The energy levels of the calcium atom in all of its stages of ionization, as derived from the analyses of atomic spectra, have been critically compiled. In cases where only line classifications are reported in the literature, level values have been derived. Electron configurations, term designations, J-values, experimental g-values, and ionization energies are included. Calculated percentages of the two leading components of the eigenvectors of the levels are given. Simplification of thermodynamic calculations through dimensionless entropies, K. S. Pitzer and L. Brewer, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 3, 917-920 (1979). Key words: dimensionless entropies; thermodynamic functions. The advantages of using thermodynamic quantities divided by the gas constant (H/R, G/R, etc.) in calculations are described. It is recommended that thermodynamic tables be presented in this form, so that the entries are either dimensionless or in units of kelvins. Volume 8, No. 4 Evaluated activity and osmotic coefficients for aqueous solutions: Iron chloride and the bi-univalent compounds of nickel and cobalt, R. N. Goldberg, R. L. Nuttall, and B. R. Staples, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 4, 923-1004 (1979). Key words: activity coefficient; cobalt; critical evaluation; electrolyte; excess Gibbs energy; iron; nickel; osmotic coefficients; solutions; thermodynamic properties. A critical evaluation of the mean activity and osmotic coefficients in aqueous solutions of iron chloride, nickel chloride, perchlorate, and nitrate and twenty-nine bi-univalent compounds of cobalt at 298.15 K is presented. Osmotic coefficients were calculated from direct vapor pressure measurements, from isopiestic measurements, from freezing point depression measurements, and from vapor pressure osmometry measurements. Given are empirical coefficients for three different correlating equations, obtained by a weighted least squares fit of the experimental data, and tables consisting of the activity coefficients of the compounds, the osmotic coefficients and activity of water, and the excess Gibbs energy of the solution as functions of the molality for each electrolyte system. The literature coverage is through the computerized version of Chemical Abstracts of April 1979. Evaluated activity and osmotic coefficients for aqueous solutions: Bi-univalent compounds of lead, copper, manganese, and uranium, R. N. Goldberg, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 4, 1005-1050 (1979). Key words: activity coefficient; copper; critical evaluation; electrolyte; excess Gibbs energy; lead; manganese; osmotic coefficients; solutions; thermodynamic properties; uranium. A critical evaluation of the mean activity and osmotic coefficients in aqueous solutions of twelve bi-univalent compounds of lead, copper, manganese and uranium at 298.15 K is presented. Osmotic coefficients were calculated from direct vapor pressure measurements, from isopiestic measurements and from freezing point depression measurements. Activity coefficients were calculated from electromotive force measurements on galvanic cells without transference. Given are empirical coefficients for three different correlating equations, obtained by a weighted least squares fit of the experimental data, and tables consisting of the activity coefficients of the compounds, the osmotic coefficients and activity of water, and the excess Gibbs energy of the solution as functions of the molality for each electrolyte system. The literature coverage is through the computerized version of Chemical Abstracts of April 1979. Microwave spectra of molecules of astrophysical interest. XV Dimethyl ether, F. J. Lovas, H. Lutz, and H. Dreizler, J. Ph Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 4, 1051-1108 (1979). Key words: dimethyl ether; internal rotation; interstel molecules; microwave spectrum; radio astronomy; rc tional transitions. The microwave spectrum of dimethyl et (methoxymethane) is critically reviewed and supplemen through calculations which include the contributions of inter rotation and centrifugal distortion in the molecular Hamilt an. The primary objective of this review is to prov microwave spectral transitions applicable to molecular radio tronomy for the ground vibrational state rotational spectrun the most abundant isotopic form of dimethyl ether, "CH, 12CH3. While all measured rotational transitions are inclu the predicted transition frequencies were limited to J≤ 1! the range 1 GHz to 300 GHz. In order to provide a comp summary of the laboratory studies on dimethyl ether, the r tional constants of the less abundant isotopic species excited torsional states are also tabulated and all reported r tional studies are referenced. Energy levels of potassium, K 1 through K xix, C. Corliss: J. Sugar, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 4, 1109-1 (1979). Key words: atomic energy levels; atomic spectra; potassi energy levels. Data on the energy levels of the potassium atom in all of stages of ionization, as derived from the analyses of ator spectra, have been critically compiled. In cases where only 1 classifications are reported in the literature, level values hi been derived. Electron configurations, term designations, values, experimental g-values, and ionization energies are cluded. Electrical resistivity of copper, gold, palladium, and silver, R. Matula, J. Phys. Chem. Ref. Data 8, No. 4, 1147-12 (1979). Key words: copper; critical evaluation; data analysis; d: compilation; data evaluation; data extraction; data synth is; electrical resistivity; elements; gold; metals; molt metals; palladium; precious metals; reference data; silv solid state physics; transport properties. In this work, recommended values for the electrical resistiv as a function of temperature from the cryogenic region to w beyond the melting point are given for bulk pure copper, go palladium, and silver. In addition to the total electrical resisti ty values for the solid state, intrinsic electrical resistivity valu are presented from cryogenic temperatures to the melti point. The values are corrected for the change in geometry d to thermal expansion. The recommendations are based theoretical considerations and on the experimental data fou in the open literature. That available experimental da together with information pertaining to the specimen char: terization and measurement conditions are included in t work. The methods of data evaluation and other consideratic used in arriving at the recommendations are described. For 1 solid state, an interpolation scheme is given to aid in the det mination of values between those supplied in the tables; for liquid state, equations are given. 5.3. DIMENSIONS/NBS, ARTICLE TITLES ONLY This monthly magazine is published to inform scientists, engineers, businessmen, industry, teachers, students, and consumers of the latest advances in science and technology, with primary emphasis on the work at NBS. DIMENSIONS/NBS_highlights and reviews such issues as energy research, fire protection, building technology, metric conversion, pollution abatement, health and safety, and consumer product performance. In addition, DIMENSIONS/NBS reports the results of Bureau programs in measurement standards and techniques, properties of matter and materials, engineering standards and services, instrumentation, and automatic data processing. January-February 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 1/2, 1-28 (1979). Key words: analytical chemistry; ion-chromatography; law enforcement standards; materials properties; measurement science; science students; SRM; titanium alloy. Good as Gold?, S. Washburn Frontiers of Measurement Science, M. Baum Getting Federal Research to the Grass Roots, G. Lindsteadt Government and Industry Officials Discuss EMI Problems, F. New Method for Assessing Building Code Benefits and Costs, Predicting Materials Properties of Polymers, C. Hans New Analytical Chemistry Technique Being Used at NBS: Ion- Conferences Publications News Briefs Key words: computer interface standards; computers; cryogenic temperature; energy; energy savings; industrial robots; network services; SRM's. Giving a Robot the Eye, M. Baum Arabian Days and Nights at NBS, M. Heyman Summer Energy-Saving Tips, M. Heyman Government Adopts Three Computer Interface Standards, S. Lichtenstein Cryogenic Temperature Reference Device, R. Soulen A Methodology for Selecting Interactive Computer Services, S. Mamrak River Sediment and Urban Particulate SRM's Conferences Publications News Briefs May 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 5, 1-28 (1979). Key words: aluminum SRM's; computer systems; ́electron microscopy; group decisions; properties of steam; space; stirling refrigerators. Impossibility of Group Decisions, C. Johnson Space Behaves as Einstein Expected, D. Orr Small Computer Systems Excluded from Interface Standards, S. A Powerhouse at NBS: Properties of Steam, A. L. Sengers Standard Reference Material for Scanning Electron Microscopy Reissued, D. Ballard Two Aluminum SRM's Available Conferences Publications News Briefs March 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 3, 1-28 (1979). Key words: appropriations; fusion diagnostics; gravity Microwave Measurements on Snowpacks, F. McGehan Casting Light on Nature's Ways, F. McGehan Measurement Services for Ultrasonic Non-Destructive Evalua tion, D. Eitzen National Load Standard Being Revised, M. Heyman X-Ray Image Magnification Technique Developed, M. Kuriyama Evaluating Pipeline Welds, L. Mordfin Fusion Diagnostics: Spectrum of Molybdenum Ion Determined, J. Reader Conferences Publications News Briefs April 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 4, 1-24 (1979). News Briefs