, Black youth, and Hispanic youth.

To round out our program, we will be undertaking a number of other activities designed to assist the State and local education agencies, such as establishing an annotated computerized bibliography of relevant AIDS

educational materials, stimulating private sector development of effective school health education materials, assessing the impact of national, state and local efforts, and establishing a national coalition for AIDS school health

education.

Our work with the State of Indiana provides an example of beneficial results that can come from the collaborative approach we are taking. Indiana State Board of Health, with funds and technical assistance from CDC, developed an AIDS school curriculum guide called AIDS: What Young Adults Should Know. It is a companion to an excellent curriculum on sexually transmitted disease education. This AIDS school health curriculum was recently completed and offered to the Indiana's local school boards. We were told that even before

it was off the presses nearly every State in the Union had requested a copy of the curriculum.

PERSONS AT INCREASED RISK OR INFECTED

Prevention and control of AIDS will depend upon successfully interrupting the transmission of the virus among those persons whose behaviors or their

circumstances put them and others at risk of infection. discuss our activities in terms of two broad categories:

Here again, I will

those people at risk

of infection through sexual transmission of the virus and those at risk

because of IV drug abuse.

Preventing Sexually Transmitted AIDS

The major element of our efforts to prevent sexually transmitted AIDS is the provision of assistance to States in conducting AIDS prevention programs. CDC will be awarding 55 cooperative agreements totaling more than $22 million to States, territories, and selected cities for this purpose. In response to the States requests for streamlining and simplifying the bureaucratic process, CDC has collapsed the two previously separate health education/risk reduction programs and the counseling and testing program into a single award for each participating State. In mid-1985 funding was provided for 50 counseling and testing projects covering nearly 900 sites through which more than 79,000 people were tested. Of these, about 17 percent were seropositive. In 1986 testing sites funded by these projects increased to almost 1100 through which more than 150,000 people were tested. Preliminary reports indicate that nearly 19 percent of those tested were seropositive. Pretest counseling sessions increased 89 percent, and post-test counseling increased by 118 percent in 1986 over 1985.

The health education/risk reduction projects have been more recently funded," and it is too early to report significant results from these efforts. In all of the 55 participating States and metropolitan areas information and education activities have been initiated and work has been started on

defining, in detail, their AIDS problems. To date, 21 projects have targeted informational services to black communities and 15 have activities aimed at

their Hispanic populations.

Concurrently, we are funding six demonstration projects designed to implement and evaluate intensive community level programs to prevent the transmission of HIV infection. These projects are being carried out under a strict protocol that is designed to permit evaluation of the activities in terms of their impact on the disease. Two of the projects have program elements directed toward reaching minority populations at risk. In a further attempt to find effective risk reduction approaches, we have been supporting eight innovative projects that are evaluating risk reduction approaches directed toward

homosexuals, IV drug abusers, and minorities.

CDC, working cooperatively with the Health Resources and Services Administration and the National Hemophiliac Foundation (NHF), is supporting the development and delivery of health education and risk reduction counseling programs for hemophiliacs. Their particular health problems are being addressed by the NHF through a network of service centers.

We will be continuing our joint venture with the Conference of Mayors that is designed to help stimulate information/education programs at the community level.