July/August 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 7/8, 1-28 (1979). Key words: computer network; computer standards; fire safety; gamma-ray spectroscopy; matrix-isolation; metric conversion; satellite system. Common Sense Approach to Metric Conversion, J. Odom Fire Safety for Health Care Facilities, M. Heyman Einstein's Theories and a New Satellite System, C. Smith NBS Seeks Proposals for Computer Standards Development and for Systems Security Program, S. Lichtenstein New Computer Network for NBS, R. J. Carpenter, J. Sokol, Jr., and J. E. Malcolm Scientific Tools for the Art World: Autoradiography and Gamma-Ray Spectroscopy, D. Garrett Matrix-Isolation Raman Spectroscopy, D. S. King and J. C. Stephenson Conferences Meeting Mother Nature on Her Own Turf, G. Porter The Precisely Precessing Proton, M. Baum Fire Safety Tips for Wood-Burning Appliances, S. Liberman Tenth Anniversary of NBS-TAPPI Collaborative Reference Paper Program, Dr. Lashof NBS Announces Four Computer Interface Standards, S. Radack New Photometric Calibrator Performs Direct Measurement, D. Swyt Girth Weld Standards for Alaskan Natural Gas Pipeline, R. "Ultra-Black" Coating for High Absorptance of Solar Energy, Publications News Briefs September 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 9, 1-32 (1979). Key words: calibrations; energy; fluid mixtures; light; Happy Anniversary, NBS/Boulder Accurate Measurement of Ultraviolet Radiation, J. L. Linsky Assessing LNG Tank Volume Calibrations, K. Higgins and M. First Direct Frequency Measurement of Visible Light Reported, Conferences Publications December 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 12, 1-32 (1979). Key words: chemical degradation; coal conversion; coal gasifier; computers; data; metric; refractory concrete; resource conservation and recovery. Protecting Citizens' Rights, S. Radack Once Is Not Enough, G. Porter Guidelines for the Use of Modernized Metric System Refractory Concrete Strength Measured Under Simulated Usage, E. Fuller Chemical Degradation of Refractory Liners in Coal Gasifier Systems, F. Mauer Data Centers Established to Aid Coal Conversion Industry, R. Dobbyn Conferences Publications Index News Briefs News Briefs October 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 10, 1-36 (1979). Key words: cardiac pacemakers; computer standards; fire safety; molybdenum; network measurement; semiconductors; SRM's; standards. Fighting Fire with Fire Research, M. Heyman The New, Improved Computer Standards Program, S. Radack A Little Less Witchery, a Little More Craft, M. Baum Science on Safety's Side, S. Lieberman Neutron Radiography of Cardiac Pacemaker Batteries, D. Gar rett The Network Measurement Instrument, M. D. Abrams Molybdenum Temperature Standard Reference Material Two Total Protein Standards Available Conferences Publications News Briefs November 1979 DIM/NBS 63, No. 11, 1-36 (1979). Key words: Alaskan pipeline; computers; corrosion; fire safety; gyromagnetic ratio; paper; photometric calibrator; safety tips; solar energy; toxic chemicals; ultra-black coating. 5.4. MONOGRAPHS Major contributions to the technical literature on various subjects related to the Bureau's scientific and technical activities. Monogr. 25, Section 16. Standard x-ray diffraction powder pat terns. Section 16-Data for 86 substances, M. C. Morris, H. F. McMurdie, E. H. Evans, B. Paretzkin, J. H. de Groot, C. R. Hubbard, and S. J. Carmel, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 25, Sec. 16, 190 pages (Oct. 1979) SN003-00302128-8. Key words: crystal structure; integrated intensities; lattice constants; peak intensities; powder patterns; reference intensities; standard; x-ray diffraction. Standard x-ray diffraction patterns are presented for 87 substances. Fifty-nine of these patterns represent experimental data and 28 are calculated. The experimental x-ray powder diffraction patterns were obtained with an x-ray diffractometer. All d-values were assigned Miller indices determined by comparison with computed interplanar spacings consistent with space group extinctions. The densities and lattice constants were calculated and the refractive indices were measured whenever possible. The calculated x-ray powder diffraction patterns were computed from published crystal structure data. Both peak height and integrated intensities are reported for the calculated patterns. Monogr. 163. Measurement assurance for gage blocks, C. Croarkin, J. Beers, and C. Tucker, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 163, 78 pages (Feb. 1979) SN003-003-02023-1. Key words: calibration; gage blocks; length; measurement assurance; measurement process control; systematic error; uncertainty. This monograph is intended for those who need to know on a continuing basis the uncertainty of their gage block calibration procedure. A general discussion of the philosophy of measurement assurance is given first. Then three levels of measurement assurance programs are outlined showing how control over the measurement process can be maintained and how the offset (or systematic error) from the unit of length maintained by the National Bureau of Standards can be made negligible. Monogr. 164. Electromagnetic boundary-value problems based upon a modification of residue calculus and function theoretic techniques, J. P. Montgomery and D. C. Chang, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 164, 183 pages (June 1979) SN003003-02075-3. Key words: closed systems; electromagnetic problems; functional theoretic techniques; modified residue calculus; open systems; remote sensing. The solution of a number of electromagnetic problems, in both closed and open systems, using the modified residue calculus and functional theoretic techniques is presented. The solutions start with known closed region problems and then are extended to new closed region problems and finally to several open region problems. Specific problems considered for the closed region are: 1) the trifurcated waveguide; 2) the dielectrically loaded trifurcated waveguide; 3) the N-furcated waveguide; 4) the dielectrically loaded N-furcated waveguide; 5) determination of the Eigenvalues of ridged waveguide; and 6) scattering by a dielectric stop. Open region problems considered are: 1) a parallel plate radiating into a homogeneous half-space; 2) a finite phased array; 3) remote sensing of the earth using parallel plate waveguides; 4) a flanged wave-guide radiating into a half-space; 5) scattering by a thick semi-infinite plane; and 6) radiation from a slot in a waveguide wall. Some suggested extension of the techniques to other types of problems is also included. Monogr. 165. An institutional plan for developing national standards with special reference to environment, safety, and health, B. W. Steiner, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Monogr. 165, 24 pages (Sept. 1979) SN003-003-02094-0. Key words: energy standards; environmental standards; safety and health standards; standards development. This plan was commissioned to provide a framework for the development of all essential non-nuclear energy-related, environmental, safety, and health (ES&H) standards for the private sector to coincide with the commercialization of new energy technologies. The development of such standards in the United States is a subset of the development of technological standards. Such standards consist of two basic types: "limit standards," which establish system performance criteria and "compliance measurement standards," which establish methods for the demonstration of compliance with "limit standards." The system addressed in this report encompasses four basic elements: (1) Hazards, (2) Limit Standards, (3) Evidence of Compliance, and (4) Compliance Measurement Standards. The unabridged version of the standards development process contains 39 discrete steps, each of which consists of intermediate stages. These are described here in the context of ten essential standards management functions. Some essential components in a comprehensive system, such as the voluntary standards bodies, already exist. However, to carry out many of the other functions effectively, new organizations would be required. The operation of the entire process is described in terms of a hypothetical example. 5.5. HANDBOOKS Recommended codes of engineering and industrial practice (including safety codes) developed in cooperation with interested industries, professional organizations, and regulatory bodies. H44, 1979 Edition. Specifications, tolerances, and other technical requirements for weighing and measuring devices, H. F. Wollin, Ed., Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 44, 1979 Edition, 213 pages (Dec. 1979) SN003-003-02143-1. Key words: length-measuring devices; liquid-measuring devices; measures; scales; specifications; taximeters; tolerances; volume-measuring devices; weighing devices; weights. This Handbook supersedes National Bureau of Standards Handbook 44, Fourth Edition, published in 1971 and includes amendments to the Handbook through 1978 that were subsequently published in the form of replacement sheets. It also includes the amendments that were adopted by the 64th National Conference on Weights during its annual meeting on July 22-27, 1979, in Portland, Oregon. This edition was developed by the Committee on Specifications and Tolerances of the National Conference on Weights and Measures, with the assistance of the Office of Weights and Measures of the National Bureau of Standards. The National Bureau of Standards has a statutory responsibility for "cooperation with the states in securing uniformity of weights and measures laws and methods of inspection." This Handbook is published in partial fulfillment of that responsibility. H105-3. Specifications and tolerances for reference standards and field standard weights and measures. 3. Specifications and tolerances for graduated neck type volumetric field standards, B. C. Keysar, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 105-3 Revised, 23 pages (Mar. 1979) SN003-003-02044-3. Key words: bottom loading; field standard provers; field standards; field standard test measures; provers; specifications; standards; test measures; tolerances; vapor recovery. These specifications and tolerances are recommended as minimum requirements for standards used in the field by State and local weights and measures officials and others in quantity determinations of liquid commodities. H107, Revised. American National Standard N43.1; Radiological safety in the design and operation of particle accelerators. (ANSI N43.1-1978), E. H. Eisenhower, Chairman, ANSI Subcommittee N43, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 107 Revised, 24 pages (May 1979) SN003-003-02064-8. Key words: accelerator design; accelerator operation; health physics; particle accelerators; radiation measurements; radiation protection; standard. This American National Standard provides the basic considerations essential to the safe operation of a particle accelerator. It applies principally to particle accelerators with primary energies less than 100 MeV. It considers the characteristics of and controls for radiations as they affect accelerator design, operating procedures, and exposure evaluation. The section on radiation protection design criteria includes radiation shielding considerations and the use of safety systems. Operational health physics requirements are treated extensively, and radiation measurements are discussed in terms of the types of radiation that may be produced and proper techniques for monitoring. The final section, on dose assessment, includes basic exposure considerations such as maximum permissible dose and dose equivalent. H128. Vibration isolation: Use and characterization, J. C. Snowdon, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 128, 129 pages (May 1979) SN003-003-02065-6. Key words: antivibration mounting; damping; dynamic properties; industrial engineering; isolation; machinery and equipment; mechanical impedance; mechanical vibrations; noise control; transmissibility; vibration isolation; vibrations. The results of a search and critical evaluation of the literature pertinent to both the use and the characterization of the performance of antivibration mountings for the control of noise and vibration are described. First to be discussed are the static and dynamic properties of rubberlike materials that are suited for use in antivibration mountings. This is followed by analyses of the simple (one-stage) mounting system and its subsequent, impaired performance when second-order resonances occur either in the isolator (wave effects) or in the structure of the mounted item itself (nonrigid supporting feet). A discussion is then given to the performance of the compound or two-stage mounting system which possesses superior isolation properties for high frequencies. Next, the four-pole parameter technique of analysis is described and applied, in general terms, to the characterization of the performance of an antivibration mounting with wave effects for both the cases where either the supporting foundation or mounted item are nonrigid. The adopted methods for the direct measurement of antivibration-mounting performance are described, followed by an explanation of how this same experimental determination of transmissibility can also be made using an indirect measurement technique based upon four-pole parameter analysis considerations. Finally, recommendations for future work in various areas of research on antivibration mountings are given. H129. American National Standard N538; Classification of industrial ionizing radiation gauging devices. (ANSI N5381979), E. H. Eisenhower, ANSI Subcommittee N43-3.2, Nat. Bur. Stand. (U.S.), Handb. 129, 29 pages (Oct. 1979) SN003-003-02135-1. Key words: device safety performance classification; gauges; gauging devices; ionizing radiation; radiation measurements; radiation safety; standard. This American National Standard applies to the radiation safety aspects of gauging devices, commonly called gauges, which use sealed radioactive sources or x-ray tubes for the determination or control of thickness, density, level, interface location, or qualitative or quantitative chemical composition. This standard establishes a system for classification of gauging devices based on performance specifications relating to radiation safety. In addition to specific tests for both use conditions and accident conditions, guidelines for other safety features and considerations are presented. This standard does not apply to the measurement performance of gauging devices. |